Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and the mechanism of endostatin on human gastric carcinoma model in nude mice. Methods Athymic mice were injected by in vitro-cultured SGC-7901 human carcinoma cell strain to observe the inhibitory effect of endostatin. Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry stain were used to quantify the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax genes both on mRNA and protein levels. Results The average tumor volume in endostatin group was statistically smaller than control group (P<0.05). The inhibitory rate on the 7~(th), 10~(th), 13~(th), 16~(th) and 19th day was 26.2%, 47.7%, 38.9%, 45.8% and 51.7%, respectively. The results of real time fluorescent quantitative PCR demonstrated that mRNA expression of Bcl-2 in endostatin group was obviously lower than it in control group (P<0.05), however, the expression level of Bax had no statistical difference between these two groups (P>0.05). The results of immonohistochemistry were consistent with PCR. Conclusions Endostatin can inhibit the proliferation of SGC-7901 human gastric carcinoma in athymic mouse model, and the mechanism involves the suppression of Bcl-2 expression.

Objective To understand cognition status about AIDS prevention knowledge of urban and rural residents in Xinjiang Yili state ,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating measures of AIDS publicity ,education ,prevention and control for the fu-ture .Methods For simple random sampling with Database of country infectious diseases special projectsthat Yili state has been successfully uploaded ,obtain the required sample ,then conducted questionnaire survey .Results In 1 101 respondents ,cognition rate about AIDS prevention knowledge of urban and rural residents was 79 .02% ,the higher level regions of AIDS epidemic classifi-cation ,respondent in the higher cognition rate ;the cognition status about blood transmission ,mother-to-child transmission was bet-ter ,the sexual transmission was poorer .Male ,16 to 30 years old ,Uygur ,the higher education level of respondents ,AIDS prevention knowledge in relatively good condition status .Conclusion The cognition status about AIDS prevention knowledge in Xinjiang Yili state basic meet the national standards ,but remains to be improved .We should enhance AIDS prevention knowledge education cope with high age group ,Kazakhs and other ethnic minorities ,low education level of the respondents ,it should also focus on strengthe-ning the publicity education and proper guidance with non-transmission .According to different popular level classification ,publicity and education should be carryed out combined with local actual formulation is more advantageous to measure .

OBJECTIVETo investigate gay identity status of men who have sex with men(MSM) in Xinjiang, and analyze its association with sexual behaviors.

METHODSFrom May to August in 2013, an anonymous questionnaire survey with convenience sampling was conducted among MSM in Urumqi, Kashgar, Aksu and Yining cities of Xinjiang. Those who were ≥ 16 years of age and claimed to have male-to-male sex behaviors were eligible for the survey. A total of 1 467 participants were recruited. Chi square analysis was performed for examining the association between ego-identity, social-identity and relevant sexual behaviors. Selected variables associated with ego-identity, social-identity in the univariate analysis were subsequently assessed in a multivariate analysis using logistic regression.

RESULTSThe MSM with positive ego-identity accounted for 44.7% (656/1 467), and positive social-identity accounted for 29.1% (427/1 467). For ego-identity, Uyghur MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR (95%CI) was 0.43 (0.32-0.58) ) ; those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR (95%CI) was 0.61 (0.47-0.80) );and homosexuals were more positive than bisexuals (OR (95%CI) was 1.98 (1.50-2.61) ). For social-identity, Hui MSM were less positive than Han MSM (OR (95%CI) was 0.61 (0.42-0.88) ); those whose education level was higher than college were less positive than those with junior high education (OR (95%CI) was 0.60 (0.40-0.89) ); famers/herdsmen were more positive than students (OR (95%CI) was 4.17 (2.13-8.17) ); the divorced/widowed were more positive than the singles (OR (95%CI) was 2.40 (1.34-4.29) ); those who were over 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation were less positive than those who were younger than 20 years of age when accepting their sexual orientation (OR (95%CI) was 0.59 (0.44-0.81) ). Among the MSM with negative ego-identity and negative social-identity, the proportion of planning to get married with women was 66.8% (267/400) and 76.5% (306/400), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity (33.2% (133/400)) and positive social-identity (23.5% (94/400)) ; their proportion of intending to have offspring was 62.0% (287/463) and 73.4% (340/463), respectively, which were higher than those with positive ego-identity and social-identity (38.0% (176/463), 26.6% (123/463)) (χ(2) = 39.61 and 7.90, respectively, both P values were <0.05). Among the MSM with negative social-identity, the proportion of looking for male sexual partners in toilets or parks was 18.1% (188/1 040), in bathhouse or sauna was 17.3% (180/1 040), and through internet was 82.0% (853/1 040), which were higher than those with positive social-identity (8.9% (38/427), 9.8% (42/427) and 61.6% (263/427)) (χ(2) = 66.78, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn 2013, the gay identity of MSM in Xinjiang was relatively poor, and the factors associated with it included ethnicity, occupation, marital status and education level. The MSM with negative identity tended to involve in risk sexual behaviors, and had increased risk of HIV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bisexuality ; China ; Data Collection ; Demography ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Self Concept ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Social Identification ; Surveys and Questionnaires

AIM: To investigate the effect of 17? estradiol (17?E 2)on atherosclerosis and hemorrheology in ovariectomized (OVX) rabbits. METHODS: Thirty four female rabbits were divided into 4 groups, group A: normal control; group B: sham+CHO; group C: OVX+CHO; group D: OVX+CHO+17? E 2. Cholesterol(CHO) was fed to rabbits for 12 weeks, before and after feeding CHO, the serum lipid (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA1, ApoB) and area of aortic atherosclerotic plaques were measured. Blood viscosity, plasma viscosity (?p), aggregation index of RBC (AIRC) and fibrinogen were also determined, respectively. RESULTS: ① The ratio of area of aortic atherosclerotic plaque to total area of aortic intima was 0.02?0.003 (in group A), 0.42?0.15 (group B), 0.67?0.23 (group C), and 0.12?0 11 (group D), respectively. In group D, the ratio of aortic atherosclerotic plaque was markedly decreased compared with group C ( P

Objective:To evaluate the biological characters of C57-TgN(HBV adr2.0)SMMU transgenic mice. Methods: Integration,expression,replication and histology change of hepatitis B virus gene in F6 transgenic mice were estimated by ge-nomic DNA PCR,Western blotting,ELISA,immunohistochemistry,serum DNA PCR,transmission electron microscopy and H-E staining. Results: Hepatitis B virus gene was integrated into F6 C57-TgN(HBV adr2. 0)SMMU transgenic mice and expressed HBsAg,HBcAg and X protein in liver tissue. HBsAg and HBeAg were expressed in serum of 19. 54% and 3. 39% F6 transgenic mice. Hepatitis B virus were replicated in serum and liver tissue of transgenic mice. Long-term integration,expression and replication of hepatitis B virus gene induced pathological lesion of transgenic mice liver and lung. Conclusion: C57-TgNCHBV adr2. 0)SMMU transgenic mice line has the biological characters including integration of hepatitis B virus gene into genomic DNA,expression and replication of hepatitis B virus gene in serum and liver, and histological change in liver and lung. It is a valuable animal system to study pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of hepatitis B virus.

Purpose: Cervical cancer is one of the most fatal diseases among women in under-developed countries. To improve cervical cancertreatment, discovery of new targets is needed. In this study, we investigated the expression of NUP210, miR-22, and Fas in cervicalcancer tissues and their functions in cell cycle regulation. Materials and Methods: We detected and compared the expression levels of NUP210, miR-22, and Fas in cervical cancer tissueswith paired normal tissues using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.NUP210 was knocked down in HeLa cells via lentivirus, followed by cell cycle and proliferation analysis. Using a luciferase reporterassay, we explored the link between miR-22 and NUP210. We overexpressed miR-22 in HeLa cells and analyzed cell cycle and proliferationfunction. We then overexpressed miR-22 in NUP210 knockdown cells to explore the connection between Fas and miR-22-NUP210 signaling. Results: We found that NUP210 was overexpressed in cervical cancer patients. Knocking down NUP210 restored cell apoptosisand proliferation. We confirmed miR-22 as a regulator of NUP210 and verified that miR-22 was inhibited in cervical cancer development.We also found that restoring miR-22 expression could induce cell apoptosis. Finally, we found that miR-22-regulated expressionof NUP210 could alter Fas expression and, in turn, elicit cell cycle arrest and proliferation. Conclusion miR-22 in cervical cancer is downregulated, resulting in NUP210 overexpression and inhibition of Fas-induced cellapoptosis.

Objective: To clone mouse rod opsin promoter (ROP) and establish transgenic mice harboring mouse rod opsin promoter and enhanced green fluorescent protein(mROP-EGFP) fusion gene. Methods: Mouse ROP was cloned from C57BL/6 mouse genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression vector of mROP-EGFP fusion gene were constructed by recombination DNA technique. It was identified by restriction endonucleases digestion and confirmed by DNA sequencing. After Not I restriction endonuclease digestion, the coding elements were microinjected into male pronuclei of mice zygotes to generate transgenic mice. The pups were evaluated by PCR at genomic DNA level and mated with normal mouse. Expression of GFP in retina of transgenic mice was detected by fluorescent microscope. Results: 2. 1 kb mouse rod opsin promoter fragment was amplified from mice genome DNA. Expression vector pmROP-EGFP was constructed successfully. Following microinjection of coding sequence of pmROP-EGFP, 3 pups were verified to integrate the mROP-EGFP fusion gene in their genomic DNA by PCR assay, named C57-TgN (mROP-EGFP )SMMU21, C57-TgN (mROP-EGFP)SM-MU26 and C57-TgN(mROP-EGFP) SMMU27. They could express GFP in retina. Conclusion: 2. 1 kb mouse rod opsin promoter is cloned and expression vector pmROP-EGFP is constructed. mROP-EGFP fusion gene transgenic mice are established, which harboring mROP-EGFP gene and expressing GFP in their retina. This is valuable for studying the development of brain and retina, pathogenesis of retina disorder and retina transplanting.

Objective To analyze the sex specific mortality in HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and risk factors in Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region (Xinjiang),and provide evidence for the evaluation of the effect of HAART.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the mortality and survival of 8 061 male cases and 6 001 female cases of HIV infection,who received HAART during July 2004-June 2013 in Xinjiang.The information of the cases were downloaded from national antiretroviral therapy reporting sub-system in national HIV/AIDS reporting system.Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the risk factors of deaths.Results The male cases were older and had lower CD4 value at baseline compared with the female cases.The major transmission route was injecting drug use in males,but sexual contact in females.The overall mortality of the male cases was higher than that of the females,which was 10.87/100 person-years during the first three month after receiving HAART,and 7.00/100 person-years two years later in males,but 4.77/100 person-years during the first three month and 3.00/100 person-years two years later in females.The results from Cox analysis showed that the risk factors were the CD4 value at baseline and transmission route.Compared with the cases who had lower CD4 value (CD4＜200 cells/μl) at baseline,the HR for the cases who had higher CD4 value (CD4 ≥ 350 cells/μl) was 4.08 (95％ CI:2.96-5.62) in males and 5.11 (95％CI:3.16-8.35) in females.Compared with sexual transmission,the HR for IDUs was 1.99 (95％CI:1.66-2.40) in males and 1.77 (95％ CI:1.24-2.52) in females.The results of cumulative survival analysis showed that in conventional treatment group (CD4＜350 cells/μl),the five year survival rates were 81％ and 87％ for the males and females infected through sexual contact and 66％ and 75％ for the males and females infected through injecting drug use,and in early treatment group (CD4≥350 cells/μl),the five year survival rates were 97％ and 98％ for the males and females infected through sexual contact and 86％ and 97％ for the males and females infected through injecting drug use.Conclusion In Xinjiang,the higher mortality in male HIV infection cases receiving HAART was related with lower CD4 value at baseline and higher infection rate through injecting drug use.Besides the weak intention for treatment and poor compliancy would be the deeper risk factors.

Objective To understand the misreporting rate regarding the routes of transmission among the reported HIV patients in Yili prefecture of Xinjiang,since 2011.Methods An investigation focusing on the route of transmission among people living with HIV/AIDS was carried out to clarify the responsible reasons for the situation.Results The overall incorrect reporting rate on the route of transmission was 10.8％.The proportion of heterosexual transmission route was over estimated by 63.8％ to 72.0％.However,the proportion of injecting drug was underestimated by 27.5％ to 22.2％.The number of cases being confirmed as through heterosexual transmission but incorrectly reported was quite high,contributing 82.6％ of all the incorrectly reported cases.Most of the patients that incorrect reported,were moved from injecting drug use to heterosexual transmission,which contributed 79.5％ of all the total incorrectly reported cases.Results from multi-factor analysis showed that the risk related to incorrect reporting was 3.64 times in males than in females.People who anticipated to receive HIV testing were 2.23 times more than those who had not.Old-age groups were 3.511,4.053,4.415 and 6.524 times higher than those people who were aged below 16 years.Conclusions The proportion of heterosexual transmission route was over-estimated while the proportion on injecting drug use was underestimated.However,the transmission pattern had changed from injecting drug use at the early epidemic stage,to current sexual transmission mode.We recommended that more attentions should be paid to patients who were males,at older age or those who had no expectation in receiving the HIV testing,during the initial following-up stage.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the mortality and risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR).

METHODSThe objects of study were all HIV/AIDS adult patients who had received HAART in XUAR. The proceeding information was uploaded to the national ART reporting system which was a branch of the national HIV/AIDS reporting system. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among these patients who were treated during July 2004 to June 2013 in XUAR. Mortality rates and cumulative survival rates were calculated. Cox proportional hazard model was conducted to examine the risk factors for deaths.

RESULTSThe proportion for death, lost, referral and withdrawal were 8.5% (1 200/14 062), 2.5% (351/14 062), 0.9% (121/14 062)and 15.4% (2 162/14 062) respectively. The P25, P50 and P75 of baseline CD4(+)T lymphocyte was 144.00, 244.50 and 331.00/µl, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 4.98/100 person-years. The cumulative survival rate of ART treatment after 1-5 years were 0.94,0.91,0.88, 0.84 and 0.81. The mortality rate had a significant difference among different population. The male (6.58/100 person-years) was higher than the female(2.87/100 person-years), the people who infected tuberculosis (TB) (9.79/100 person-years) was higher than those non TB (4.12/100 person-years), the people whose CD4(+)T lymphocyte count less than 200/µl (7.67/100 person-years) was higher than other groups, the people who were transmitted through injection (7.61/100 person-years) was higher than those sexual transmission (3.10/100 person-years), the people whose HB less than 80 g/L (13.84/100 person-years) was higher than those more than 80 g/L (4.74/100 person-years) (χ(2) values were 154.62, 177.47, 309.73, 228.99 and 84.27. P < 0.01). The risk of death of the one with the baseline CD4(+)T lymphocyte ≤ 200/µl was 3.61 (2.73-4.78) times of the one with the baseline CD4(+)T lymphocyte >350/µl. The risk of death of the one having more than 4 baseline symptom categories was 3.62 (2.42-5.42) times of the one having less than 3 baseline symptom categories. The risk of death of the one with baseline HB ≥ 80 g/L was 2.84 (2.21-3.64) times of the one with the baseline HB <80 g/L. The risk of death of the male was 1.48 (1.25-1.75) times of the female. The risk of death of the one infected TB was 1.39(1.18-1.64) times of the one not infected TB. The risk of death of the one injecting drugs was 1.84 (1.56-2.17) times of the one not injecting drugs.

CONCLUSIONFrom 2004 to 2013, the mortality rate was low among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in XUAR. The mortality risk factors were low CD4 T cell count, having more baseline symptom categories, low HB level, injection drug transmission, male and TB infection, all these factors had positive correlation with death.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Communicable Diseases ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tuberculosis