As a possible pathogen of blepharitis,Demodex is gradually known by ophthalmologists.Demodex is one of the permanent small parasitic mites in human hair follicle and sebaceous glands,with high infective rate in human body.There are two kinds of Demodex that colonized in human eyelid:Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis.The life cycle of Demodex is about 14.5 days.There have been different views on Demodex as the cause of blepharitis.We performed a deep research on the pathogenic characteristics of Demodex and explored the relationship between blepharitis and Demodex.The clinical diagnose methods and diagnose criteria were also summarized to improve the clinical understanding of Demodex blepharitis,which provides a useful clue for the prevention and management of this disease.

Pesticide played an important role in agriculture. With the increase of pesticides in recent years,they have easily gone into the aquatic environment through some ways such as rain or surface water. The residual pesticide in the water may destroy the aquatic ecosystems,do harm to the aquatic organisms and human health,now more and more attention has been paid to the situation of the pesticide pollution in the aquatic environment. This present paper introduced the type of common pesticide residues in the water in China, it also described the pesticide pollution situation in rivers,groundwater,marine and other water as well as the potential impact of pesticide on the aquatic organisms and human health,in order to provide a basis for China to carry out relative research.

Objective To study the application value of chest low-dose spiral CT for the screening of lung cancer in physical examinees . Methods The data of physical examinees that underwent chest low-dose CT for screening of lung cancer from January 2013 to January 2016 was analyzed, the index included the correlation between age and sex with the detection rate of lung nodules and the detection rate of lung cancer, pathological types and clinical stages of lung cancer and so on. Results 9762 physical examinees underwent chest low-dose spiral CT, the detection rates of pulmonary nodules and lung cancer were 58.16%(5678/9762) and 0.34 % (33/9762) respectively. The detection rate of lung cancer increased with the age, the highest detection rate [1.13 % (8/709)] of lung cancer was found in 80 years old and above, the rate in 60-69 years old group was 0.36%(6/1641). In 33 cases of lung cancer, there were 22 cases in stage Ⅰ, 5 cases in stageⅢ, and 6 cases in stage Ⅳ. Early diagnosis rate was 66.67 % (22/33). Compared with the conventional thoracic spiral CT, the low-dose chest CT had loner radiation dose (P<0.05), and the image can meet the diagnostic requirement. Conclusions Chest low-dose spiral CT has great advantages in the detection of pulmonary nodules and early stage lung cancer. The application of low-dose CT in physical examinees, especially in high-risk groups of lung cancer, can improve the positive rate of lung cancer screening.

Objective To study the effects of Poly(I:C) on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells viability and illuminate the mechanism of Poly (I:C)-induced apoptosis in A549 cells.Methods A549 cells were transfected with the complex of Poly(I:C) and lipofectamine 3000.The viability of A549 cells was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTF) method.The apoptotic cells were tested by flow cytometry.The caspase proteins were tested by Western blotting and the expressions of interferon-β (IFN-β) and CXCL-10 were assayed by real-time PCR.After employing the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK,the variation of Poly (I:C) proapoptosis in A549 cells was observed.RNA interfering experiments were employed to knock down melanoma differentiation related antigen 5 (MDA5) or retinoic acidinduced gene Ⅰ (RIG-Ⅰ),and the above indexes were tested.Results The viability of A549 cells was significantly reduced to 74.92％ ±--6.24％ after 200 ng/ml Poly (I:C) transfection compared with that before transfection (95.32％ ± 3.05％,t =2.883,P =0.041).The apoptotic rates induced by 100,200,400 ng/ml Poly(I:C) were 9.97％-± 0.88％,23.63％-± 1.41％,32.57％-± 2.39％,respectively.All of them were higher than that in the control group (0.74％-± 0.15％),with significant differences (t =4.489,P =0.002;t =11.616,P =0.000;t =16.932,P =0.000).Besides,the death receptor pathway proteins such as TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL),cleaved-caspase-8 and cleaved-caspase-3 increased obviously.MDA5/RIG-Ⅰ pathway was also activated dramatically and the expressions of IFN-β,CXCL-10 were significantly up-regulated.The apoptotic rates reduced to 3.17％ ± 0.66％,5.35％ ± 0.64％ with pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK pretreatment,compared with the control group (15.87％ ±0.93％),and the differences were statistically significant (t =8.643,P =0.001;t =6.824,P =0.002).Moreover,the expressions of TRAIL,IFN-β and CXCL-10 induced by Poly (I:C) were inhibited with MDA5 or RIG-Ⅰ depletion.Conclusion Poly(I:C) can reduce the survival rate of A549 cells and promote the apoptosis mainly by activating the death-receptor pathway mediated by MDA5/RIG-Ⅰ probably,which may involve in IFN-β,CXCL-10.

Objective To acquire glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) cDNA from tissues of human muscle by RT-PCR, and to clone and express GLUT4 cDNA in E.coli. Methods GLUT4 cDNA primers were designed first and ascertained by detecting through Genbank on NCBI and DNA Star, then by using specific primers, the subjective cDNA segment was acquired by RT-PCR from human tissue. After that, it was cloned into cloning vector of pGEM-3zf(-) and sequenced automatically. Finally the subjective cDNA was cloned into vector of pBV220 and expressed in E.coli. Results The desired DNA could be acquired from tissues of human muscle by RT-PCR using special primers, the acquired cDNA fragment could be cloned into vector of pGEM-3zf(-) and sequenced. The GLUT4 cDNA sequence was highly conserved. GLUT4 cDNA could be expressed in E.coli, too. Conclusion The entire GLUT4 cDNA can be acquired from human muscular tissue by RT-PCR, and it can be expressed in E.coli.

Objective To induce skin cancer in BALB/c mice using DMBA as initiator and TPA as tumor promot-er. Through optimizing the doses and frequencies of DMBA administration to establish a stable skin cancer model with less time and causing less skin damage. Methods Shaving the back of mice to expose a piece of skin around 2 cm × 2 cm. The mice were divided into a blank control group and four treatment groups randomly. These four groups were given 1, 2, 4, 7 times 100μg/100μL DMBA/acetone, respectively, in the first week, and twice 4μg/100μL TPA/acetone per week in the next 11 weeks. The body weight changes, time of tumor formation and number of tumors formed were recorded during the experiment. The mice were sacrificed at 12th week and samples of tumor tissue and adjacent normal skin tissue were taken for pathological examination using HE staining. Results Tumors were observed at the 7th week in the group with once DMBA administration in the first week and at the 4th week in the group with twice DMBA administration in the first week. Skin cancers were formed also in the group with 4?time DMBA administration in the first week, however, with signif?icantly more severe skin damages. The mice receiving DMBA everyday in the first week died at the 3th week. Conclusions The best induction protocol for skin cancer in BALB/c mice should be twice DMBA in the first week followed by twice TPA

Objective To observe the alteration of bone metabolism and to study the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and factors in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Methods The biochemical markers of bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the right femur, parameters of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound(QUS), blood partial pressure and pulmonary functions in 39 male patients with COPD and 30 controls were measured. Results The broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) and the speed of sound (SOS), BMD of the lumbar spines and the femur were significantly lower than that in control group. The biochemical markers of bone metabolism such as HOP/Cr, Ca/Cr, and PTH in the COPD group was significantly raised than that in control group〔(60 2?7 0)dB/MHz vs (66 5?4 9)dB/Mhz,(1 328 4?41 5)m/s vs (1 505 8?26 9)m/s,23% vs 34%,21% vs25%〕. The serum levels of Testosterone(T) reduced significantly ( P

Objective To assess the accuracy and safety of medical thoracoscopy(MT)in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.Methods We evaluated 52 patients who were suspected tuberculous pleural effusion.The diagnosis rate and complications of medical thoracoscopy was assessed.Results About 33 of 52 patients were tuberculous pleural effusion.Twenty-nine cases were diagnosed by medical thoracoscopy,and the diagnostic rate was 88%.Under the thoracoscope,clinical manifestations of these pa-tients with tuberculous pleuritic were miliary nodules in 23 cases (70%),fiber cord-like adhesions in 12 cases (36%),extensive wrapped with fiber deposition in 7 cases(21%),and white scar in 5 cases (1 5%).All complication was relived or caused,and 1 case of gas embolism was the most serious one.Conclusion Medical thoracoscopy was a method with high diagnostic value and safety in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of lentinan combined with conventional antituberculous therapy in women with pelvic tuberculosis.Methods A total of 90 women with pelvic tuberculosis were enrolled and recruited into a control group and a treatment group by random number table,45 in each group.The control group was treated with anti-tuberculosis program (2HRZE/4HRE),while the treatment group was treated with lentinan tablets on the basis of the control group.Both groups were treated for 6 months.Serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) were determined before and after treatment,and the therapeutic effect was evaluated.Results After treatment,the serum CA125 level (28.61 ± 9.08 U/ml vs.39.72 ± 12.13 U/ml;t=4.919,P＜0.01) and the ESR (36.13 ± 8.33 mm/h vs.41.35 ± 12.45 mm/h;t=2.338,P＜0.05) in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The negative rate of serum CA125 after treatment than before treatment in the treatment group (93.3％ vs.20.0％;X2=46.335,P＜0.01) and the control group (82.2％ vs.8.9％;X2=37.396,P＜0.01);but there was no difference in negative rate of serum CA125 after treatment between two groups (X2=1.6571,P=0.198).The total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (93.3％ vs.77.8％;X2=4.406,P=0.036).Conclusion Lentinan combined with conventional antituberculous therapy is effective in treatment of pelvic tuberculosis in women.

Objective To evaluate the short -term efficacy and adverse reactions of gemcitabin combined with nedaplatin to patients with metastatic triple -negative breast cancer after taxane and/or anthracycline treatment. Methods Thirty -three patients with anthracycline and/or taxane -resistant metastatic triple -negative breast cancer received gemcitabin and nedaplatin regimen:gemcitabin 1 000 mg/m2,d1,8 days,intravenous;nedaplatin 80mg/m2,d1,intravenous.Treatments were repeated every 21 days and response rate was evaluated every two cycles. Results Of 33 patients, complete remission ( CR) in 1 case ( 3.03%), partial remission ( PR) in 13 cases (39.39%),stable disease(SD) in 11 cases(33.33%),progressive disease(PD) in 8 cases(24.24%),objective response rate was 42.42%.The main adverse reaction was bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reaction. Conclusion Combination therapy of gemcitabin and nedaplatin is an effective and well tolerated rescue regimen in anthracycline and/or taxane -resistant metastatic triple -negative breast cancer patients.