The unbalanced economic development, the lifestyle changes of the residents, the aging before getting rich and the burden of non-communicable chronic diseases in China have brought great pressure on China′s health system. However, the prevention and control mechanism of chronic diseases in China is far from mature, which restricts the development of the prevention and control of chronic diseases in China. Singapore′s new concept on chronic disease management and the the 3-level theoretical framework are good experience in the world and deserve to be learned by China. This article introduced the Healthy Living Master Plan in health promotion practice in Singapore, and made suggestions on construction of health management system to cope with the disease burden in China.

Under the background of globalization, public health issues are becoming more and more complicated. In the international arena, global health has gradually replaced international health and "global public health" as one of the dominant terms in the field of public health. However, until now, there is no unified understanding and definition for the concept of global health domestically and internationally. In this article, various foreign experts 'views and domestic experts' opinions about the concept of global health are collected and solicited, in order to generalize appropriate Chinese definition of global health of China.
China ; Global Health ; Humans ; Public Health ; Vocabulary

Objective To investigate the cluster nursing in improving the weaning success rate of emergency neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods A total of 72 AECOPD patients treated with NAVA in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University emergency intensive care unit (EICU) from January 2014 to January 2016 were collected and randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table, 36 cases respectively. The observation group received the cluster nursing, and the control group used the traditional nursing. The incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), length of stay, the service time and weaning success rate of ventilator were compared between two groups.Results The length of stay in EICU [(7.33±1.79) d]and the service time of ventilator [(3.17±0.63) d]in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (t=8.912, 16.524;P<0.05). The incidence of VAP (13.89%) in the observation group was statistically significantly lower than those in the control group (χ2=9.425,P<0.05). The weaning success rate (86.11%) in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2=8.134,P<0.05).Conclusions The cluster nursing in AECOPD patients with emergency NAVA treatment can significantly reduce the ventilator-associated complications and improve the success rate of weaning. It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Background: Despite strengthened efforts on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and control, new HIV infections continue to increase among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a highly effective HIV-prevention tool, has recently been included in China's Action Plan of HIV Prevention and Control. To promote future PrEP implementation, this study aims to identify the barriers and facilitators in PrEP use intention among MSM in China.Methods: In 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300 MSM in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Questions on demographics, sexual behavior (including a seven-item high-risk behavior index), PrEP use intention, PrEP-related awareness and accessibility, and a seven-item public HIV stigma scale were included in the questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with PrEP use intention. Results: Overall, 44.67％ of the participants had more than two male sexual partners and 5.56％ had HIV-positive sexual partners. Only 57.00％ had heard of PrEP and only four (1.33％) participants had used PrEP. However, 75.34％ expressed the willingness to use oral PrEP if its efficacy was assured. The beliefs that "PrEP can prevent HIV if taken as prescribed" (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.84, P < 0.001) and "PrEP can be scaled up in the community" (AOR = 3.24, P < 0.001) were positively associated with oral PrEP use intention. Concerns of side effects were negatively associated with oral PrEP use intention (AOR = 0.32, P = 0.006). Further, 77.00％ of the participants would choose injectable or implanted PrEP instead of oral PrEP. One of the PrEP stigma items, "Not certain if doctors can prescribe PrEP if I go to the clinic" was positively associated with the intention to use injectable or implanted PrEP (AOR = 3.03). The items "Heard of PrEP" (AOR = 2.74) and "PrEP can prevent HIV if taken as prescribed" (AOR = 2.65) were also positively related to the intention to use injectable or implanted PrEP. The most common concerns regarding PrEP use were efficacy (44.67％) and side effects (38.67％). The most common reasons for using injectable and implanted PrEP were adherence (81.94％ and 77.86％, respectively) and privacy concerns (56.48％ and 55.00％, respectively). Affordable price and coverage by health insurance were the driving factors for PrEP use. Conclusion: Given the low level of awareness of PrEP-related information in China, it's necessary to provide interventions for high-risk individuals and communities, in order to increase their awareness and knowledge of PrEP. Furthermore, additional alternatives to HIV prevention, such as long-acting injectable or implanted PrEP, should be investigated to reduce the risk of HIV infection in at-risk MSM. Even if this programme could be approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China and implemented, a supportive social environment for MSM is essential during its implementing.

MSM are a high-risk population for HPV infection and related diseases. MSM can be effectively protected by quadrivalent and nine-valent HPV vaccines. This paper outlines the significance of providing HPV vaccination to MSM, summarizes the basis of HPV vaccination in MSM, and puts forward the following recommendations. First, China should expedite the development and approval of the HPV vaccine for male use. Second, HIV-positive MSM should vaccinate against HPV as soon as possible. Third, prioritize HPV vaccination for MSM individuals aged 26 or less. Fourth, for MSM aged over 26, catch-up vaccination or opportunistic vaccination should be provided when HPV vaccine resources are sufficient. Implementing this vaccination strategy can provide protection for the MSM and control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

Objectives:To explore the HIV prevalence and related factors among MSM aged 50 and above and provide evidence on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS.Methods:Based on an MSM social application software Blued 7.1.6, we recruited participants through online convenience sampling to collect demographic variables, behavioral and self-reported HIV infection status, etc. Univariate χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of self-reported HIV infection. Results:Self-reported HIV infection rate was 17.6%(126/714) among the participants. In multivariable analysis, participants who got divorced or widowed had a 2.07(95% CI: 1.34-3.21) times greater risk of self-reported HIV-positive than those who were married. Participants unaware of HIV-related knowledge showed a 1.92(95% CI:1.21-3.04) times greater risk of self-reported HIV-positive than those with better HIV-related knowledge. Participants who have ever been diagnosed with sexually transmitted disease (STD) showed a 3.17(95% CI:2.09-4.83) times greater risk of self-reported HIV-positive than those without STD infection history. Conclusion:Our findings indicated that the self-reported HIV infection rate was high among MSM aged 50 and above. Being divorced or widowed, being unaware of HIV-related knowledge and STD infection history was proved related with self-reported HIV infection.