Objective To observe the changes of body weight,fat mass and skeletal muscle mass of rats after 4 weeks of intermittent fasting,and explore relationship with autophagy in skeletal muscle,so as to provide theoretical basis for intermittent fasting.Method Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (Con) and an intermittent fasting group (IF),each of 10.The rats of IF group were forbidden to eat food every Wednesday and Friday,and the body weight of both groups was recorded weekly.After 4 weeks,Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorption (DEXA) was used to analyze the body fat mass,then the bilateral soleus was separated to record the wet weight and measure the cross-sectional area of the soleus fibers by testing laminin with immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope.The form of autophagic vacuole of soleus was observed using a transmission electron microscopy.The expression of autophagy-related protein LC3,p62 and regulating protein AMPK,pAMPK and ULK1 were measured using Western blotting.Result After 4 weeks of intermittent fasting,the weight and fat mass of IF were significantly lower than those of Con (P＜0.01),but there were no significant differences between them in wet weight and cross-sectional area of soleus (P＞0.05).The expressions of AMPK,p-AMPK,ULK1 in IF were significantly higher than those in Con (P＜0.01).Compared with Con,the expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ of IF increased significantly,while the expression of p62 decreased significantly (P＜0.01).Conclusion Four weeks of intermittent fasting decreases the fat mass significantly,and control the weight efficiently.Intermittent fasting can maintain the skeletal muscle mass by promoting moderate autophagy through the AMPK-ULK1 pathway.It should be a potential lose weight method for further research.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the curative effects,adverse drug reactions(ADRs)and cost—effectiveness of 3 kinds of nitroimidazole drugs for treatment of trichomonal vaginitis.METHODS:111 cases of trichomonal vaginitis were randomly divided into 3 groups,administered with metronidazol(group A),tinidazole (group B),and ornidazol(group C)respectively,the curative effects and ADRs were observed and cost-effectiveness analysis was made in all groups.RESULTS:The costs in 3 groups were 0.74 yuan,33.6 yuan and 41.2 yuan respectively.The cure rates were 59.4%,81.6%and 97.2%,respectively.The cost-effectiveness ratios were 0.01,0.41,and 0.42 respectively.The increment cost -effectiveness ratios in group B and C were 1.48 and 1.07,as compared with group A.The occurrences of ADRs were 62.2%,18.4%,and11.1%respectively.CONCLUSION:Among 3 regimes,regime C is the preferred one.

AIM:To investigate the immune depressive effect on the reactive T cells and to explore the immunologic injury mechanism of beta cells of islet in type 1 diabetes mellitus(DM-1).METHODS:pAd5/PD-L1-GPI adenovirus vector with target gene was constructed and transfected into NIT cells which are known as a mouse insuloma cell line.The highly expressed membrane protein of PD-L1-GPI was confirmed by Western blotting.The peripheral blood non-adherence lymph leukocytes and target cells were cultured to detect lymph leukocyte proliferation and the T cell function.The level of IL-2,TNF-? and IFN-? were detected in the cell culture fluid.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the NIT cells modified with PD-L1-GPI inhibited the sensitized lymph leukocyte proliferation effectively and down-regulated the level of some cytokine secretions such as IL-2,IFN-? and TNF-?(P

Objective This study seeks to use a meta-analytical approach to quantitatively assess the results of applying the problem-based learning(PBL) teaching model and the traditional lecture-based learning(LBL)teaching model to basic medical courses in undergraduate medical edu-cation. Methods The CNKI and VIP databases were electronically searched to retrieve randomised controlled trial studies that examined the use of PBL methods for basic medical courses in under-graduate medical education. In these studies PBL teaching model was used in experiment group and LBL teaching model was used in control group. Pass rate or test scores was used to evaluate the effect of learning. The retrieved documents ranged from the time that each database was first constructed to December 2012. After two researchers performed literature screening independently, data extraction, and quality assessment procedures in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study, the Stata 11.0 software package was utilized to conduct the meta-analysis. Results This meta-analysis examined 28 studies that included a total of 3703 subjects. The modified Jadad scores of 20 studies(71.4%) were less than 4, and those of 8 studies(28.6%) were more than or equal to 4. The meta-analysis revealed that compared with the traditional teaching model, the PBL teaching model did not produce improved examination passing rates for a course [relative risk(RR):1.05, 95%confidence interval(CI):(0.99, 1.10), P=0.098] but could improve examination scores for a course [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.73, 95% CI: (0.51, 0.96), P<0.001]. Conclusion For basic medical courses in undergraduate medical education, compared to LBL teaching, PBL teaching can improve students' test scores but cannot improve students' pass rate. PBL used in basic medical courses has di-versified forms and lacks unified criterion, so there is still a long way to go for the appli-cation of PBL.

Objective To investigate the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in liver cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The specimens of liver cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues were collected from 50 patients who received radical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from July 2007 to April 2008. The mRNA and protein expressions of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b in liver cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of DNMTs in the liver cancer tissues was compared with those in the adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues by using t test and Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation between the protein expression of DNMTs in the liver cancer tissue and the clinicopathological features was analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact test, and the tumor-free survival time was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier method and the difference in tumor-free survival rate between different patients was analyzed by Log-rank test. Results The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the liver cancer tissue were 2.57, 2.29 and 4.86 times higher than those in the adjacent tissues (t = 3.94, 2. 72, 4. 06, P ＜ 0.05 ). The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b were 2.38,2.14 and 4.66 times higher than those in the cirrhotic tissues, and 6.12, 4.58 and 12.99 times higher than those in the chronic hepatitis tissues. The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the liver cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in the cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues ( U = 587.5,730. 0,562.5; 65.5, 64.5, 71.0, P ＜ 0.05). The protein expression of DNMT1 was correlated with the size, number,TNM stages and vascular invasion of tumors ( x2 = 4.08, 5.95, 4.08, P ＜ 0.05 ). The protein expression of DNMT3a was correlated with the size, number and TNM stages of tumors (x2 = 4.08, 5.95, 4.08, P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean tumor recurrence time of patients with low expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a were 9.4 and 8.7 months, which were significantly longer than 5.0 and 3.2 months of those with high expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a (x2 =3.89, 9.91, P＜0.05). Conclusions DNMTs play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.High expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a are correlated with the postoperative recurrence of liver cancer, which are valuable prognostic factors for liver cancer.

Objective To evaluate risk factors of hepatectomy for patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Clinical data of 310 large HCC cases receiving hepatctomy were analyzed retrospectively. Results Hepatitis B infection rate was 60.7% in this group with cirrhosis rate of 66.8%. Tumor size averaged at (9.4?3.8) cm in diameter. Child A grade was found in 51.0% of cases, Child B in 36.8% and Child C in 12.3%. Pringle′s procedure, semi-liver blood occlusion and modified Heaney procedure were used in 31.6%, 11.0% and 2.3% of cases respectively, with occlusion time of ( 17?8) min, (25?9) min and (20?10) min, respectively. Left lateral lobectomy, left hemihepatectomy, right hemihepatectomy and segmentectomy were performed in 17.1%, 11.6%, 9.0%, and 62.3% cases, respectively. Blood loss, blood transfusion and operation duration were (820?1 151) ml, (966?945) ml and (182?74) min, respectively. The overall morbidity and liver failure were 22.3%, and 5.8%, respectively, with an operative mortality of 2.6%. The univariate analysis for liver failure revealed its risk factors being preoperative AST value(P

Objective To evaluate the application of 64-slice computed tomography (CT) and software-assisted image analysis in preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of six patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June to December, 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All six patients underwent 64-slice CT scanning before the operation, and then three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the liver, tumor, blood vessels and bile ducts was achieved with the assistance of Myrian (R) XP-Hepatic software. The relationships of the tumor, blood vessels and bile ducts were illustrated in the 3D model. Virtual liver resection was carried out for surgical planning. Results The 3D models of the liver, tumor, blood vessels and bile ducts were successfully constructed . The 3D models were able to be rotated and magnified as necessary. Preoperative evaluation and surgical planning were in accordance with actual surgery. The relative accuracy of the software-assisted image analysis system for calculating the hepatic volume to be resected was 5%. Patients recovered well without occurrence of hepatic failure. Conclusion Sixty-four-slice CT scanning and software-assisted image analysis are important for preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of ABCG2 protein in hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Specimens of HCC were collected at The First Aifiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2005 to December 2006. The expression of ABCG2 protein in 165 samples of HCC tissue, 25 samples of normal liver tissue and 40 samples of cirrhotic liver tissue was detected using immunohisto-chemistry. The correlation between the expression of ABCG2 protein and clinicopathological characters was then analyzed. Enumeration data, survival rate and the difference between groups were analyzed with a chi-square test, the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, respectively. Results ABCG2 protein expression was weakly posi-tive in all normal and cirrhotic liver tissues. In HCC tissues, the expression of ABCG2 protein was strongly positive in 66 cases and weakly positive in 99 cases. The expression of ABCG2 protein was related to tumor diameter, tumor number, adjacent organ invasion and TNM stages (χ2 =8. 130, 14. 279, 4. 820, 21. 179, P <0. 05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with strongly positive ABCG2 protein had a significantly lower 3-year overall survival (24. 1%) compared with those with weakly positive ABCG2 protein (39. 4%) (χ2 = 15.716, P<0.05). Conclusions The expression level of ABCG2 protein is related to tumor invasiveness, TNM stage and prognosis. ABCG2 has the potential to become a new target for HCC treatment.

BACKGROUND:Recent research has shown that the proper concentration of aspirin can increase the proliferation and osteogenic ability of MG-63 cells.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of different concentrations of aspirin on osteoblast proliferation on the implant-cell interface under fluid shear stress.METHODS:(1) MG-63 cells were cultured in low-glucose DMEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum and different concentrations of aspirin (0,0.023,0.046,0.0625,0.125,0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mmol/L) for 1-7 days.Then cell proliferation was detected using MTS method.(2) MG-63 cells were cultured on three different surfaces:glass slide,PT titanium surface and SLA titanium surface.After 3 days of culture with aspirin at a concentration of 0 or 0.5 mmol/L,the cells were subjected to fluid shear stress.MTS test was applied to estimate the proliferation of MG-63 cells at 0,0.5,1,2,4 hours after stress application.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) After 1-3 days of culture,0.023,0.046,0.5 mmol/L aspirin promoted the proliferation of MG-63 cells,while after 1-7 days of culture,1,2,4 mmol/L aspirin inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells.(2) Under the fluid shear stress,aspirin showed significant effects on the cell proliferation as confirmed by one-way analysis of variance (F=8.349,P=0.004),and 0.5 mmol/L aspirin inhibited the cellular proliferation of MG-63 cells.However,surface modification and stress loading time showed no significant effects on the cell proliferation (F=2.826,P=0.064;F=0.893,P=0.406).(3) Under the fluid shear stress,surface modification showed no significant effect on the cell proliferation of MG-63 cells cultured with 0.5 mmol/L aspirin (F=1.803,P=-0.171).Under the fluid shear stress,0.5 mmol/L aspirin significantly inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells on the glass slide (P=-0.003),while PT and SLA titanium surfaces showed on inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation (P=0.891,P=0.051).The present results demonstrate that the cell proliferation of MG-63 is related with aspirin in a concentration-dependent manner.In addition,different titanium surfaces may decrease the sensitivity of MG-63 cell proliferation to aspirin.