AIM:To investigate the immune depressive effect on the reactive T cells and to explore the immunologic injury mechanism of beta cells of islet in type 1 diabetes mellitus(DM-1).METHODS:pAd5/PD-L1-GPI adenovirus vector with target gene was constructed and transfected into NIT cells which are known as a mouse insuloma cell line.The highly expressed membrane protein of PD-L1-GPI was confirmed by Western blotting.The peripheral blood non-adherence lymph leukocytes and target cells were cultured to detect lymph leukocyte proliferation and the T cell function.The level of IL-2,TNF-? and IFN-? were detected in the cell culture fluid.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the NIT cells modified with PD-L1-GPI inhibited the sensitized lymph leukocyte proliferation effectively and down-regulated the level of some cytokine secretions such as IL-2,IFN-? and TNF-?(P

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the curative effects,adverse drug reactions(ADRs)and cost—effectiveness of 3 kinds of nitroimidazole drugs for treatment of trichomonal vaginitis.METHODS:111 cases of trichomonal vaginitis were randomly divided into 3 groups,administered with metronidazol(group A),tinidazole (group B),and ornidazol(group C)respectively,the curative effects and ADRs were observed and cost-effectiveness analysis was made in all groups.RESULTS:The costs in 3 groups were 0.74 yuan,33.6 yuan and 41.2 yuan respectively.The cure rates were 59.4%,81.6%and 97.2%,respectively.The cost-effectiveness ratios were 0.01,0.41,and 0.42 respectively.The increment cost -effectiveness ratios in group B and C were 1.48 and 1.07,as compared with group A.The occurrences of ADRs were 62.2%,18.4%,and11.1%respectively.CONCLUSION:Among 3 regimes,regime C is the preferred one.

Objective To observe the changes of body weight,fat mass and skeletal muscle mass of rats after 4 weeks of intermittent fasting,and explore relationship with autophagy in skeletal muscle,so as to provide theoretical basis for intermittent fasting.Method Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (Con) and an intermittent fasting group (IF),each of 10.The rats of IF group were forbidden to eat food every Wednesday and Friday,and the body weight of both groups was recorded weekly.After 4 weeks,Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorption (DEXA) was used to analyze the body fat mass,then the bilateral soleus was separated to record the wet weight and measure the cross-sectional area of the soleus fibers by testing laminin with immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope.The form of autophagic vacuole of soleus was observed using a transmission electron microscopy.The expression of autophagy-related protein LC3,p62 and regulating protein AMPK,pAMPK and ULK1 were measured using Western blotting.Result After 4 weeks of intermittent fasting,the weight and fat mass of IF were significantly lower than those of Con (P＜0.01),but there were no significant differences between them in wet weight and cross-sectional area of soleus (P＞0.05).The expressions of AMPK,p-AMPK,ULK1 in IF were significantly higher than those in Con (P＜0.01).Compared with Con,the expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ of IF increased significantly,while the expression of p62 decreased significantly (P＜0.01).Conclusion Four weeks of intermittent fasting decreases the fat mass significantly,and control the weight efficiently.Intermittent fasting can maintain the skeletal muscle mass by promoting moderate autophagy through the AMPK-ULK1 pathway.It should be a potential lose weight method for further research.

Objective:To explore the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/dele‐tion (I/D) polymorphism and familial essential hypertension (EH) .Methods :Fluorescent in situ hybridization stai‐ning DNA sequencing test was used to detect ACE gene I/D genotype frequency and allele frequency in 46 familial EH patients (familial EH group) ,64 EH patients without family history (non‐familial EH group) and 43 healthy people (healthy control group) .Results:In healthy control group ,non -familial EH group ,familial EH group ACE gene DD genotype frequency was 11.6% ,32.3% and 37.0% ;distribution frequency of D allele was 33.7% , 52.3% and 57.6% respectively .Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in ACE gene DD genotype and D allele frequency in familial EH group and non -familial EH group (P<0.05 or <0.01) ,but there were no significant difference between familial EH group and non‐familial EH group (P>0.05) .Conclusion:ACE gene DD genotype and D allele may be genetic predisposing genes of patients with essential hypertension ,and there is no significant difference in genetic constituent ratio between familial EH patients and non‐familial EH patients .

BACKGROUND:Metabolic syndrome greatly harms the human body, and is affected by many factors. Through constructing diet-induced animal models, we can better analyze the relationship between nutritional factor and metabolic syndrome, and provide reliable references for the clinical treatment of this disorder. OBJECTIVE:To construct obese mouse models with high-fat diet feeding and discuss the relationship between nutritional factor and metabolic syndrome. METHODS:Thirty mice were selected and randomly divided into model group (n=20) and control group (n=10), and were fed with high-fat and normal animal feeds for 10 consecutive weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, after 1 week of feeding with high-fat animal feeds, body weight of mice in the model group raised, and differences gradualy increased with the feeding time increased. After 8 weeks of feeding, body mass index of mice in the model group significantly raised (P < 0.05). After 4 weeks of feeding, fasting venous blood glucose level of mice in the model group significantly raised, and showed a gradual rise trend with feeding time. After 5 weeks of feeding, fasting insulin level of mice in the model group also began to rise. The oral glucose tolerance test showed that mice in the model group showed a gradual downward trend of glucose tolerance with feeding time. After 8 weeks of feeding, serum levels of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the model group significantly raised (P < 0.05). After 10 weeks of feeding, serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the model group raised (P< 0.05). The results demonstrate that obese mouse models were successfuly constructed with high-fat diet feeding, which can simulate the natural progression of metabolic syndrome in human, moreover, the nutritional factor is closely related to metabolic syndrome.

0.05).CONCLUSION:Niaoxue Mixture has a good effect on treating primary glomerular hematuria as new medicine.

Objective To evaluate risk factors of hepatectomy for patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Clinical data of 310 large HCC cases receiving hepatctomy were analyzed retrospectively. Results Hepatitis B infection rate was 60.7% in this group with cirrhosis rate of 66.8%. Tumor size averaged at (9.4?3.8) cm in diameter. Child A grade was found in 51.0% of cases, Child B in 36.8% and Child C in 12.3%. Pringle′s procedure, semi-liver blood occlusion and modified Heaney procedure were used in 31.6%, 11.0% and 2.3% of cases respectively, with occlusion time of ( 17?8) min, (25?9) min and (20?10) min, respectively. Left lateral lobectomy, left hemihepatectomy, right hemihepatectomy and segmentectomy were performed in 17.1%, 11.6%, 9.0%, and 62.3% cases, respectively. Blood loss, blood transfusion and operation duration were (820?1 151) ml, (966?945) ml and (182?74) min, respectively. The overall morbidity and liver failure were 22.3%, and 5.8%, respectively, with an operative mortality of 2.6%. The univariate analysis for liver failure revealed its risk factors being preoperative AST value(P

Objective To investigate the effects of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on liver regeneration and hepatic function following partial hepatectomy in thioacetamide induced cirrhotic rats.MethodsForty-five cirrhotic Wistar rats undergoing 2/3 hepatectomy were randomly assigned to control group ( Group A), Group B and Group C starting the day of hepatectomy, rats in Group B were injected 60mg per kg body-weight magnesium isoglycyrrhizina daily intraperitoneally until the day of sacrifice. Rats in Group A recevied same dose of sodium chloride. In Group C, magnesium isoglycyrrhizina was administered daily 3 days before hepatectomy until the rats were sacrificed. Liver function, serum HGF, serum PLA2,BrdU labelling index and percentage of intial liver weight on days 1, 2 and 7 post hepatectomy were assessed. ResultsRats in Group A had significantly lower BrdU labelling index and serum HGF level than Group C ( t = 2. 831, P ＜ 0.05; t = 3.427, P ＜ 0.05 ) and a markedly higher level of serum PLA2 than the other groups on day 1 posthepatectomy ( Group B t = 2. 794, P ＜ 0.05; Group C t = 2. 902, P ＜ 0.05 ).Rats in Group A had a lower BrdU labelling index and a more increased level of serum PLA2 than Group B and Group C on day 2 posthepatectomy ( BrdU labelling index: Group B t = 2. 736, P ＜ 0.05; Group C t =3.083, P＜0.05; PLA2: Group B t =2.794, P＜0.05; Group C t =2.902, P＜0.05), but had no significant difference in HGF level with the other two groups. The three groups were similar in ALT, AST,TP and intial liver weight on days 1,2 after operation. On the 7th day posthepatectomy, rats in Group A had a higher level of AST ( Group B t = 4. 508, P ＜ 0.05; Group C t = 2. 967, P ＜ 0.05 ) and a lower level of TP ( Group B t = 2. 838, P ＜ 0.05; Group C t = 2. 743, P ＜ 0.05 ), lower liver weight than the other two groups ( Group B t = 3.316, P ＜ 0.05; Group C t = 4. 093, P ＜ 0.05) but there was no difference between the three groups in BrdU labelling index, HGF and PLA2 level. Rats in Group C had significantly higher BrdU labelling index and serum HGF level than the rats in Group B on day 1 after hepatectomy( t = 2. 831, P ＜0.05; t = 2. 836, P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsMagnesium isoglycyrrhizinate inhibits aminopherase release and enhancing liver regeneration in cirrhotic rats after partial hepatectomy.

Objective To investigate the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in liver cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The specimens of liver cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues were collected from 50 patients who received radical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from July 2007 to April 2008. The mRNA and protein expressions of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b in liver cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of DNMTs in the liver cancer tissues was compared with those in the adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues by using t test and Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation between the protein expression of DNMTs in the liver cancer tissue and the clinicopathological features was analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact test, and the tumor-free survival time was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier method and the difference in tumor-free survival rate between different patients was analyzed by Log-rank test. Results The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the liver cancer tissue were 2.57, 2.29 and 4.86 times higher than those in the adjacent tissues (t = 3.94, 2. 72, 4. 06, P ＜ 0.05 ). The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b were 2.38,2.14 and 4.66 times higher than those in the cirrhotic tissues, and 6.12, 4.58 and 12.99 times higher than those in the chronic hepatitis tissues. The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the liver cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in the cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues ( U = 587.5,730. 0,562.5; 65.5, 64.5, 71.0, P ＜ 0.05). The protein expression of DNMT1 was correlated with the size, number,TNM stages and vascular invasion of tumors ( x2 = 4.08, 5.95, 4.08, P ＜ 0.05 ). The protein expression of DNMT3a was correlated with the size, number and TNM stages of tumors (x2 = 4.08, 5.95, 4.08, P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean tumor recurrence time of patients with low expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a were 9.4 and 8.7 months, which were significantly longer than 5.0 and 3.2 months of those with high expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a (x2 =3.89, 9.91, P＜0.05). Conclusions DNMTs play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.High expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a are correlated with the postoperative recurrence of liver cancer, which are valuable prognostic factors for liver cancer.

Objective To evaluate the application of 64-slice computed tomography (CT) and software-assisted image analysis in preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of six patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June to December, 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All six patients underwent 64-slice CT scanning before the operation, and then three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the liver, tumor, blood vessels and bile ducts was achieved with the assistance of Myrian (R) XP-Hepatic software. The relationships of the tumor, blood vessels and bile ducts were illustrated in the 3D model. Virtual liver resection was carried out for surgical planning. Results The 3D models of the liver, tumor, blood vessels and bile ducts were successfully constructed . The 3D models were able to be rotated and magnified as necessary. Preoperative evaluation and surgical planning were in accordance with actual surgery. The relative accuracy of the software-assisted image analysis system for calculating the hepatic volume to be resected was 5%. Patients recovered well without occurrence of hepatic failure. Conclusion Sixty-four-slice CT scanning and software-assisted image analysis are important for preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.