Objective:To establish bacterial endotoxin test for brozopine. Methods: Interference pre-test and interfering factors test were conduced on 3 batches of samples from 2 manufacturers to confirm the applicability of bacterial endotoxin test and the non-in-terfering concentration. The bacterial endotoxin test was carried out based on the method described in the second part of Chinese Phar-macopeia (2010 edition) and relevant standards and guidelines. Results: The three batches of brozopine showed no interference in bacterial endotoxin test at the concentration less than or equal to 2. 5 mg·ml-1 . The bacterial endotoxin test of the three bathes of samples all met the requirements. Conclusion:Bacterial endotoxin test can be used for the quality control of brozopine.

Objective To analyze and investigate clinical characteristics, pathogenesis and treatment of urinary tract infection and aseptic meningitis. Methods Clinical features and laboratory tests of a two-month-old baby girl with urinary tract infection and aseptic meningitis were reported. Results The patient complained of fever, neck stiffness and a bulging fontanel, accompanied by congestion and abnormal secretion of urethra. The cerebrospinal lfuid (CSF) white blood cell count was 30×106/L. The blood culture and the CSF culture were both negative. And the urine culture was positive for Enterococcus faecium. The patient received a 10-day course of intravenous antibiotic therapy. The prognosis is good with no recurrence of the disease. Conclusions Aseptic meningitis can be concomitant with urinary tract infection, The probable hypothesis may be that sterile CSF pleocytosis is mediated by urinary tract infection. Knowledge of this may prevent unnecessary antibiotics therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis.

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of total hip replacement (THR) and minimally invasive dynamic hip screw (MIDHS) in treating osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures so as to discuss the differences of the two treatment methods.Methods A retrospective study was done on 48 elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures.All the patients were randomly treated with THR (THR group) and MIDHS internal fixation ( MIDHS group).After a follow-up of over six months,the two groups were compared concerning the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage,postoperative hip function,and postoperative complications.ResultsTHR group had longer operation time,larger volume of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative drainage as compared with the MIDHS group.The incidence of internal fixation loosening varied significantly with different degree of osteoporosis in the MIDHS group,but not in the THR group.The loosening rate of the implants in the MIDHS and THR groups was 33.3％ and 4.1％ respectively,with significant difference.Functional evaluation of hip showed no significant differences between the two groups six months postoperatively.ConclusionFor achieving earlier and better functional recovery and less postoperative complications in the management of osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures,MIDHS can be considerel for the elderly patients with low degree of osteoporosis and THR for younger patients with high degree of osteoporosis.

AIM To study the tissue distribution of strychnos nux vomica alkaloids in rats. METHODS Rats were given strychnos nux vomica alkaloids intravenously and strychnine(S), brucine(B), strychnine N oxide(SNO), brucine N oxide(BNO) in every tissue was determined by HPLC timely. RESULTS The concentration of S, B, SNO and BNO were high in brain and spinal marrow. CONCLUSION S, B, SNO and BNO all have the ability to permeate blood brain barrier.

Objective To investigate whether the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) can independently increase the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes .Methods The cardiovascular endpoints were observed after 5 years follow up for fat liver group (46 cases, patient with fat liver and with diabetes more than 10 years), non-fatty liver group (50 cases, patients without fatty liver disease and with diabetes more than 10 years), and normal glucose group (46cases, patient with NAFLD and with normal glucose) in the same demographic characteristics.Results ⑴ Patient status before enrollment: The body mass index (BMI), and blood glucose levels in fat liver group and non-fatty liver group were higher than normal glucose group , while the high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol ( HDL-C) was lower than normal glucose group ( P <0.05 ) .There is no significant difference among three groups in blood pressure and triglyceride ( TG) level ( P >0.05 ) .⑵After 5 years observation:The BMI , blood glucose , and TG levels in fat-ty liver disease group were significant higher than other two groups , while the HDL-C was lower than other two groups .The glucose control level of fat liver group was higher than normal glucose group ( P <0.05 ) .⑶After 5 years observation:The incidence of cardi-ovascular events of fat liver group was higher than other two groups ( P <0.05 ) .There is no significant difference between the normal glucose group and non-fatty liver group in the incidence of cardiovascular events ( P >0.05 ) .Conclusions NAFLD can independent-ly increase the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sitagliptin on blood glucose,blood pressure,blood lip and carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) in metabolic syndrome patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods The clinical data were collected for 64 cases of inpatient and outpatient patients with metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes.Those patients included anti-diabetes native patients and patients only used the stable metformin dose.After signed off the informed consent form,those patients were randomized to the sitagliptin treatment group or original treatment group,and the metabolic index and carotid artery intima-media thickness were evaluated after 24 weeks treatment.Results The body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),triglycerides (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),glycated hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c),and carotid artery IMT in two groups were comparable at baseline.After 12 weeks treatment,the FPG,TG,DBP,and HbA1c in the sitagliptin group were significantly better than original treatment group and the baseline,while there was no different between two groups in other index.After 24 weeks treatment,the FPG,TG,HDL-C,DBP,HbA1c,and carotid artery IMT in the sitagliptin group were significantly better than original treatment group and the baseline.Conclusions Sitagliptin presents the functions of lowering blood pressure,adjusting blood lipid,and protecting vascular endothelial in addition to lowering blood glucose.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly aggressive and life?threatening malignancy. Even with radical surgical removal and front?line chemotherapy, more than half of GCs locally relapse and metastasize at a distant site. The dismal outcomes relfect the ineffectiveness of a one?size?ifts?all approach for a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse etiological causes and complex molecular underpinnings. The recent comprehensive genomic and molecular proifling has led to our deepened understanding of GC. The emerging molecular classiifcation schemes based on the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular signatures are providing great promise for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies in a more personalized and precise manner. To this end, the Cancer Genome Atlas ( TCGA) research network conducted a comprehensive molecular evaluation of primary GCs and proposed a new molecular classiifcation dividing GCs into four subtypes:Epstein?Barr virus?associated tumors, microsatellite unstable tumors, genomically stable tumors, and tumors with chromosomal instability. This review primarily focuses on the TCGA molecular classiifcation of GCs and discusses the implications on novel targeted therapy strategies. We believe that these fundamental ifndings will sup?port the future application of targeted therapies and will guide our efforts to develop more effcacious drugs to treat human GCs.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Vigna umbellata Ohwi et Ohashi.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction of 80％ ethanol extract from V.umbellata was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and ODS column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data and physicochemical properties.RESULTS Twelve compounds were isolated and elucidated as (+) catechin (1),(-) epicatechin (2),3-furanmethanol-β-D-glucopyranoside (3),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4),quercetin7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),(+) catechin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),(+) catechin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7),quercetin-3 '-O-α-L-rhamnoside (8),(±) dihydroquercetin (9),quercetin (10),ethyl gallate (11),propanediol (12).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from V.umbellata for the first time,and compounds 4,8,9,11,12 are first obtained from genus Vigna.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Wuzhi soft capsule on the pharmacokinetics of sirolimus in rats. METH-ODS:Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,with 6 rats in each group. They were given very low-dose,low-dose,me-dium-dose and high-dose of Wuzhi soft capsule(67,134,268 and 536 mg/kg)ig or blank solvent,respectively;and then given si-rolimus 0.4 mg/kg. The blood 100 μl was sampled by capillary eyes before giving sirolimus(0 h)and 0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,2.5, 3,4,6,8,12,24 and 36 h after giving sirolimus and put into edetic acid anticoagulation tube. Blood concentration of sirolimus was assayed by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameter was calculated by DAS 2.0 software using non-compartment model. RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of sirolimus in very low-dose,low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups and blank solvent group were cmax of(6.79±1.15),(17.40±3.13),(21.24±3.14),(22.06±4.82),(2.80±0.72)ng/ml;t1/2 of(11.01± 0.82),(12.20±2.02),(12.28±2.38),(12.36±0.73),(10.59±0.69)h;AUC0-∞ of(85.79±15.26),(162.18±41.75),(273.12± 73.69),(268.79±28.46),(36.72±3.01)ng·h/ml,respectively. Compared with blank solvent group,cmax and AUC0-∞ of sirolimus were all increased in very low-dose,low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups,but t1/2 changed slightly. CONCLUSIONS:Wu-zhi soft capsule can substantially enhance the absorption of sirolimus in rats.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic radial incision( ERI) for benign stricture of esophageal anastomosis. Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with benign stricture of e?sophageal anastomosis undergoing ERI from October 2013 to September 2014 were retrospectively studied. Im?provement of clinical symptom and treatment?related complication or discomfort were intensively analysed. Re?sults All 17 patients successfully received ERI procedures, and the mean operating time was 10 minutes with a mean of 4 incisions. Obvious bleeding and mis?cut of normal mucosa occurred in 1 case, and this patient was cured by endoscopic hemostasis, gastrointestinal decompression and administration of antibiotics. Heartburn oc?curred in 5 patients and disappeared spontaneously without other complications or discomfort. Dysphagia score decreased from 3?11 to 0?90 in the second day after ERI(P<0?01).The mean follow?up time was 15?5 months ( range 9?20 months) . The dysphagia score showed no significant difference between the follow?up period and the second day after ERI ( P>0?05 ) . Conclusion ERI is simple, safe and effective for treating benign stricture of esophageal anastomosis.