Objective To evaluate the effect of anisodamine in the air reduction for child intussusception. Methods Repeating the air reduction method for child intussusception after 20-30 min, muscular injection of anisodamine 5 mg, in 550 failure patients with routine air reduction method. Results 468 cases of intussusception persisted after routine air reduction were undergone second air reduction after administation of anisodamine with all outcoming of successful reduction. Other 82 cases still remained with intussusception after repeating the same procedure with anisodamine injection including 2 perforation cases; all were then undertaken surgical operation. Conclusion Air reduction for child intessusception with anisodamine is an easy and effective method ought to be recommanded.

Objective To investigate the effect of L-carnitine (LCN) on heart function following myocardial contusion in mongrel dogs.Methods Twenty-four male mongrel dogs were randomly divided into myocardial contusion group,low dose LCN group (LCN1 group),and high dose LCN group (LCN2 group) with 8 dogs per group,according to the random number table.The model of myocardial contusion was established in all groups.LCN1 and LCN2 groups were respectively treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg LCN for three consecutive days before the injury and afterward.Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular ± dp/dt were recorded 30 min before injury,and 30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h as well as 6 h after injury.Blood samples were withdrawn from femoral vein to detect the levels of creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB),cardiac troponin I (cTnI),and malondialdehyde (MDA).Wall motion score index (WMSI) was observed using the ultrasound examination 1 day before and 5 hours after injury.Myocardial tissue was available at 6 hours after injury for the examination of content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).Results LVSP and ± dp/dtmax appeared a downward trend after injury,while a gradual increase in LVEDP.And the changes were relatively smaller with LCN intervention,especially in LCN2 group.Levels of CK-MB,cTnI and MDA increased after injury,but the same time point showed lower levels in LCN groups (especially in LCN2 group) as compared to myocardial contusion group (P ＜ 0.05).WMSI increased 5 hours after the injury,but the increase was higher in myocardial contusion group (2.46 ±0.31) than that in LCN1 group (1.91 ± 0.23) and LCN2 group (1.85 ± 0.25) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in WMSI between the two LCN groups (P ＞ 0.05).Level of ATP in myocardial contusion group was (11.3 ± 1.6) μg/g,which was improved after LCN intervention (P ＜ 0.05),and the improvement was much higherin LCN2 group than in LCN1 group[(21.3±3.9) ug/g vs (15.7±2.8)ug/g] (P＜0.05).Conclusion LCN can alleviate the adverse effect of myocardial contusion on cardiac function in mongrel dogs,which may be associated with the reduced energy imbalance induced by LCN.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury in infants undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect.Methods Forty ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ infants,aged 3-6 months,weighing 4-6 kg,scheduled for elective repair of ventricular septal defect,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20each):control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,etomidate,cisatracurium and sufenanil.The infants were mechanically ventilated after nasotracheal intubation.PET CO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg,Anesthesia was maintained with cisatracurium,sufenanil and sevoflurane.In group D,dexmedetomidine was infused at 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation.While in group C normal saline was given at the same rate until the end of operation.BP and HR were recorded at 10 min before operation (T1),skin incision (T2),chest opening (T3),10 min after aortic unclamping (T4) and the end of operation (T5).Blood samples were taken from the right internal jugular vein for determination of plasma creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) activity and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations at T1,T5 and 24 h after operation (T6).Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,no significant changes were found in HR and BP at different time points in group D,HR and BP were significanfly increased at T2-T5 in group C,and the plasma CK-MB ctivity and cTnT concentration were significantly increased at T5 and T6 in the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).HR and BP at T2-5 and plasma CK-MB activity and cTnT concentration at T5 and T6 were significantly lower in group D than in group C (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine infused at 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 after induction can reduce myocardial injury in infants undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect.

Objective To explore the influence of resistive respiratory training for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) on rehabilitation effect.Methods According to the digital table,68 COPD patients were randomly divided into the observation group and control group,34 cases each group.The observation group were taken respiratory muscle training under the supervision of rehabilitation nurses for 8 weeks,and the respir-atory muscle training including shrinkage lip diaphragm breathing training and abdominal muscle resistance training. Before and after the abdominal muscle resistance training and training were given 1 h double nasal oxygen tube contin-uous low flow oxygen inhalation.The control group were taken pursed lips abdominal breathing training.In the two groups before treatment and 8 weeks after, the blood gas analysis ( PaO2 , PaCO2 ) , pulmonary function test ( FEV1 , FEV1/FVC%) and respiratory muscle function( MIP,MEP) were detected.Results After treatment,blood gas anal-ysis in the two groups comparison(tPaO2 =2.95,tPaCO2 =2.07),pulmonary function(tFEV1 =2.38,tFEV1/FVC%=2.04) and respiratory muscle physiology index(tMIP =6.40,tMEP =4.04),the differences were statistically (all P<0.05).In the observed group before and after treatment,blood gas analysis(tPaO2 =19.23,tPaCO2 =3.05),pulmonary function(tFEV1 =2.67,tFEV1/FVC%=4.19)and respiratory muscle physiology index(tMIP=9.09,tMEP=9.67) were compared,the differences were statistically(all P<0.01).Conclusion Respiratory mus-cle resistance training can improve COPD patients with respiratory muscle strength and endurance,and it has the cura-tive effect to improve pulmonary function.

Objective To investigate the effects of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR)on vasorelaxation/vasoconstriction of superior mes-enteric artery (SMA)in rats and its relationship to endothelium.Methods With endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded SMA rings of rats,the effects of CaSR-specific allosteric modulator cinacalcet on the SMA rings pre-contracted with norepinephrine (NE),and vascular contractile response /relaxation reactivity were observed.Results Cinacalcet had no effects on resting tension of SMA rings with or without endothelium.Cinacalcet caused a significant relaxation in the endothelium-intact SMA rings pre-contraction with NE in a dose-dependent manner.Endothelium denudation abolished cinacalcet-induced vasorelaxation.Pretreatment with cinacalcet for 30 minutes decreased the con-tractile response of endothelium-intact SMA rings to NE,but had no significant influence on relaxation reactivity.In the endothelium-denuded SMA rings,cinacalcet did not affect both vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation.Conclusion CaSR plays an important role in the regulation of the vascular reactivity,and this effect is endothelium-dependent.

Objective To investigate platelet-derived growth factor ( PDGF ) protection on blood flow and mitochondrial function of hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into six groups including shock group, lactated ringer's solution (LR) resuscitation group,PDGF treatment groups(1,3. 5,7,15μg/kg). Laster-Doppler and oxygen concentration determination method were applied to observe the protective effect of PDGF treatment on animal survival,blood flow and mitochondrial function in liver and kidney. Re-sults As compared with LR resuscitation group,PDGF treatment increased animal survival rate and also improved blood fiow of liver and kindy,mitochondrial respiration control ration(RCR),of which the group with 3. 5μg/kg had the best result. Conclusion This finding sug-gests that PDGF may be a potential agent to treat acute critical such as hemorrhagic shock.

Objective To investigate the beneficial effects of cyclosporin A ( CsA) on traumatic hemorrhagic shock in rats. Methods The traumatic hemorrhagic shock model was adopted in 144 SD rats which were divided into 6 groups: sham-operated group,shock control group,lactated Ringer's solution ( LR) group,CsA 1 mg/kg,5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg group. The effects of three doses of CsA on the animal survival time and 24 h survival rate were observed,and the effects of CsA on hemodynamic parameters,including mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP) ,left intraventricular systolic pressure ( LVSP) ,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LVEDP) ,maximal change rate of left intraven-tricular pressure ( ± dp/dtmax ) and heart rate ( HR) were also observed. Results CsA at the concentration of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg can significantly increase the survival time and 24 h survival rate of shock rats,the survival rate was increased to 56. 3% from 25% of LR group. After shock,the hemodynamic parameters were significantly decreased including MAP,LVSP and ± dp/dtmax ,LR infusion only improved the hemodynamics to some extent,which were significantly lower than those in sham-operated group. CsA (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) can signifi-cantly improve the hemodynamics of shock rats including LVSP and ± dp/dtmax ,which were increased at 2 h after resuscitation as compared to LR group,and return to about normal levels. 1 mg/kg of CsA also restored the hemodynamic parameters, but there were no significant differences between CsA 1 mg/kg group and LR group. Conclusion CsA has good beneficial effect on traumatic hemorrhagic shock,and 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CsA showed a better effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) combined with norepinephrine (NE) in treatment of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS) in rats.Methods UHS models were produced in rats and divided into three groups according to the random number table,which were resuscitated with LR equivalent to 1/2 (17.5 ml/kg) of shed blood,LR equivalent to 1/4 (8.75 mL/kg) of shed blood and without LR respectively.Each group was subdivided into six groups:AVP1 (0.04 U/kg) group,AVP2 (0.4 U/kg) group,NE (3 μg/kg) group,AVP1 + NE group,AVP2 + NE group and LR control group,with 10 rats per group.Effects of single AVP or NE infusion or combined infusion respectively grouped with different doses of LR on survival time and hemodynamics of UHS rats were observed.Results Compared with AVP,NE and AVP + NE groups without LR or with LR equivalent to 1/2 of shed blood respectively,AVP2 + NE group with LR equivalent to 1/4 of shed blood provided better main artery pressure (MAP),prolonged survival time and enhanced 4-hour survival rate in treatment of UHS rats.Moreover,survival time and 24-hour survival rate were increased significantly and hemodynamic parameters like MAP,left intraventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximal change rate of left intraventricular pressure (± dp/dt max) were improved after hemostasis.Conclusion AVP (0.04 U/kg) + NE (3 μg/kg) infusion with LR equivalent to 1/4 of shed blood prior to hematosis can win the time for definitive treatment and improve the treatment outcome.

Objective To investigate the effects of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and phospholipase D2 (PLD2) on the proliferation and apoptosis of a human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431.Methods Three small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were constructed targeting the AQP3 and PLD2 genes separately,and transfected into A431 cells using liposomes.Then,fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to find the most efficient siRNAs.Western blot was conducted to detect the protein expression levels of AQP3 and PLD2 in A431 cells after transfection with the selected AQP3-siRNA and PLD2-siRNA.Some A431 cells were divided into five groups:normal control group without any treatment,transfection reagent group treated with the oligofectamine reagent only,negative control group transfected with the negative control siRNA,AQP3-siRNA group transfected with the selected AQP3-siRNA,PLD2-siRNA group transfected with the selected PLD2-siRNA.After additional culture,cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation of A431 cells,flow cytometry to detect the apoptosis of A431 cells after annexin V-fluorescein isocyanate/propidium iodide double-staining.Statistical analysis was carried out by the paired t test.Results The transfection with AQP3-siRNA and PLD2-siRNA induced a significant decrease in the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and PLD2 respectively in A431 cells when compared with the untransfected cells.Compared with the negative control group,the proliferation of A431 cells was significantly decelerated at 24,48 and 72 hours after transfection in the AQP3-siRNA group (t =24.10,11.00,9.54,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01) and PLD2-siRNA group (t =30.47,7.02,8.73,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).A significant increase was observed in the apoptosis of A431 cells at 48 and 72 hours after transfection with AQP3-siRNA (t =11.36,20.91,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01),and at 72 hours after transfection with PLD2-siRNA (t =4.86,P ＜ 0.05) compared with the negative control group.Conclusion The down-regulation of AQP3 and PLD2 expressions by siRNA can inhibit the proliferation,but induce the apoptosis,of A431 cells.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanisms of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch solution (HSH) against the cerebral vasospasm (CVS) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to four groups according to the random number table,with 6 rats in each group.The SAH-CVS model was reproduced by injection of the blood twice through the cisterna magna.Rats in both model and HSH treatment groups received 8 mL/kg normal saline (NS) or HSH treatment everyday via caudal vein.Rats in sham group were injected with 1.5 mL/kg NS into cisterna magna followed by 8 mL/kg NS treatment.Rats in normal group received no treatment.Rats were sacrificed to harvest basilar artery after 7 days.The thickness of vessel wall and lumen area were measured using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The rate of apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) was assessed using flow cytometry.Caspase-3 activity was measured by a fluorometric assay.The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by Western Blot.Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by H2DCFDA.Results Compared with normal group,increased thickness of vessel wall (μm:27.72 ± 1.94 vs.18.30 ± 1.10,P＜0.05),decreased lumen area (μm2:26 115 ± 1 991 vs.55 080 ± 2 091,P＜0.05),and elevation of rate of apoptosis of VSMCs [(35.05 ± 5.54) ％ vs.(5.93 ± 1.53) ％,P＜ 0.05] were found in model group.Compared with model group,decreased thickness of vessel wall (μm:22.55 ± 1.50 vs.27.72 ± 1.94,P＜0.05),increase of lumen area (μm2:48 115 ±2 460 vs.26 115 ± 1 991,P＜0.05),and depressed rate of apoptosis of VSMCs [(16.54 ± 5.94) ％ vs.(35.05 ± 5.54) ％,P＜ 0.05] were found in HSH treatment group.Caspase-3 activity,intracellular ROS level,Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in model group were (188.40 ± 19.35)％,(163.50 ± 17.02)％,(208.71 ± 26.04)％ and (44.52 ± 9.61) ％ of those of normal group,and the differences of these parameters between model and normal groups were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Caspase-3 activity,intracellular ROS level,Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in HSH treatment group were (135.05 ± 19.52)％,(119.44 ± 11.50)％,(139.20 ± 18.04)％ and (85.35 ± 13.12)％ of those of normal group,respectively,and the differences of these parameters between HSH treatment and model groups were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The differences of all measurements between sham and normal groups were not statistically significant.Conclusion The current results demonstrate that HSH attenuates the SAH-induced CVS,alleviates thickness of vessel wall,and increases lumen area via inhibition of VSMCs apoptosis.