Objective To evaluate influence of general anesthesia on postoperative cognition function in the elderly patients by using different methods and choose a better anesthesia method for elderly patients. Methods Forty elderly patients undergoing selective abdominal surgery were selected and divided into two groups: anesthesia was maintained with general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia in observe group and with general anesthesia singlely in control group. Vital signs were observed and recorded during operation and blood pressure varied within the extent of 20% of basic level. Cognition function of each patient 24 hours before and 24,48 hours after operation was e-valuated by MMSE method. Results All the patients maintained steady vital signs and there was no significant differ-ence in MMSE scores between two groups at all the time points. There were 11 cases(55% ) who had acute cognitive dysfunction in observe group and 13 cases(65%) in control group 24h after operation(P>0.05) ,5 cases(25%) in observe group and 9 cases(45%) in control group 48h after surgery(P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with single general anesthesia, general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia uses less general anesthetics and has less negative effect on postoperative cognition funetion in the elderly patients,it maybe better in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac operation.

Objective (1) To determine the relationship between the MR signal intensity and the actual flow velocity under steady flow condition (2) to analyze the influence produced by the angle (?) between the flow direction and the velocity encoded gradient direction, and flip angle as well as section thickness on the velocity measurement under oblique flow condition (3) to develop a suitable protocol for using this method to measure volumetric flow rate in the transverse sinus system Methods Flow phantom, which simulated blood flow conditions in the transverse sinus system, consisted of a fluid filled cylinder and a bent tube with a 3 4 mm internal diameter A 1 5 T superconductive MR imager and VIGRE sequence were used for these studies A suitable protocol was based on consideration of the effects of (1) the accuracy of velocity and transverse area measurement of flow, and (2) signal to noise ratio (SNR) Results (1) Signal intensity (y) determined by MR and the actual flow velocity (x) showed straight line correlation, y=68 914x+357 206, R 2=0 998 (2) As the angle (?) increased, the transverse area of the signal determined by MR also increased, but the value of flow velocity decreased (3) As the flip angle increased, the SNR varied from 5 7 to 11 2 The maximum SNR was obtained with 30?flip angle (4) As the section thickness increased, the SNR and the transverse area of the signal determined by MR slightly increased Conclusions Phase contrast MR imaging is a practical method for measuring volumetric flow rates The angle (?) influenced the accuracy of flow velocity and the measurement of transverse area of flow whereas the flip angle and the section thickness substantially influenced the signal to noise ratio and the transverse area of flow

Objective To investigate the feasibility of labeling mice spleen lymphocytes with superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)and in vitro MR imaging of the labeled cells.Methods Spleen lymphocytes of 5 mice were isolated and then labeled with SPIO of 100,50,25,15,10,5 μg/ml,which was previously prepared with PLL.Prussian blue staining was performed to show the intracellular iron.Cell viability was compared among fresh,labeled and unlabeled cells.Different concentrations of mice spleen lymphocytes were screened using 3.0 T MR on T2WI,T2 * WI and SWI sequences in vitro.Cell viability was compared using independent-sample t test between groups.The MRI values among different groups were compared using one-way ANOVA.Results SPIO prepared with PLL could successfully label mice spleen lymphocytes,the optimum concentration of SPIO was 5 μg/ml.The Prussian blue staining showed intracellular blue spots and a labeling efficiency of(93.6 ± 2.1)％.Three groups of fresh,labeled and unlabeled cells showed a Trypan blue staining result of(94.8 ± 3.1)％,(88.7 ± 2.7)％,and(88.9 ±3.2)％,respectively; no statistically significant difference was found in cell viability between labeled and unlabeled lymphocytes(t =0.281,P ＞ 0.05); however,the cell viability of fresh cells were statistically significant higher than the labeled and unlabeled lymphocytes(t =8.125 and 7.253 respectively,P ＜0.05for all).Among the T2 WI,T2 * WI and SWI sequences under the same concentrations of cells,the SWI sequence was the most sensitive.Conclusions The mice spleen lymphocytes can be effectively labeled with SPIO with no impact on cell viability,and MR can be used to track these labeled cells in vitro.The SWI sequence is the most sensitive.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of adverse reactions to cosmetics in China,and to provide a basis for further supervision.Methods The diagnosis of adverse reactions to cosmetics was according to 7 national standards (GB17149.1-7-1997) including the A general rule for the diagnosis and management of skin diseases induced by cosmetics.Data regarding gender,age,occupation,educational background,disease types,cosmetic types,and so on,were collected from patients with adverse reactions to cosmetics at 13 surveillance sites in China during 2005-2014.A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out.Results During 2005-2014,a total of 13 534 cases of adverse reactions to cosmetics were reported to the monitoring system.Of these cases,95.40％ (12 912/13 534) were female,and 80.85％ were young or middle-aged (20-44 years).Finally,5 446 cases were confirmed to be adverse reactions to cosmetics,among which,94.66％ (5 155/5 466) were contact dermatitis to cosmetics,and 132 were other types that were not included in the A general rule for the diagnosis and management of skin diseases induced by cosmetics.Among these confirmed cases,14 209 cosmetic products were involved,and ordinary skin care products predominated in these products.The proportion of imported cosmetic products (48.79％,6 932/14 209) was slightly higher than that of domestic products (43.21％,6 139/14 209).The number of reported eases increased by 13.16％ per year from 2005 to 2009,but decreased by 17.96％ per year from 2010 to 2014.Conclusion Adverse reactions to cosmetics are a complicated and important public health issue,and effective measures should be taken based on their characteristics.

Objective:To purify a kind of deoxyribonuclease from earthworm Eisenia foetida (named earthworm DNase, EDNase) and study its characteristics. Methods: Acetone precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, SDS-PAGE, CapiUary electrophoresis isoelectric focusing and MALDI-TOP MS were used for the study. Results: This purified protocol improved 137-fold purification and 45.6 % recovery of enzyme activity. The molecular mass of EDNase was estimated to be 63 000. Mg2+ , Mn2+ and Ca2+ were strong inhibitors of EDNase, while Na+ slightly increasd the enzyme activity. The enzyme was completely stable in the pH range from 4. 4 to 5.2 and had a pH optimum of 4.8. The optimum temperature was 37℃ and the enzyme was stable up to 40 ℃. The pI of the enzyme was 6. 20. Km and Vmax for the enzyme were 1.52 g/L and 4. 89 mg/(mL ·min), respectively, with calf thymus DNA as substrate. The enzyme was able to degrade chromosemal DNA, linear λbacteriophage DNA as well as supereoiled plasmid DNA, but didn' t display any RNase activity. Conclusion: This kind of deoxyribonuclease possesses unique characteristics, which is different from the deoxyribonucleases which we have known before.

Objective To discuss the safety and short-term efficacy of MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) for pain palliation of bone metastases patients.Methods Fourteen patients with painful bone metastases were recruited in this prospective study.The treating efficacy was characterized by numerical rating scale (NRS),the brief pain inventory quality of life (BPI-QOL) survey,and Karnosky performance status scale (KPS).Adverse events occurred pre-and post-treatment were analyzed.Normal distributed statistics was analyzed by using paired-samples t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results Fourteen patients were treated with MRgFUS,2 patients dropped out of the study.The NRS ratings are 6.50(4.00),5.00 (5.25),2.50(5.00),2.50(4.75),2.00 (6.00) for pre-treatment,one week,one month,two months,and three months,respectively.Such variances of NRS ratings were statistically significant (Z=-2.773,-2.740,-2.769,-2.675;P＜0.05).The BPI-QOL ratings were (42.42± 8.27),(30.67 ± 12.29),(29.17±15.38),(29.92± 17.67) and (35.67± 19.28),respectively.The BPI-QOL ratings decreased in the first two months after the treatment which is statistically significant (t=3.231,2.820 and 2.453;P＜0.05);whereas for the third month,the BPI-QOL rating was statistically insignificant compared with the one before the treatment (P＞0.05).The KPS ratings were 80(28),80(20),65(45) for pre-treatment,one week and three months after treatment,respectively.Three months after the treatment,the KPS ratings decreased which was statistically significant compared with the one before the treatment (Z=-2.204,P＜0.05).After the treatment,one patient developed deep venous thrombosis,three patients reported lower extremities numbness,two patients had soft tissue edema around the lesions.Conclusions MRgFUS is effective for short-term pain palliation of bone metastases.Such noninvasive technique is safe and can improve patients' living condition.

Skin wounds are global public problems,especially in terms of the difficult healing of chronic wounds,which may seriously affect patients'lives.Most skin-wound animal models are currently established by physical method,and different animal models have different biological characteristics.This review therefore classifies mouse,rat,and other animal models of skin wounds according to the literature,summarizes and analyzes the construction of skin-wound animal models based on physical method and evaluation indicators,and considers the advantages and disadvantages of different animal models,to provide a basis for the rational construction of skin-wound animal models and drug research and development.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to differentiate between transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke using fractional anisotropy and three-dimensional (3D) fiber tractography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained for 45 TIA patients and 33 minor stroke patients. The fractional anisotrophy ratio (rFA) between the lesion and the mirrored corresponding contralateral normal tissue was calculated and analyzed. The spatial relationship between the lesion and the corticospinal tract (CST) was analyzed and the lesion sizes in the minor stroke patients and TIA patients were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 45 TIA patients (49%) revealed focal abnormalities following DWI. The rFA was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the stroke patients (0.71 +/- 0.29) compared to that of the TIA patients (1.05 +/- 0.37). The CST was involved in almost all stroke lesions, but it was not involved in 68% of the TIA lesions. The TIA patients had significantly lower CST injury scores (3.25 +/- 1.75) than did the stroke patients (8.80 +/- 2.39) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that TIA and minor stroke can be identified by analyzing the rFA and the degree of CST involvement, and this may also allow more accurate prediction of a patient's long-term recovery or disability.
Aged ; Anisotropy ; Area Under Curve ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; *Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stroke/*pathology

Objective:To evaluate the biological characters of C57-TgN(HBV adr2.0)SMMU transgenic mice. Methods: Integration,expression,replication and histology change of hepatitis B virus gene in F6 transgenic mice were estimated by ge-nomic DNA PCR,Western blotting,ELISA,immunohistochemistry,serum DNA PCR,transmission electron microscopy and H-E staining. Results: Hepatitis B virus gene was integrated into F6 C57-TgN(HBV adr2. 0)SMMU transgenic mice and expressed HBsAg,HBcAg and X protein in liver tissue. HBsAg and HBeAg were expressed in serum of 19. 54% and 3. 39% F6 transgenic mice. Hepatitis B virus were replicated in serum and liver tissue of transgenic mice. Long-term integration,expression and replication of hepatitis B virus gene induced pathological lesion of transgenic mice liver and lung. Conclusion: C57-TgNCHBV adr2. 0)SMMU transgenic mice line has the biological characters including integration of hepatitis B virus gene into genomic DNA,expression and replication of hepatitis B virus gene in serum and liver, and histological change in liver and lung. It is a valuable animal system to study pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of hepatitis B virus.

Objective To investigate genetic polymorphisms of HPRTB, DXS6803 and DXS6809 STR loci in Tianjin Han female population, and to provide experimental data in the prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies accurately and rapidly. Methods A total of 150 blood samples were collected in Tianjin Han population. QF-PCR and capillary electrophoresis were used in this study. The relevant data were analyzed by ABI Prism GeneMapper v3.0 software. Two homozygotes were se?lected from each locus for sequencing. The frequencies of the genotypes were checked using Chi-square test to verify Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Data of genetic polymorphisms were calculated by PowerStatsV12 software. Results A total of 150 samples were successfully amplified in 24 hours. The 10, 6 and 10 alleles and 22, 12 and 29 genotypes were found respec?tively in HPRTB, DXS6803 and DXS6809 loci. The most common alleles were 14, 13 and 14. The higher frequencies of gen?otypes were 14-14, 12-13 and 13-14. No significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in these three STR loci (χ2=10.554, 5.783 and 15.355, respectively, P>0.05). Values of He were 0.748, 0.649 and 0.806 for these three STR loci respectively. Values of Ho were 0.607, 0.700 and 0.713 respectively. Values of PIC were 0.706, 0.599 and 0.775 respectively. Values of PD were 0.894, 0.814 and 0.931 respectively. And values of PE were 0.299, 0.428 and 0.449 respectively. Conclusion HPRTB, DXS6803 and DXS6809 STR loci were highly polymorphic, which are favorable genetic markers on chromosome X and can be used in rapid prenatal genetic diagnosis.