[Abstract ] Forkhead box(Fox) M1, as a member of the Fox transcription factor family, overexpresses in many kinds of canc-ers and is related to a variety of oncogenic signaling pathways.It plays an important role in the occurrence, progression and metastasis of cancer.FoxM1 has been a new target for cancer therapy research.

Aim To assess the protective role of chry-sophanol in rats with diabetes-associated cognitive de-cline (DACD) and explore the potential molecular mechanisms.Methods The learning and memory performance was assessed by Morris water maze test;the activities of AChE,ChAT,iNOS and oxidative stress markers including CAT,SOD and GSH-PX in the hippocampus were detected using respective com-mercial kits.The level of BDNF was also measured with commercial ELISA kit.Results Chrysophanol significantly improved learning and memory functions in the diabetic groups.Additionally,the activities of AChE,BDNF also found to be evidently increased, while decreased activities of ChAT,iNOS,CAT,SOD and GSH-PX were observed in the hippocampus of dia-betic rats.Conclusions Collectively,chrysophanol has a protective role against DACD and this neuropro-tection is associated with increasing BDNF level.Chry-sophanol can also suppress the activities of iNOS, CAT,SOD and GSH-PX in diabetic rats.It is likely to be a novel therapeutic drug for the treatment of diabetic patients with cognitive deficits in clinical practice.

Objective To identify the morphological characteristics of pelvic diaphragm hiatus in pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence ( SUI) by transperineal three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound.Methods From Oct.2008 to Mar.2009,145 pregnant women (third trimester group) at 37-41 weeks of gestation underwent transperineal 3-D ultrasound investigation at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,the Sixth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University,including 38 pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and the other 107 non SUI pregnant women.In the mean time,50 normal nulliparous healthy women were chosen as control group.The morphological characteristics of pelvic diaphragm hiatus,the diameter of pelvic diaphragm hiatus,pubovisceral muscle thickness and genitohiatal and levator ani angle were measured at rest,on maximum Valsalva and maximum pelvic floor contraction by 3-D ultrasound,respectively.Results Loosen connective tissue and pubococcygeus avulsion were observed in some pregnant women at third trimester.The area of pelvic diaphragm hiatus were (15.2 ±1.9),(16.4 ± 2.0) and (13.6±1.9) cm2,pubovisceral muscle thickness were (0.72 ±0.11),(0.68 ±0.14) and(0.77 ±0.11) cm,levator ani angle were (60 ±8) °,(57±10) ° and (64 ± 14)° at rest,on maximum Valsalva and maximum pelvic floor contraction respectively.These parameters were significantly increased than those in control group[(11.2 ±2.6),(14.5 ±4.5) and (9.2 ±2.6) cm2; (0.66 ±0.10),(0.67 ± 0.14) and (0.71 ±0.14) cm; (50 ±4) °,(51 ±5) ° and (46 ±5)°]at three maneuvers,respectively ( P <0.05).And those parameters of the anteroposterior hiatal diameter,lateral hiatal diameter,perimeter of pelvic diaphragm hiatus and area of pelvic diaphragm hiatus in SUI pregnant women were increased than those in non SUI pregnant women at three maneuvers,respectively (P < 0.05 ).Pubovisceral muscle thickness in SUI pregnant women was significantly lower than that in non SUI pregnant women at maximum pelvic floor contraction (P < 0.05 ),but there were not significant difference between SUI and non SUI pregnant women at rest and on maximum Valsalva in pubovisceral muscle thickness and genitohiatal and levator ani angle (P >0.05).Conclusions Pelvic floor anatomic remodeling is identified in late pregnant women.When compared with non pregnant women,the loosen pelvic floor connective tissue and the bigger diameters of pelvic diaphragm are observed in late pregnant women.It is observed that the increased diameters of pelvic diaphragm and decreased thickness of pubovisceral muscle in later pregnant SUI women than those in non SUI pregnant women.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids+cyclophosphamide+tacrolimus capsules (GC+CTX+FK506) in the treatment of patients with type Ⅲ+V and Ⅳ+Vlupus nephritis. Methods The 31 cases with first diagnosis as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with type Ⅲ+V and Ⅳ+Vlupus nephritis (LN) were selected, then divided into group A (CTX+GC) with 16 cases and group B (FK506+CTX+GC) with 15 cases. The group A received CTX+GC during treatment, group B received GC+CTX+FK506 for the first three months, and received FK506+GC for the last three months. The patients were followed up once monthly to observe the efficacy and safety,the efficacy was analysed after 6 months. Results After treatment, the total efficacy in group B was significantly higher than group A (86.7%vs.50.0%, P<0.05). The 24 h urine protein of group B was lower than group A(P<0.05). The plasma albumin of group B was higher than group A (P<0.05). After treatment, the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) in two groups were lower and C3 level was higher than those pre-treatment(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in above indicators between two groups. There was one case menelipsis in group A, and one case with transient increasing of creatinine. Conclusion The FK506+CTX+GC could reduce urine protein sifnificantly compared with CTX+GC without serious adverse reaction.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of labeling mice spleen lymphocytes with superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)and in vitro MR imaging of the labeled cells.Methods Spleen lymphocytes of 5 mice were isolated and then labeled with SPIO of 100,50,25,15,10,5 μg/ml,which was previously prepared with PLL.Prussian blue staining was performed to show the intracellular iron.Cell viability was compared among fresh,labeled and unlabeled cells.Different concentrations of mice spleen lymphocytes were screened using 3.0 T MR on T2WI,T2 * WI and SWI sequences in vitro.Cell viability was compared using independent-sample t test between groups.The MRI values among different groups were compared using one-way ANOVA.Results SPIO prepared with PLL could successfully label mice spleen lymphocytes,the optimum concentration of SPIO was 5 μg/ml.The Prussian blue staining showed intracellular blue spots and a labeling efficiency of(93.6 ± 2.1)％.Three groups of fresh,labeled and unlabeled cells showed a Trypan blue staining result of(94.8 ± 3.1)％,(88.7 ± 2.7)％,and(88.9 ±3.2)％,respectively; no statistically significant difference was found in cell viability between labeled and unlabeled lymphocytes(t =0.281,P ＞ 0.05); however,the cell viability of fresh cells were statistically significant higher than the labeled and unlabeled lymphocytes(t =8.125 and 7.253 respectively,P ＜0.05for all).Among the T2 WI,T2 * WI and SWI sequences under the same concentrations of cells,the SWI sequence was the most sensitive.Conclusions The mice spleen lymphocytes can be effectively labeled with SPIO with no impact on cell viability,and MR can be used to track these labeled cells in vitro.The SWI sequence is the most sensitive.

Objective To study the whole genome DNA methylation changes induced by low dose radiation (LDR) in mouse,and mRNA expression profiles of DNMT1 and MBD2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and tissues.Methods Thirty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:control,single exposure (0.5 Gy),and fractionated exposure of 6 MV X-rays for 10 d (0.05 Gy/d × 10 d).Control mice were sham-treated.To determine the immediate (early) effect of irradiation,15 mice (5/group) were sacrificed 2 h after the last irradiation.The other 15 mice were sacrificed 1 month after the last irradiation (delayed effect).Before sacrifice,blood was sampled immediately.Kidney,liver,spleen,brain and lung tissues were collected.A global DNA methylation quantification Kit and highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to investigate the methylation level in blood DNA.The expressions of DNMT1 and MBD2 were determined by RT-PCR.Results For the early effects of irradiation,as compared with controls,fractionated exposure to X-ray irradiation led to the significant depression of global DNA methylation level in blood (t =10.19 and 8.93,P ＜ 0.05).DNMT1 and MBD2 mRNA were down-regulated in PBMC,kidney and liver (t =5.06,3.01,3.97,12.25,3.50 and 3.73,P ＜0.05),and MBD2 was also down-regulated in spleen (t =3.03,P ＜ 0.05).However,no changes were observed in single exposed group.As for the delayed effects,the methylation levels of blood were not changed in the single or fractionated exposed groups,and only MBD2 mRNA was down-regulated in PBMC and brain of fractionated exposed group (t =3.52 and 2.85,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Fractionated LDR exposure can induce genome DNA hypomethylation,which is tissue-specific,and may be related with down-regulation of DNMT1 and MBD2.

Objective The invasion and metastasis of colon cancer often leads to treatment failure and mortality in patients . Our research is to investigate the influence of FoxM 1 to malignant human colon cancer line . Methods In two human colon cancer lines, the protein and mRNA expression levels of FoxM 1 were analyzed with the application of RT-PCR and Western blot , from which high-expressed HT-29 and low-expressed HCT-116 were determined.The expression of FoxM1 was down-regulated by RNA interfering in HT-29 and up-regulated by constructing overexpression transgenic line in HCT-116.The proliferation of the above cells was assayed by healing method;while the metastasis and invasion ability were examined by Transwell chamber assay . Results Two colon cancer lines were selected with high-expression or low-expression of FoxM1 separately named HT-29 and HCT-116.Application of PEX-2-FoxM1 raised after HCT-116 cells express FoxM1, cell scratches in HCT-116 experimetal group ([70.92 ±1.48]%) compared with HCT-116 control group([16.92 ±4.05]%)and HCT-116 blank control group([16.66 ±2.63]%) will markedly enhance its capabil-ity of healing (P<0.05), Transwell Chambers in membrane cells in HCT-116 experimetal group (186.0 ±6.8) compared with HCT-116 control group(42.0 ±2.0) and HCT-116 blank control grou (37.0 ± 2.2)was increased (P<0.05).On the other hand, the applied pG-PH-shFoxM1 can reduce FoxM1 expression in HT-29 cell, cell scrat-ches healing ability in HT-29 experimetal group ( [ 10 .37 ± 3.86]%) compared with HT-29 control group([34.63 ±2.35]%)and HT-29 blank control group([67.36 ±2.61]%) decreased significantly (P<0.05), Transwell Chambers in membrane cells in HT-29 experimetal group (53.0 ±1.8)compared with HT-29 control group(95.0 ±2.2)and HT-29 blank control grou(118.0 ±4.0) was also reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of FoxM1 is in close relation to the invasion and metastasis of CRC .The fact that the siRNA interfering FoxM1 could effectively inhibit the proliferation, metastasis and invasion, suggesting FoxM1 could po-tentially be a new molecular target for inhibiting the proliferation of human colon cancer line .

Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) has become an essential part of perioperative management for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, it is controversial about the indication of PBD. There are three main PBD methods, including percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and endoscopic biliary stenting. At present, different centers have different preferences on PBD, and the controversies mainly focus on the followings: the relationship between percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and seeding metastasis; the success rate, tolerance and pancreatitis risk of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; as an internal drainage, the merits and demerits of endoscopic biliary stenting. Additionally, whether PBD could increase the incidence of postoperative infections is still ambiguous. This review summarizes the recent scenario about the above-mentioned controversies to provide references for clinical decision-making.

Background and Objectives: The application of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) in skin repair has attracted much attention nowadays. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) participates in the progress of skin proliferation, differentiation and so forth. We aimed to explore the role of EGF in the proliferation, invasion, migration and transdifferentiation into epidermal cell phenotypes of ADSCs. Methods: and Results: ADSCs were extracted from adipose tissues from patient. Immunophenotyping was determined by flow cytometry. Overexpressed EGF or siEGF was transfected by lentiviruses. EGF was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blot. ADSCs and HaCaT cells were co-cultured by Transwell chambers. Conditioned medium (CM) was obtained from cultured HaCaT cells and used for the culturing of ADSCs. Cell viability was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Invasion rate was measured by Transwell invasion assay and migration rate by wound healing test. mRNA and protein levels were measured by qPCR and western blot respectively. The extracted cells from adipose tissues were identified as ADSCs by morphology and immunophenotyping. The expression of EGF was up or down regulated constantly in HaCaT cell line after transfection. EGF overexpression upregulated the proliferation, migration and invasion rates of ADSCs, and EGF expression regulated the expression of cytokeratin-19 (CK19) and integrin-β as well. Conclusions EGF could be served as a stimulus to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as the transdifferentiation into epidermal stem cell immunophenotyping of ADSCs. The results showed that EGF had a promising effect on the repair of skin wound.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 55 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who were treated by of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeons at the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between December 2010 and August 2017.Results There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two drainage methods (P＞0.05).Morbidity after drainage was significantly higher in the ENBD group than the PTBD group (86.7％ vs 28.0％,P＜0.05).24 patients in the ENBD group developed postERCP pancreatic complications which included hyperamylasemia (n =20) and pancreatitis (n =4).All these patients responded well to conservative treatment.A patient in the PTBD group developed catheter tract tumor implantation.There were no significant differences in the surgical outcomes and in the different Clavien-Dindo grades of complications (P＞0.05).Abdominal infection after surgery was more common in the PTBD group than the ENBD group (64.3％ vs 26.3％,P＜0.05).Conclusion As PTBD caused catheter tract tumor implantation and increased the incidence of abdominal infection after surgery,ENBD was recommended for patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma treated in a tertiary medical center.