Objective To study the polymorphism of human platelet antigen HPA-1 to HPA-5,and HPA-15 system in Qingdao Han population.Methods A total of 918 samples from regular voluntary platelet donors in Qingdao were genotyped for HPA-1 to-5 and HPA-15 by PCR-SSP.Results The gene frequencies of HPA-1a,-1b;HPA-2a,-2b;HPA-3a,-3b;HPA-4a,-4b;HPA-5a,-5b;HPA-15a,-15b were 0.9940,0.0060;0.9319,0.0681;0.5822,0.4178;0.9897,0.0104;0.9804,0.0196;0.4913,0.5087,respectively.Both a and b alleles were found in each of the 6 HPA systems,and a/a homozygosity was more common in HPA-1,-2,-4 and-5 systems.The HPA genotype frequencies followed Hardy-Weinberg principle.HPA-1 frequency of Qingdao people was significantly different from that of North China(P

AIM: To investigate the expression kinetics of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on the surface of the resting and activated B/T cells as well as monocytes from healthy human peripheral blood.METHODS: Fluorescent antibody staining together with flow cytometry were used to detect the percentages of the resting as well as the activated B cells and T cells that expressed PD-L1 and PD-L2.Meanwhile the percentages of the resting and activated monocytes that expressed PD-L2 were determined.RESULTS: Both resting B cells and T cells did not express PD-L1 on their surface,however PD-L1 expression was significantly up-regulated on the surface of the activated B cells after 6 h stimulation with LPS or pokeweed mitogen(PWM),and the percentages of B cells that expressed PD-L1 reached a plateau at 24 h,which were(46.26?10.71)% with LPS and(43.67?6.14)% with PWM stimulation,respectively.No markedly change of PD-L1 expression on the surface of the activated T cells after stimulation with LPS was observed,but upregulation of PD-L1 expression was observed when stimulation with PWM.The percentages of T cells that expressed PD-L1 reached a plateau at 24 h,which was(25.42?9.23)%.PD-L2 expression was not found on the resting as well as the activated B cells and T cells.In addition,the resting monocytes did not express PD-L2.Combination of INF-? plus LPS markedly induced the PD-L2 expression,and the percentages of monocytes that expressed PD-L2 reached a peak at 48 h,which was(28.70?14.22)%.CONCLUSION: The activated lymphocytes only express PD-L1,reaching a plateau at 24 h.PD-L2 is expressed on the surface of the activated monocytes,reaching a peak at 48 h.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sub anesthetic dose of ketamine combined with sufentanil on postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA)in patients undergoing radical resection of esophageal cancer.Methods Ninety patients,ASAⅠorⅡ,aged 55-75 years old,se-lected for radical resection of esophageal cancer were randomly divided into three groups:group S1,group S2,group SK,30 patients in each group were treated with PCIA.Group S1,2 μg/kg sufentanyl;group S2,2.5 μg/kg sufentanyl;group SK 2 μg/kg sufentanyl+90 μg·kg-1·h-1 ketamine.6 mg of granisetron was added to each group,and then diluted into 100 ml of normal saline.All patients were administered load-ing doses of 5 ml analgesics 30 min before the end of the operation.The VAS score,Ramsay sedation score, SBP,DBP,HR,SpO2 and adverse effects were recorded respectively at 4,8,24 and 48 hours after opera-tion.The total times of pressing PCIA were also recorded in 48 h after operation.Results There was no statistically significant difference in Ramsay sedation score,SBP,DBP,HR and SpO2 at 4,8,24,48 hours after operation in the three groups.Compared with group S1,the VAS score and total number of pressing PCIA times in groups SK and S2 were significantly lower in 48 h after operation (P <0.05).Compared with group S2,VAS score and the total number of pressing PCIA times in group SK were significantly de-creased in 48 h after operation (P <0.05).Two patients from group SK occurred respiratory depression 48 h after operation.There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of adverse effects in the three groups.Conclusion Sub anesthetic dose of ketamine combined with sufentanil on PCIA can reduce postoper-ative sufentanil consumption and significantly relieve the postoperative pain in patients undergoing radical re-section of esophageal cancer.The analgesic effect is better than using sufentanil alone.

Objective To observe the apoptosis of Th1 and Th2 cells in C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with Schistosoma japonicum.Methods The apoptotic Th1 and Th2 cells in spleen and lymph node from C57BL/6 mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum for 13 weeks were examined by three-color and indirect flow cytometery with staining surface molecule and intracellular cytokines.Results Compared with the normal mice,the proportion of apoptotic Th1 and Th2 cells of 13-week post-infection was significantly high,and the apoptotic Th1 cells increased more than apoptotic Th2 cells in the infected C57BL/6 mice,and the Th1 cells were more susceptible to apoptosis than Th2 cells.Conclusions Unequal susceptibility to apoptosis in Th1 and Th2 cells may be one of the reasons leading to Th2 polarization on mice chronically infected with Schistosoma japonicum,which provides the new proof of Th polarization.

Objective To investigate and compare the different effects of soluble adult wornl antigen(SWA)and soluble egg antigen(SEA)of Schistosoma japonicum on the apoptosis and cell-cycle of routine CD4~+T cells.Methods Purified CD4~+T ceUs from normal C57BL/6 mice were cultured with CFSE labeled antigen presenting clls in the presence of different stimuli for 36 h.Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect the apoptosis of CD4~+T cells by fluorescence conjugated caspase-3 antibodie staining.The flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell-cycle of CD4~+T cells cultured as described above for 96 h by propidium iodide staining.Results Compared with the apoptosis percentage of CD4~+T cells[(1.24±0.29)%]in the SEA stimulated group,that in the SWA stimulated group[(1.52±0.38)%]did not show statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Compared with the cell percentages in G1 phase[(78.91±2.98)%],S phase[(7.39±0.85)%]and G2/M phase[(10.69±1.05)%] in the SWA stimulated group,that of the G1 phase[(59.42±1.32)%]was significantly lower,but those in the S phase[(21.07±O.88)%] and G2/M phase[(18.88±1.21)%]were significantly increased in the SEA stimulated group(P<0.01).Conclusions There is no statistically significant difference between the apoptosis levels of CD4~+T ceHs stimulated by SWA and SEA.However,SEA significantly promotes the progression of the cell-cycle of CD4~+T cells compared with SWA.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics of protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in children.

METHODThe clinical data of patients seen from October, 2010 to March, 2014 in Department of Respiratory Diseases of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria were over 4 weeks cough, receiving fiberoptic bronchoscopy, positive bacterial culture and (or) the increased percentage of neutral granulocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).

RESULTTwenty eight patients were involved, 26 were male (93%) and two were female (7%). The median age of patients was 8.5 months. The median duration of cough was four weeks. The average length of hospital stay was (8.3 ± 3.9)days. The main clinical feature was wet cough in 28 cases, wet cough with wheezing was seen in 21 cases. The wet cough phase distribution was irregular in 21 cases. The crackles with wheeze (in 21 cases) was main signs of PBB. The percentage of CD3⁻ CD16⁺ 56⁺ cells increased in peripheral blood. The fiberoptic bronchoscopic manifestations of PBB were luminal mucosal edema. Eleven patients also had airway malacia. The neutrophil median in BALF was 0.2. The positive rate of bacterial culture of BALF was 36%. The main bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%) and Haemophilus influenzae (30%). The main treatment for PBB patients included amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium and second-generation cephalosporins. The average duration of treatment was (17.3 ± 3.2)days, the prognosis was good.

CONCLUSIONPBB is common in male infants. Persistent wet cough with wheezing was the main characteristic of PBB. PBB is commonly accompanied by immune dysfunction and airway malacia, and the pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

Bacterial Infections ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Bronchitis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Bronchoscopy ; Cough ; Female ; Haemophilus influenzae ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Sounds ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; isolation & purification

Antiviral Agents ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Ligands ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Helicases ; chemistry ; classification ; metabolism ; Static Electricity ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; classification ; metabolism ; Zika Virus ; enzymology

The recent explosive outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been reported in South and Central America and the Caribbean. Neonatal microcephaly associated with ZIKV infection has already caused a public health emergency of international concern. No specific vaccines or drugs are currently available to treat ZIKV infection. The ZIKV helicase, which plays a pivotal role in viral RNA replication, is an attractive target for therapy. We determined the crystal structures of ZIKV helicase-ATP-Mn(2+) and ZIKV helicase-RNA. This is the first structure of any flavivirus helicase bound to ATP. Comparisons with related flavivirus helicases have shown that although the critical P-loop in the active site has variable conformations among different species, it adopts an identical mode to recognize ATP/Mn(2+). The structure of ZIKV helicase-RNA has revealed that upon RNA binding, rotations of the motor domains can cause significant conformational changes. Strikingly, although ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) apo-helicases share conserved residues for RNA binding, their different manners of motor domain rotations result in distinct individual modes for RNA recognition. It suggests that flavivirus helicases could have evolved a conserved engine to convert chemical energy from nucleoside triphosphate to mechanical energy for RNA unwinding, but different motor domain rotations result in variable RNA recognition modes to adapt to individual viral replication.
Crystallography, X-Ray ; Protein Domains ; RNA Helicases ; chemistry ; RNA, Viral ; chemistry ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; Zika Virus ; enzymology

Objective: To explore the advantages and disadvantages of a new management model of eye community based nurse-led clinics. Methods: From March 2016 to March 2018, a community clinic of a tertiary eye hospital, Qingdao Eye Hospital was analyzed. The situation of staff and equipment allocation and adjustment in the Clinic during the two years was also reviewed. Results: A total of 17042 patients were admitted to the community clinic of a tertiary eye hospital in the past two years, among whom 44.9% were over 65 years old. Ocular surface diseases (34.4%, 5862), cataracts (31.6%, 5382), and refractive errors (17.2%, 2928) were the top three causes of patient visits. The waiting time for NLC patients was 1~114 (8.5±8.5) min, and the waiting time for outpatients in the main hospital area was 32.0~61.0 (42.4±7.1) min. The difference was statistically significant (Z=-135.172, P<0.01). The per capita cost of NLC patients was ¥ 4.0~153.2 (64.9±22.0), and the per capita cost of outpatients in the main hospital area was ¥ 110.0~586.9 (291.0±160.0), the difference was statistically significant (Z=-136.531, P<0.01). NLC scored higher than the main hospital area in consultation, timeliness and convenience of the disease(Z=-7.278, -7.462, -12.677, P<0.01), and was lower than the main hospital in the disease-solving project (Z=-3.188, P<0.01). Conclusion The NLC model is a new management model that can meet the needs of community clinics and also is a new challenge for nursing staff under the health care reform.