Rcsult of field cultivation test by protoplastic fusion technique for biological cngln ering breeding of Poria cocos in Huoshan county, Anhui Province was reported for the first time. A fusion strain F1 was obtained from parents P1, P6578 by separation, fusion, marker of hypha protoplast and identification of recombinat. It was cultivated simultaneously with P1, P5778 for comparison. Results showed that the average cellal outputs were 1.73, 0.5 and 2.20kg respectively.As the output of strain F1 is intermediate between its parent P1 and P578, the result is considered to be unsatisfactory. The reason for such result was discussed.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) by Meta analysis. Methods: We searched the databases of Pub Med, Elsevier and Web of Science for internationally published cohort study for the relationship between SUA levels and CAD prevalence and conducted a general analysisby using Stata software. Results: A total of 11 cohort study including 463,918 subjects were enrolled in this study. For both male and female genders, increase SUA level was the risk factor for CAD occurrence (RR=1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.24) and (RR=1.24, 95% CI 1.15-1.34). Dose-response Meta-analysis indicated that by 1 mg/dl SUA elevation, the risk of CAD occurrence would increase 4.8% in male and 12.4% in female, the risk in female gender was higher than male. Conclusion: SUA level has been closely related to CAD prevalence.

Objective To study the effect of the extract of total flavonoids of Chrysanthemum indicum(TFC) on adjuvant arthritis(AA) synoviocytes.Methods Totally 0.1ml of the complete Freund's adjuvant was subcutaneously injected into the right hind feet pads of 20 SD rats.24 days after immunity synoviocytes in the knee joint were treated with TFC.Cell morphology was examined with electron microscopy.Protein level of caspase-3 cleaved fragments was analyzed by Western blotting.The annexin V stain assay was applied to explore the effect of caspase-3 inhibitor on the amelioration in synovial cells apoptosis of AA rats.Results Typical morphology and biochemical feature of apoptosis in synovial cells of AA rats were observed with TFC.The protein level of caspase-3 cleaved fragments increased obviously and was related with the concentration of TFC in synovial cells of AA rats.The apoptotic cells positively stained with annexin V were markedly reduced by caspase-3 inhibitor.Conclusion TFC can induce apoptosis in AA rats synoviocytes,which may achieve therapeutical effects in AA.The activation of caspase-3 may be one of the main causations.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of tanshinone on inflammatory response in air-pouch model mice with artificial joint aseptic loosening. METHODS:Mice were randomly divided into blank control group(normal saline),titanium particle group (normal saline),tanshinone low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(50,100,200 mg/kg),10 in each group. Air-pouch mod-els were induced. Except that mice were injected 0.5 mL normal saline into air-pouch in blank control group,other groups were in-jected 0.5 mL Titanium particle suspension(10 mg/mL)into air-pouch,continuously administrated medicines by 0.1 mL/10 g after 24 h,ig,for 14 d. After 24 h of last administration,the air-pouch was collected,air-pouch inflammation was observed by eyes and by microscopy after hematoxylin-eosin staining,and inflammatory cell density was calculated. Real-time quantitative poly-merase chain reaction method was conducted to detect the tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β)mRNA expres-sion;enzyme-linked immunosorbent method was used to detect the TNF-α,IL-1β protein expression. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,air-pouch swelling was obvious in titanium particle group,much exudation and neovascular were observed,in-flammatory response was severe,inflammatory cell density was increased significantly(P<0.05);TNF-α,IL-1β mRNA and pro-tein expression were obviously enhanced(P<0.05). Compared with titanium particle group,air-pouch swelling was relieved in tan-shinone doses groups,exudation and neovascular were decreased,inflammatory response was relieved,inflammatory cell density was decreased significantly(P<0.05);TNF-α,IL-1β mRNA and protein expression were obviously decreased(P<0.05),with a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS:Tanshinone can effectively inhibit the aseptic inflammatory response in air-pouch model mice with artificial joint aseptic loosening.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of familial and sporadic gout patients to provide information for the classification,individual treatment and prognosis of gout.Methods The clinical and biochemical characteristies of 431 patients with familial gout and 1899 patients with sporadic gout were compared and analyzed.T test and X2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results The age at onset [(47±13) years ] and the serum uric acid level [ (472±125) μmol/L] of the familial gout patients in the acute phase were significantly lower than those of the sporadic gout patients (P＜0.05).The percentage of patients whose attack were induced by purine-rich food (67.7％ vs 88.2％),drinking (31.3％ vs 44.5％) and the first metatarsophalangeal joint involvement (69.1％ vs 77.4％ ) were significantly lower in the familial gout patients than those in the sporadic group of patients.The percentage of female was lower in the familial gout (9.7％) than in the sporadic patients(6.6％,P＜0.05).The percentage of patients with ankle joint (18.1％ vs 11.3％) and no obvious predisposing causes (25.2％ vs 2.5％ ) were higher in the familial gout patients than in the sporadic patients (P＜0.05).The percentage of patients with complicated lipid metabolism disorders was significantly higher in the familial gout patients than in the sporadic patients (P＜0.05).Conclusion The familial gout patients in Shandong coastal regions are early in disease onset,with lower serum uric acid level and more frequent in women.Detailed family history should be collected,and early prevention and appropriate treatment should be emphasized.

Objective Obesity is one of the risk factors for gout.The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of gout patients with different BMI.Methods A total of 5 104 patients with gout were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the BMI.The clinical information was collected and relevant biochemical indices were detected.SPSS software was applied for the statistical analyses.Results There were significant differences in the ratios of gender,regular exercise,hypertension,tophus,renal insufficiency,hyperlipidemia,impaired glucose metabolism,liver dysfunction among the three groups (all P＜0.01).The onset age in overweight [45(36,55) years] and obese subjects [40(31,50)years] were earlier than that of the normal weight subjects [50 (38,61) years].Moreover,waist circumstances [103(99,108) cm and 94 (90,98) cm vs 87 (82,91) cm],systolic pressure [130 (120,145) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) and 130 (120,140) mmHg vs 128 (115,140) mmHg],diastolic pressure [90 (80,100) mmHg and 85 (80,92) mmHg vs 80 (79,90) mmHg],fasting blood glucose [5.77 (5.30,6.44) mmol/L and 5.65 (5.19,6.26) mmol/L vs 5.55 (5.10,6.15) mmol/L],TG [2.10 (1.46,3.04) mmol/L and1.88 (1.35,2.78) mmol/L vs 1.52 (1.07,2.39) mmol/L],TC [5.20 (4.55,5.93) mmol/L and 5.07 (4.46,5.75) mmol/L vs 4.95 (4.27,5.65) mmol/L],serum uric acid [483(418,552) μmol/L and461(395,524) μmol/L vs440 (368,517) μmol/L],ALT [30 (21,46) U/L and25 (18,36) U/L vs 21 (14,29) U/L],AST [21(17,28) U/L and 20 (17,26) U/L vs 20 (6,25) U/L],the number of joints involved [2 (1,3) joints and 2 (1,2) joints vs 1 (1,2) joints] in the overweight and obese groups were higher than those in the normal weight group (all P ＜ 0.01).There were no statistical differences in family history,involvement of upper limb joints,kidney stones and coronary heart disease among the three groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Obesity is associated with an earlier age of gout onset.With the increase of BMI,the blood pressures,glucose,lipid,serum uric acid,liver transaminase levels and the number of involved joints increased gradually.Cautions should be taken in treating patients with different BMI.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Puerarin polymeric micelles and establish a method to determine its entrapment efficiency. METHODS:Puerarin polymeric micelles were prepared by film dispersion method. The polymeric micelles and free drug were sepa-rated by centrifugal-millipore filter filtration method. The entrapment efficiency of puerarin polymeric micelles was determined by HPLC. Diamonsil C18(2)column was used with 1% citric acid solution-methanol(65∶35)at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detec-tion wavelength was set at 250 nm,and column temperature was room temperature. RESULTS:The prepared polymeric micelles were spherical and spherical-like in shape with a mean particle size of 54.12 nm,polydispersity index of 0.122,Zeta potential of -13.60 mV;the linear range of puerarin was 2-10μg/ml(R2=0.999 4)with average recovery rate of 99.2%(RSD=0.9%,n=3). The re-covery rate of free drug was 95.3%(RSD=1.7%,n=3). The mean entrapment efficiency and drug-loading amount of puerarin were(35.5±2.12)% and(0.3±0.07)%,respectively(n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Film dispersion method is suitable for the prepara-tion of Puerarin polymeric micelles. Established method is convenient,accurate and reliable for the content and entrapment efficien-cy determination of Puerarin polymeric micelles.

Objective To investigate the changes in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) number in peripheral blood of patients with acute cerebral infarction and after Naoxintong treatment.Methods Sixty patients were selected as subject and randomly divided into aspirin group and aspirin (30 patients) + Naoxintong group (30 patients).Meanwhile 30 patients without cerebral infarction were served as control group The number of peripheral blood EPCs were detected by flow cytometry at different time point.NIH-NINDS stroke score was used to elevate the neurological function.Results Compared with the control group,number of peripheral blood EPCs significantly decreased in the early stage of acute cerebral infarction (P ＜ 0.05),and then gradually increased until 7th day,which was back to the normal level.There was a positive correlation between improvement of NIHSS and number of peripheral blood EPCs in acute cerebral infarction.Compared with aspirin group,the number of peripheral blood EPCs in Naoxintong group increased sigrificanfly [41.40 ±0.18/million cells vs 41.40 ±0.18/million cells] at 14th day in patients treated with aspirin and Naoxintong.Conclusion The number of peripheral blood EPCs showed a U shape dynamic change in acute cerebral infarctior.Increase the number of peripheral blood EPCs might improve prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.On the basis of routine treatment of aspirin,Naoxintong plus aspirin treatment might improve the number of peripheral blood EPCs in acute cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that sacral nerve-root stimulation based on anodes block technique can effectively reconstruct the bladder voiding function of the rabbits with spinal cord injury. But the corresponding technology of stimulating electrode has not been reported so far.
OBJECTIVE:To design and develop the stimulating electrodes matching with both rabbit sacral nerve roots and anodal blocking technique, to observe the ultrastructure and morphological change of rabbit sacral nerve roots which implanted in electrode stimulation for a long-term and to assess the safety of stimulating electrodes.
METHODS:Thirty New Zealand rabbits were included, 10 rabbits were randomly selected from them and sacrificed after anesthesia, and then cut the anterior roots of bilateral S 2 and S 3 immediately;after measuring the diameter under the light microscope, the sleeve type stimulation electrode matched with the diameter was made. The remaining 20 rabbits were randomly divided into control group and implantation group, with 10 rabbits in each group. In the implantation group, the stimulating electrodes were implanted into the forepart of S 2 and S 3 nerve roots after anesthesia, and then sacrificed after fed for half a year for col ecting the samples. Then ultrastructure change of sacral nerve roots with the implantation was observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Structure of nerve cel s of sacral nerve roots remained in good condition under a light microscope after long-term implantation of the stimulating electrodes. No obvious degeneration of axons, no inflammatory infiltration and glial scar formation were observed. In the implantation group, myelins arranged closely without demyelination phenomenon, and there was no atrophy of neuronal nuclear, no nuclear sag, no increased nuclear decompression and heterochromatin in neurons under the light microscope. Immunohistochemical analysis showed, compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in the expressions of glial fibril ary acidic protein, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins of nerve roots in the implantation group. The stimulation electrode of rabbit sacral nerve root is developed successful y, that is, the implantation is simple and safe as it can be used for long-term implantation without histopathological changes and apoptosis.

To observe the effects of a Chinese compound herbal medicine for reinforcing qi, activating blood circulation, expelling phlegm and dredging collaterals in treatment of lower limb arteriosclerosis.