Objective To explore the risk factors of newborns with hypoglycemia and its prevention methods.Methods Clinical data of 1342 newborns were analyzed retrospectively,and the risk factors of newborns with hypoglycemia and its prevention methods were summarized.Results Of 1342 newborns,104 cases(7.75％)were confirmed with diagnoses of neonatal hypoglycemia.The duration of 56 cases(53.85％)was less than 1 day and 9 cases(8.65％)was more than 3 days,while 39 cases(37.5％)was 1 day to 3 days.The incidence of hypoglycemia of newborns(gestational age＜37 weeks)was higher than that of those newborns(gestational age ≥ 37 weeks)(P＜0.05).The incidence of hypoglycemia with the birth weight from 2500g to 4000g was lower than the newborns with the birth weight more than 4000g or less than 2500g(P＜0.05).The incidence of hypoglycemia of vaginal delivery newborns was lower than that of cesarean sectior newborns(P＜0.05).Conclusion The key point of treatment for newborns with hypoglycemia is prevention.For the neonates who are likely to suffer from hypoglycemia,blood sugar level needs to monitor frequently.Early diagnosis,detection and corrective measures could avoid damages to the central nervous system of neonates caused by hypoglycemia.

Objective To explore morphologic characterizatics of cellular processes from adult human nucleus pulposus cells. Methods The nucleus pulposus of adult human intervertebral disc were obtained from 8 patients(Thompson's grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) and then the tissues specimens were carried out by frozen section and electron microscopic section as well as cell isolation and cultured,processes of nucleus pulposus cells were examined using light microscopy,laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results When examined at both the confocal and electron microscope level,all the cells possessed the processes and adjacent nucleus pulposus cells processes possessed a gap junction.The elongated and round cells were examined when NP cells became monolayer in vitro.The rate of elongated cells to round cells was 2.3 to 1.The elongated cells protruded along with the long axis of cell body without second processes.Dendritic processes of round cells protruded to all directions from the cell body with multiple-level processes.Conclusion Processes are one of the morphologic characteristics of intervertebral disc cells.The research on processes functions could be helpful to understand pathomechanism of intervertebral disc degradation.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of losartan、fosinopril and captopril on the excretion rate of urinary albumin (UAER) and the clearance of endogenous creatinine (Cr-C) in elderly patients. 　　Methods:In this study,162 elderly patients with stage of the 2—3 class hypertension were included,The patients were divided into 3 groups,that were losartan group and the fosinopril group and captopril group,the anti-hypertensive effects and UAER and Cr-C were determined before and after the treatment. 　　Results:The hypertensive effect rates were 94% in losartan group and 93%、93% in fosinopril group and captopril group respectively.Decrease of UAER was observed in 89% of patient in losartan group and 59%、50% in fosinopril group、captopril group.Cr-C were improved in 94%、78% of patient in losartan group and in fosinopril group and 63% in captopril group. 　　Conclusions:Losartan has better effects on UAER and Cr-C than captopril in elderly hypertensive patients.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of PEG-INF alpha-2a(PEG-INF-2a)on patients with chronic hepatitis C.Methods 60 patients with hepatitis C were included in this study.30 patients were treated with PEGINF-2a(180μg or 135μg/week)and RBV 900mg/d,30 patients were treated with IFNα-2a(5 MIU/qod)and RBV 900 mg/d.The time of treatment was 48 weeks,and all the patients were followed up for 24 weeks after treatment.There was no significant difference between the two groups in pretreatment HCV-RNA,HCV genotype and other clinical data.The main parameters to evaluate the efficacy were virological and biochemical responses.The side effects were intensively observed.Results Sustained vimlogical response(SVR)rate in PEG-IFNα-2a group was significantly higher than that in IFNα-2a group(56.5%and 19.5%respectively,P＜0.01).As the patients were divided according to HCV genotype 1 and high virus load.the SVR rate of PEG-IFNα-2a group Was higher than IFNα-2a group(P＜0.01).However,there was no significant difference between two groups in the patients with non-genotype 1 and low viral load(P=0.664,0.116).Similar side-effects were observed in PEG IFNα-2a group and IFNα-2a group,but the rate of weisht decline and the degree of leukocyte decrease were more significant in PEG IFNα-2a group than in IFNα-2a group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The efficacy of PEG IFNα-2a in the treatment of chromic hepatitis C is superior to that of conventional IFNα-2a,PEG-IFNα-2a had good tolerance and safety profiles.

Objective To investigate wheter epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could prevent the information of abrant crypt loci (ACF) induced by isoquinoline (IQ)and its possible mechanisms. Methods Sixty male BALB/cA nude immunological deficit mice were divided into five groups. Except control group, the other four groups were received IQ to induce ACF. The rats in low, medium and high dose groups were received 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of EGCG,respectively. The mice were sacrificed six weeks later. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and 0.2% methylene blue staining were used to observe the routine histology and ACF, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect Nrf2 protein level and RT-PCR was used to detect Nrf2 and UGT1A10 mRNA levels in colon tissue. Results The body weights of model group decreased significantly compared to high-dose group (21.70±0.13 vs. 24.37±0.07, P<0.01). Compared to model group, the degree of atypical hyperplasia and even canceration of colon mucus and the number of total ACF and total AC in high-dose group were decreased significantly (18.00±7.51 vs. 64.20±45.18, P<0.05;63.90±18.58 vs. 168. 80±35.34, P<0.01). The protein level of Nrf2 increased (0.3114±0.0037 vs. 0.1660±0.0021, P<0.01). The mRNA levels of Nrf2 and UGT1A10 in high-dose group was increased (both P value<0.01). Conclusions EGCG has protective effect on IQ induced preneoplastic lesions through reducing the number of ACF. This effect may be caused partly through the signal pathway Nrf2-UGT1A10.

The subject nature of nursing science was defined as that of humanity and social science.Qualitative and quantitative methods should be combined in studies of nursing science .Only the research methods of nursing science are used , can the nursing science turn out an independent subject .

Objective To develop a HPLC method for the determination of anthocyanin chloride in purple sweet potato.Methods The analysis was carried out by using Kromsail C18 column(4.6 mm? 250 mm,5 ? m).The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid(15 ∶ 76.5 ∶ 8.5).The wavelength of detection was at 530 nm.Results The linear range of anthocyanin was 0～ 0.208 9 ? g(r=0.999 8).The average recovery was 97.95 %(RSD=1.0 %,n=5).Conclusions This method is simple and reliable.

Objective To establish an immunoassay based on microfluidic chip for detection of TSH and total T4.Methods The direct-write laser micromachining technology was used to fabricate microfluidic chip,luminol-H2O2 as luminator.This method and Roche E2010 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay were used to examine TSH by double-antibody sandwich method and total T4 by competitive principle in 50 serum samples collected at our outpatient clinic.Results The detection was completed within 25 min.Ten microliter sample and reagent was required.The detection range of TSH was 0-50 ?IU/ml and its average intraassay and interassay precision was 4.7% and 4.6% respectively and its average recovery rate was 95.3%.The detection range of T4 was 9.375-300 ng/ml,and its average intraassay and interassay precision was 4.9% and 4.7% respectively and its average recovery rate was 91.27%.Conclusion Rapid detection of TSH and T4 by microfluidic chip-based immunoassays is convenient,stable and accurate and of less reagent and time consuming.

Objective To explore the effect of enteral nutrition combined with parenteral nutrition support on the prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods Sixty-one patients diagnosed with SAP in our hospital from July 2011 to June 2012 were chosen and randomly divided into EN and PN group(30 cases)and PN group(31 cases).At the early stage of treatment,the former group was provided parenteral nutrition(PN)alone while the latter group was given enteral nutrition together with parenter-al nutrition.Then we measured the patients′body mass index on the 1st,2nd,3rd,5th,7th,10th,14th day respectively after admis-sion,and recorded the following indexes:whether complications occurred or not,the time for the first passage of gas by anus and defecation,the total time and cost of hospitalization,the drug proportion and the time the serum and urine amylase returned to nor-mal.Results The two groups of patients′body mass index showed no significant differences in the first 3 days,but there were sig-nificant differences in statistics on the 5th,7th,10th and 14th day(P <0.05).In addition,the two groups of patients formed a sharp contrast in such aspects as the bowel sound recovery time,the anal exhaust time,the total cost of hospitalization and the incidence rate of the complications(P <0.05)whereas there were no remarkable differences in the serum and urine amylase recovery time and the total time of hospitalization(P >0.05).Conclusion Compared with PN,the combined therapy of EN and PN could improve the patients′nutrition,reduce the weight loss caused by consumption,promote intestinal peristalsis,effectively reduce infectious compli-cations caused by floraectopic and ease the patients financial burden.

With the wide spread of sex and reproductive health knowledge and the deep influence of various cultures,there has been made rapid progress in the study and spread of sex knowledge in our country.It is quite necessary to add courses on sexology in medical higher schools.After a systematic study,students will master the related medical knowledge about sex in a full and scientific way,which will help them lay a solid foundation in their future study of sexology,gynecology and obstetrics,male science and family planning and carry out effective clinical diagnosis treatment for the patients with sex and related diseases.