Objective To analyze the β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli which were isolated from hospital specimens from Jun 2012 to Dec 2014,and provide a more accurate evidence to guide drug-selecting for antibacterial use.Methods An-alyzed 1 587 E.coli from patient sample selected between Jun 2012~Dec 2014 using the microbial analysis system manufac-tured by ZHUHAI DL BIOTECH CO.LTD,A phenotypic test was also conducted to test ESBLs.Results 1 587 stains of E-.coli were isolated,which counted for 23.9% of the specimens;901 stains (56.8%)out of total 1 587 stains appeared to be ESBLs-producing E.coli,and others were non-ESBLs-producing E.coli.The 1 587 Escherichia coli mainly came from De-partment of Urology (408,weight 25.7%),Department of Endocrinology (271,weight 17.1%),Department of Respiration (249,weight 15.7%).Rine specimen contributed 609 stains (47.3%),411 E.coli stains (31.9%)were discovered in spu-tum samples,and 83 stains (6.5%)showed in blood samples.The resistance to imipenem were discovered in the analysis. The rates of resistance to penicillins,cephalosporins were over 90.0%,the rates of resistance to Levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin were above 70.0%,and resistance rates to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid,piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin were lower than 7.7%.Conclusion The drug-resistance of the E.coli were increasing over the past three years. There was a significant portion of MDR and PDR present in the trend.Thus,the reinforcement of the drug-resistance survey and testing have a far-reaching meaning to promote rational drug selecting.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of the inpatients suffering from dengue fever in order to provide references for better diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data of 158 dengue fever patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from July 23rd to October 31st, 2014 during the 2014 epidemic in Guangzhou area were retrospectively analyzed, including general clinical manifestations, conventional examinations, pathogenesis, and prognosis.Results The mean age of the 158 patients was (56±20) years, with half of them over 60 years old (79 cases). Among them, 94 (59.49%) were male.① The common manifestations included fever (100%), headache (70.89%), myalgia/bone soreness (62.03%), and skin rash (54.43%). Bleeding and plasma leakage were found in 25.95% and 14.56% of the patients respectively.② Laboratory examination:leucopenia (75.32%) and thrombocytopenia (77.85%) were found, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were elevated in 57.59% and 77.85% of the patients respectively. However, elevation of blood hematocrit was rare (1.27%).③ It was found that in the acute phase (0 - 5 days of the onset), serum dengue virus antibody IgM (DF-IgM) was positive in 63.54% of the patients (61/96), and 92.62% (113/122) of patients were dengue virus RNA (DENA-RNA) positive.④ The rate of comorbidity in this study was 55.06% (87/158), including hypertension (27.22%) and type 2 diabetes (15.82%), which were the two most common co-morbidities.⑤ All the patients were given supportive therapy to prevent complications. They were also isolated for more than 5 days after onset, and at least for 24 hours after subsidence of fever in addition.⑥ The criteria for the diagnosis of severe dengue were fulfilled in 18 patients (11.39%). One patient died of massive hemorrhage from gastro-intestinal tract, and 1 patient voluntarily left hospital with untreated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Another 2 patients of dengue fever died from primary cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and the remaining 154 patients (97.47%) fully recovered with supportive therapy and complication prevention measures.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of inpatients with dengue fever in this study were typical, and they manifested a higher incidence of severe illness. DENA-RNA could be a sensitive indicator for early pathogenic diagnosis. With symptomatic and supportive therapy, most patients had a good outcome. However, early diagnosis and clinical interventions of severe dengue still need further studies.

Objective To explore the HEART risk score in predicting 30-day major adverse cardiovascu-lar events (MACE)for the patients presenting to Emergency Department (ED) with acute chest pain. Methods Patients presented in our ED with acute chest pain were enrolled from January,2016 to April,2016. All cause MACE of each patient were followed up at 30 days by Health insurance information management System and call . Results Total 209 patients were enrolled(mean age 65.28 ± 16.85 years;52.63%male). The age,hypertension, ratio of ACS,SpO2,in-patient number HEART score in MACE subject were significantly higher than that in non MACE patients(P<0.05). The blood pressure at admission of MACE patients was significantly decrease than that in non MACE patients(P<0.05). The MACE within 30 days was 5.74%. The respective areas under the curve (AUC)for 30-day MACE(95% CI)was 0.908(0.846 ~ 0.974). The percent of patients with 30-day MACE with HEART scores between 0% and 3,4 ~ 6,and 7 ~ 10 was 0%,2.5%,and 27%,respectively. Conclusion HEART score can be simple,rapid and accurate prediction of emergency department of patients with acute chest pain within 30 days of MACE,effective elimination of low-risk patients with MACE,it plays a very important role for disease assessment and diagnosis and treatment process in emergency department.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography (DE-CTPA) and dual-energy CT lung perfusion (DE-CTLP) in the assessment of pulmonary embolism comparing with pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. Methods Fifty patients suspected of PE (26 males, 24 females) underwent both DE-CTPA, DE-CTLP and pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. The results were compared and the correlation between the intravascular clots in DE-CTPA and the perfusion defects in DE-CTLP was analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DE-CTLP for PE were assessed according to scintigraphic results which was considered as a "gold" standard. Result ( 1 ) Of 50 cases,920 segments in 46 cases were diagnostable, 4 cases were not included because of the poor image quality. lntravascular clots were found in 262 segments on DE-CTPA and perfusion defects in 266 segments were identified on DE-CTLP, while 268 segments were positive on scintigraphy. (2) The perfusion defects on DE-CTLP were correlated well with the clots on CTPA ( r = 0. 883, P < 0. 01 ). The Dual energy CT Lung perfusion imaging had a good consistence with scintigraphy (Kappa = 0. 940, P <0. 01 ). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were 96. 2% (279/290), 98.0%(641/654), 95. 5% (279/292) and 98. 3% (641/652), respectively. (3)The radiation dose of DE-CTPA and CE-CTLP scan was(4. 37 ± 0. 47) mSv by using CareDose 4D technique. Conclusion DE-CTPA and CE-CTLP can provide pulmonary vascular morphology and parenchyma perfusion information which are useful and valuable for the diagnosis of PE.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the different dose of perindopril on cardiac function in the rabbits with ische-mic cardiac dysfunction .METHODS:Male rabbits weighing 2.5~3.0 kg ( n=30) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10):high dose perindopril group (HD group), low dose perindopril group (LD group) and cardiac dysfunction group (CD group).The Left anterior descending coronary artery of the rabbits was ligatured for model preparation .In HD group, the rabbits were treated with perindopril split normal saline solution (1 g/L)2 mL· kg-1 · d-1 .In LD group, the rabbits were treated with perindopril split normal saline solution (0.33 g/L)2 mL· kg -1 · d-1.In CD group, the rabbits were treated with normal saline solution 2 mL· kg-1 · d-1 .Four weeks after treatment , the cardiac function was measured via echocardiography , the mRNA expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) and angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) was analyzed by real-time PCR, serum angiotensin (Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7) levels were detected by ELISA. RESULTS:Compared with CD group , the cardiac function of the 2 groups treated with perindopril was significantly im-proved (P<0.01), and more improvement in HD group was observed than LD group (P<0.05).The serum angiotensin ( Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7) level and the mRNA expression of ACE 2 and AT2R in the 2 groups treated with perindopril were significantly improved (P<0.01).Compared with LD group, the mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R and the ser-um levels of Ang-(1-9) in HD group were significant improved (P<0.05), while no difference of serum Ang-(1-7) level was observed.Correlation analysis revealed that the improvement of the cardiac function was associated with serum Ang -(1-9) level, mRNA expression of ACE2 and AT2R (P<0.01), but has no significant correlation with serum Ang-(1-7) lev-el.CONCLUSION:High dose of perindopril may improve more cardiac function in ischemic cardiac dysfunction model in rabbits.The mechanism may relate to increasing serum Ang-(1-7) level to activate AT2R.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of D-dimer for early neurological deteriora- tion (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, the Second People ' s Hospital of Shenzhen between January 2015 and December 2017 were enrolled retrospectively. END was defined as an increase ≥2 in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or an increase ≥1 in the motor function score within 7 days after admission compared with the baseline score. Demographics, baseline clinical data, and primary treatment options during hospitalization were compared between the END group and the non-END groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for END. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of D-dimer for END. Results A total of 625 patients were enrolled in the study, including 40 in the END group (including 3 deaths) and 585 in the non-END group. The mean hospital stay, international normalized ratio, D-dimer, uric acid, NIHSS score and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at admission, and the proportion of patients with complete anterior circulation infarction, large atherosclerotic stroke, and pulmonary infection were significantly higher than those in the non-END group (all P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients receiving thrombolysis, antiplatelet,anticoagulation, and statins between the two groups. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of D-dimer predicting END was 0. 810 (95％ confidence interval [CI] 0. 736-0. 884; P < 0. 001); the optimal cut-off value was 2. 35 mg/L, and the sensitivity and specificity were 54. 74％ and 96. 13％ respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that large atherosclerotic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 1. 115, 95％ CI 1. 005-1. 390; P = 0. 003 ), D-dimer ≥2. 35 mg/L (OR 1. 055,95％ CI 1. 012-1. 150; P = 0. 001 ), NIHSS score at admission (OR 1. 191, 95％ CI 1. 006-1. 410; P <0. 001), mRS score > 1 at admission (OR 1. 755, 95％ CI 1. 139-3. 656; P = 0. 037 ), and pulmonary infection (OR 2. 598, 95％ CI 1. 132-3. 081; P = 0. 012) were the independent risk factors for END in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion D-dimer ≥2. 35 mg/L at admission has higher predictive value for END in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome of fully covered self-expandable metal stents(FCSEMS)for the treatment of benign biliary strictures(BBS). Methods Between June 2008 and September 2013, 68 patients with BBS receiving endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and FCSEMS placement were retrospectively enrolled. Data of endoscopic treatment, stricture resolution and recurrence were collected, and related risk factors were analyzed. Results FCSEMSs were successfully placed in all patients and removed in 93.4%(57/61). The median stent duration was 9.0(range 0.2-37.1)months. Stricture resolution occurred in 74.2%(46/62)patients. During median follow-up of 54.0 (range 2.5-96.0)months,stricture recurrences were seen in 16.7%(6/36)patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that distance between stricture and hepatic bifurcation of less than 1.5 cm(P=0.034,OR=6.395, 95%CI:1.153-35.464), and stent migration(P= 0.024, OR= 0.153, 95%CI:0.030-0.782)were significant risk factors for stricture resolution. Meanwhile, the stricture length longer than 1.0 cm(P=0.028, HR = 6.766, 95% CI:1.233-37.122)was a significant risk factor for stricture recurrence. Conclusion Endoscopic treatment combined with FCSEMS can achieve excellent efficacy in resolving BBS with low recurrence rate. However, location and length of BBS, as well as stent migration may impair its effectiveness.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a clinical hemodynamic syndrome characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right heart failure and death. Vascular remodeling is the most prominent histopathological feature of PAH, which is regulated by many factors. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the vascular cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis and cellular metabolism. Epigenetic phenomenon such as DNA damage and abnormal expression of miRNA are also involved in the regulation of abnormal proliferation of vascular cells. Vascular cell phenotype switching including endothelial-mesenchymal transition and smooth muscle cell phenotype switching play an important role in abnormal proliferation of vascular cells. Vascular remodeling is produced by a variety of cells and molecular pathways, and aiming at multiple targets which is expected to find a new breakthrough in the treatment of PAH,and to improve abnormal vascular remodeling, delay or even reverse the progression of PAH.
Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; physiopathology ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; pathology ; Pulmonary Artery ; pathology ; Vascular Remodeling ; genetics

Objective To investigate the effect ofhypoxia on endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in vascular intimal smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and function of VSMC of swine models of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM).Methods The stable swine models of BAVM were established;separation of cerebral microvascular network (RM) was performed and VSMC was selected and primarily cultured.VSMC from the above models and normal swines were divided into four groups: group A, VSMC from normal swines cultured at 21％ O2;group B, VSMC from models cultured at 21％ O2;group C, VSMC from normal swines cultured at 1％ O2;group D, VSMC from models cultured at 1％ O2.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to validate the mRNA and protein VEGF expressions in VSMC;TUNNEL was used to detect the apoptosis of VSMC, and Transwell assay was used to determine the VSMC invasion.Results (1) VSMC density in the four groups was 71.65±4.22, 158.24±9.87, 95.33±7.21 and 299.80±13.23 cells/field in group A-D, with significant differences (F=119.351, P=0.000).(2) VEGF mRNA expression quantity in the four groups was 1.93±0.77, 4.51±1.25, 2.87±1.94 and 8.03±1.74 in group A-D, with significant differences (F=119.351, P=0.000);that in group B-D was significantly higher than that in group A (P＜0.05), and that in group D was significantly higher than that in group B and C (P＜0.05).(3) The VEGF protein expression quantity of the four groups was 3.83±0.63, 6.99±1.77, 5.02±1.23 and 8.27± 1.50, with significant differences (F=117.420, P=0.000);that in group B, C and D was obviously higher than that in group A, and that in group D was obviously higher than that in group B and C (P＜ 0.05).(4) At the 24 and 48 h of culture, VSMC apoptosis and invasion number showed no statistical difference among the four groups (P＞0.05);at the 72 h, the number of apoptosis and invasion cells in group A was significantly decreased as compared with those in group B, C and D (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hypoxia can increase the VEGF expression, aggravate the apoptosis and invasion of VSMC, and accelerate the formation of vascular malformation in BAVM models.

Objective To compare the difference of cutpoint and clinical significance of HbA1C for the diagnosis of abnormal glucose metabolism in two population groups with different ages.Methods According to oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),the cutpoint and clinical significance of HbA1C for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation(IGR)were investigated in the two population groups.Results The mean HbA1C of 1 064 young subjects in an academy and 1 671 aged subjects in a community were 5.31% ±0.41% and 5.79% ±0.71%,respectively.The cutpoints of HbA1C for diagnosis of diabetes were 5.7%(specificity 86.7%,sensitivity 66.7%)and 5.9%(specificity 73.8%,sensitivity 80.1%)in the two population groups,and 5.6% for diagnosis of IGR (specificity 82.8%,sensitivity 55.8%)and 5.7%(specificity 60.9%,sensitivity 64.3%),respectively.87.8%,78.7%,and 38.5% were diagnosed diabetes by current OGTT criteria at HbA1C levels of ≥5.7%,≥5.9%,and≥6.5%,IGR being 61.6%,39.6%,and 4.1%,and normal glucose tolerance being 24.4%,10.0%,and 0.4%.Conclusion The cutpoints of HbA1C for diagnosis of diabetes and IGR are different in populations with different ages and HbA1C levels.As one of diagnostic criteria for diabetes,HbA1C 6.5% with relatively higher specificity and lower sensitivity must be combined with fasting blood glucose,random blood glucose,and OGTT.