Objective To evaluate the performance of bispectral index (BIS),auditory evoked potential index (AEPI) and cardiovascular response to electrical tetanus stimulus (ETS) for monitoring depth of sedation induced by propofol , analgesia produced by fenanyl and depth of isoflurane anesthesia. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes (11 males,9 females) aged 18-56 yr, weighing 50-80 kg undergoing elective brain surgery were studied. The patients were unpremedicated. The baseline BIS, AEPI, BP(SP, DP) and HR were measured before anesthesia. Propofol was infused at 0.25 mg?kg-1?min-1 and the infusion was stopped when the total amount of propofol infused reached 5 mg?kg-1 at the end of 20 min infusion. Fentanyl 2 ?g?kg-1 was then given i.v. Three minutes later the patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Tracheal intubation was facilitated by vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. Depth of sedation was measured using OAA/S scale during propofol infusion. ETS was given at the following time points: when the amount of propofol infused reached 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 mg?kg-1,2 min after fentanyl administration and at 0.7, 1.0, 1.3 MAC isoflurane (end-tidal isoflurane concentration). BIS and AEPI values before and after ETS and changes in BP and HR (ABP, AHR) after ETS and the time for BP and HR to return to the pre-ETS value in 50% and 90% of the patients (TBP50%,TBP90%,THR50%,THR90% ) were recorded. Results BIS and AEPI were positively correlated with sedation depth. There were no significant changes in BIS and AEPI after ETS, but SP, DP and HR increased significantly after ETS( P

Objective To explore the relation between prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and the mechanosensitivity of osteoblasts and to analyze its action mechanism in cellular level .Methods Osteoblasts cell line MC3T3-E1 cells were performed the pre-treatment by using 16 ,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2(dmPGE2) .Then the regulating effect of PGE2 on intracellular calcium ion signal was ob-served;the activator agent and inhibitor of the protein kinase A (PKA) signal path were adopted to detect the participating effect of the PKA signal path in the regulating process .Results Compared with the blank treatment group ,dmPGE2 pre-treatment signifi-cantly increased the calcium ion signal intensity induced by hypotonic swelling stimulation in MC 3T3-E1 cells .This effect of dmPGE2 was mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP(8br-cAMP) ,an activator of PKA pathway ;but blocked by PKI ,an inhibitor of PKA pathway .Conclusion dmPGE2 is able to up-regulate the calcium response induced by hypotonic swelling stimulation by activating PKA pathway ,which provides an important cellular mechanism for explaining PGE2′s anabolic effect in bone tissue .

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Conditions of Learning Effectiveness Questionnaire (CLEQ). Methods To translate and revise the Chinese version of CLEQ. A total of 176 baccalaureate nursing students were surveyed by the Chinese version of CLEQ and the results about the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of CLEQ were assessed. Results Cronbach's α of the total Chinese version of CLEQ was 0.956. Cronbach's α of four subscales were all over 0.70. The internal consistency was good. The reliability of Split half was 0.926 and retest reliability was 0.869. CVI of the four subscales were 0.91～1.00. The average CVI of the scale was 0.94. There were significant relationships among subscales. The correlation coefficient was 0.691～0.829. Four common factors were found through factor analysis, which explained the percent of 61.63% rotation sums of squared loadings. Conclusions The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of CLEQ were good, so it could be used to evaluate the level of clinical learning environment among nursing students.

Objective To study the changes in cortical activation of frontal lobes and temporal lobes between schizophrenic patients and comparison subjects during a verbal fluency task by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods Thirteen schizophrenic patients and 8 volunteers were studied during a verbal fluency task performance. fMRI of frontal lobes and temporal lobes was conducted at a GE 1.5 T Signa Horizon LX scanner while the subjects performed the task. Stimulus sequences were divided into six 30-second segments by using a task-activation paradigm that alternated between resting and stimulated states. Results Schizophrenic subjects demonstrated significantly less left frontal activation than comparison subjects during a word fluency task, and comparison subjects showed evidently more activation in left frontal lobes than in the right (P0.05). Conclusion These preliminary data suggest that fMRI has the sensitivity to detect the differences in activation between comparison subjects and schizophrenic patients during higher cortical functions.

Objective To detect the expression of AKT2 in human colon cancer and understand its relationship with PTEN.Methods The expressions of AKT2 and PTEN were detected in 30 patients with normal colonic tissues,30 patients with colon adenoma tissues,and 64 patients with colon carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemical SP staining method.Results The positive expressive rate of PTEN presented a trend of progressive decrease from normal tissues,adenoma tissues to colon carcinoma tissues,while the positive expression rate of AKT2 presented a trend of progressive increase.PTEN expression was obviously higher in normal colon tissues than in colon adenoma tissues and colon cancer tissues(?2=68.855,P

Described in this paper are the new development trends of LibQual+in foreign libraries, such as its modified analysis techniques, its perfected analysis methods, integrated LibQual+and other evaluation tools, further application of LibQual+evaluation analysis results.The successful application of LibQual+data analysis in University of California and University of York is a good inspiration to the domestic libraries.

Objective To evaluate the value of Compas technique( computed optimun method for profile angle of singht,Compas) in displaying intracranial aneurysms. Methods DSA images of 31 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosed by CT were studied. The DSA images in routine A-P and Lateral projections were compared with the images obtained by Compas technique in the same equipment. Results 23 of 31 were diagnosed as intracranial aneurysms by Compas and confirmed by operation, while only 5 were diagnosed definitely with routine A-P & Lateral projections. The other 18 studies were discovered as blurred margin of the artery but indefinite for the diagnosis of aneurysms. There is a statistical difference between the two methods. ?~2=14.93,P

Objective To develop a clinical practice satisfaction scale for the nursing interns,and to test its reliability and validity.Methods Original scale was formed on the basis of literature review and existing clinical practice satisfaction measurement tools of nursing interns.Totally 270 nursing interns of six tertiary first-class hospitals were investigated with the clinical practice satisfacfion scale of nursing intern by convenience sampling.SPSS13.0 and AMOS 17.0 were used to test the reliability and validity.Then the original scale was modified and the eventual scale was formed.Results The Cronbach's Alpha between each entries and the total scale were 0.548～0.752.The Cranbach's Alpha of total scale was 0.965and the split-half reliability of Guttman was 0.885.Five factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and they could explain 65.307％ of the total variance.The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit of the first and second order,and the fit indices x2/df,GFI,AGFI,RMR,RMSEA,NFI,CFI,TLI were 1.176/1.095,0.893/0.900,0.856/0.864,0.034/0.033,0.026/0.019,0.918/0.924,0.987/0.993,0.983/0.991.Conclusions The clinical practice satisfaction scale of nursing intern is reliable and valid,and can be used to assess the clinical practice satisfaction of nursing intern.

Aim To investigate the role of TNF-αin propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and long-term cog-nitive impairment in neonatal rats .Methods Seven-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:Control group ( n =12 ) , P ( single ) group ( n =6 ):propofol 50 mg · kg -1 was injected intraperitoneally (ip.)once;P(repeated) group(n=6):propofol 50 mg · kg -1 was injected ip.once daily, and for seven times. Hippocampal TNF-αlevel was measured 2 hours after propofol anesthesia , there were two time points(n=6) in Control group as control levels (post-natal day 7 for P ( single ) group and postnatal day 13 for P ( repeated ) group ) .In another experiment , 7-day-old rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:Con-trol group; P ( single ) group; P ( repeated ) group; P ( single ) +ETN group: ETN ( etanercept ) 0.4 mg · kg -1 was injected intracerebroventricularly 30 min be-fore propofol administration; P ( repeated ) +ETN group:ETN 0.4 mg· kg -1 was injected intracerebrov-entricularly 30 min before the 1st and 4th administration of propofol , which was injected ip .for seven times , once daily .Hippocampal neuronal apoptosis was detec-ted at postnatal day 7 [ P ( repeated ) and P ( repeated )+ETN groups not involved at this time point ] , 13, 21 and 35 , cognitive function was measured at postnatal day 36 to 41 using Morris water maze test .Results Propofol with different exposure times could increase hippocampal TNF-αlevels(P<0.05,P<0.01);in P ( single ) group, active caspase-3 positive neurons in hippocampal pyramidal cell layer were much greater than control level only at postnatal day 7 ( P<0.05 ) , there were no changes of escape latency or platform crossing times compared with control ( P>0.05 );in P ( repeated ) group, active caspase-3 positive neurons were more significantly increased at postnatal day 13, 21 and 35 than those in control group ( P<0.01 ) , es-cape latency was increased or platform crossing times were decreased more significantly than control in Morris water maze test ( P <0.01 ); after etanercept was ad-ministered intracerebroventricularly , there were no sig-nificant changes of active caspase-3 positive neurons , escape latency and platform crossing times after propo-fol anesthesia compared with control ( P>0.05 ) .Con-clusion TNF-αmediates hippocampal neuronal apop-tosis and long-term cognitive impairment induced by propofol in neonatal rats , and long-term cognitive im-pairment may be related with persistent neuronal apop-tosis.

Objective:To assess the effect of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with different postoperative analgesics on prognosis after colorectal surgery. Methods:A total of 460 colorectal cancer patients (TNMⅠ-Ⅱ) who underwent elective surgery within January 2010 to December 2012 in Chongqing Cancer Hospital were randomly divided into five groups for PCIA with sufentanil, dezocine, butorphanol, morphine, and tramadol. We evaluated the analgesic efficacy, detected NK cell activity and Th1/Th2 ratio from peripheral blood, and observed short-term complications and long-term cancer recurrence and metastasis. Healthy volunteers served as the control group. Results:The morphine group displayed a VAS score of less than 3 in the rest state and showed the longest hospital stay and the highest incidence of pruritus (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was the highest in the tramadol group (P<0.05). NK cel activity and Th1/Th2 ratio decreased in al experimental groups after surgery. NK activity and Th1/Th2 ratio returned to the control level 7 days after surgery in the tramadol and sulfentanil groups and 14 days after surgery in the dezocine and butorphanol groups (P>0.05), whereas those in the morphine group remained low (P<0.05). The incidences of cancer recurrence and metastasis were ranked as follows:morphine>butorphnol>dezocine>sufentanil>tramadol. Conclusion:Tramadol and sufentanil used in PCIA after colorectal surgery could facilitate the recovery of immune function and reduced the incidence of recurrence and metastasis.