Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity of sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) and chloramine-T at a same available chlorine concentration. Methods: L929 fibroblasts were used to test the cytotoxicity of NaOCl and chloramine-T at a same available chlorine concentration (0.500 0%, 0.250 0%,0.200 0%, 0.150 0%, 0.125 0%, 0.062 5%). Cell viability after 2 h, 30 min or 10 min exposure were measured by MTT assay. Results: Except the 0.500 0%-2 h group and 0.062 5%-30 min group, cell viability of NaOCl groups were higher than chloramine-T group(P<0.05). Conclusion: NaOCl solution has less cytotoxicity than chloramine-T at a same available chlorine concentration lower than 0.250 0%.

Objective:To compare the effects of three root canal sealers with respect to time on biocom-patibility of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).The sealers included zinc oxide and eugenol based sealers (ZOE),epoxy resin sealers (ERS)and silicone based sealers (SBS).Methods:hPDLCs were primarily cultured,with the method combining of tissue explant and enzymatic digestion.The cells were then exposed to different extract fluids:(1)ZOE extracted for 24 h group ;(2)ZOE extracted for 1 week group;(3)ZOE extracted for 2 weeks group;(4)ERS extracted after 24 h group;(5)ERS extracted after 1 week group;(6)ERS extracted after 2 weeks group;(7)SBS extracted after 24 h group;(8)SBS extracted after 1 week group;(9)SBS extracted after 2 weeks group;(10)Dulbecco modified Eagle’s me-dium/F12(DMEM/F12)as negative control group.Cell morphology was observed under an inverted mi-croscope.Cell proliferation was measured by methyl-thiazol-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT)assay.ALP assay kit was used for measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP)activity.Sealers of 2 weeks’setting time were then immersed in an osteogenic medium for examination of mineral nodules and calcium deposits.Re-sults:Considering the relative growth rate (RGR),ZOE was severely to moderately cytotoxic (RGR:13.6% -39.9%),while ERS was slightly or not cytotoxic (RGR:87.6% -95.3%).Only SBS did not show any cytotoxicity after setting (RGR:91.8% -106.7%).The setting time influenced the cytotoxic-ity of ERS which decreased after 1 week.Considering the ALP activity,there was no difference between SBS group and control group(F =3.397,P =0.053).According to the results of calcium deposits, ZOE:D562 nm =0.180 ±0.050,ERS:D562 nm =2.968 ±0.201,SBS:D562 nm =3.623 ±0.039,Control:D562 nm =3.477 ±0.102,the ranking of ALP activity and calcium deposits was as follows:ZOE

Objective To explore the role and significance of standardized scheme for diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE).Methods The clinical data of 163 consecutive PTE patients who were treated in our hospital from Jan.1972 to Dec.2006 were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into group A and group B based on the time of application of standardized treatment and diagnosis for PTE.The clinical data of the two groups were analyzed and compared.Results The main risk factors included deep vein thrombus,operation,injury,fracture and tumors,etc.Dyspnea was the most important clinical symptoms.The incidences of dyspnea in group A and B were 92.5% and 84.6%,respectively.The diagnostic case and the ratio of final diagnosis in group B was increased compared to those in group A on an annual basis.The median time for diagnosis was shortened(P

ObjectiveTo compare the neonatal outcomes between infants of assisted conception (AC) and natural conception (NC). Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted.Eligible mothers were invited to this study at 28 weeks of gestation and were followed up to delivery.All newborns were examined by pediatricians right after birth.Data including gestational age,birth weight,admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU),and presence of any major malformation were collected.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0.Difference between two groups was compared by x2 test. ResultsSix hundred and seventy-three newborns were enrolled into this study,including 325 in AC group and 348 in NC group.There were no differences between the demographic characteristics of the two groups,including maternal age,parents' education,family income and proportion of primipara (P＞0.05).The incidences of twins (32.62％ vs 3.45％,x2 =98.88),preterm birth (30.46％ vs 7.76％,x2=56.92),low birth weight infant (32.31％ vs 8.91％,x2 =57.07)and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (27.38％ vs 8.91％,x2 =39.16) and proportion of cesarean birth (62.77％ vs 21.55％,x2=117.64) in AC group were significantly higher than in NC group (all P＜0.01),except for the incidence of birth defect (4.62％ vs 2.59％,x2=2.01,P＞ 0.05).However,no significant differences was found in the above items when only singletons were compared between the two groups (P＞0.05),except for the cesarean section rate (61.18％ vs 22.03％,x2 =100.93,P＜0.01).There were no difference in any of the above neonatal outcomes when different assisted reproductive technologies applied were compared(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,intracytoplasmic sperm injection and frozen embryo transfer) (P＞0.05).Conclusions Neonatal outcome after assisted conception is a bit worse than natural conception,which might mainly due to the large proportion of multiple pregnancy after assisted conception.In order to improve neonatal outcome after assisted conception,the number of embryos transferred should be limited.

Objective To investigate the effects in elasticity of anterior tibial artery in new patients with type 2 diabetes caused by medicines of reducing blood sugar. Methods One hundred patients with type 2 diabetes were involved. The patients were divided into control group(50 cases) and case group(50 cases) according the vascular complications (including macroangiopathy and microangiopathy). Maxmum of circumferential strain(CSmax) of anterior tibial artery was acquired through strain and strain rate imaging. Local blood pressure which included local systolic blood pressure(LSBP) and local diastolic blood pressure (LDBP) of anterior tibial artery was measured at the same time. Strain-blood pressure index(SBPI) of anterior tibial artery was calculated, SBPI = CSmax/[(LSBP - LDBP)/LDBP] × 100%. It took six months for each patient to take medicines of reducing blood sugar. Then SBPI of anterior tibial artery was calculated again. Parameters were compared inter- and intra-groups. Results SBPI of anterior tibial artery after therapy was higher than that before therapy in control group( P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between SBPI of anterior tibial artery before therapy and that after therapy in case group( P >0. 05). SBPI of anterior tibial artery in case group was lower than that in control whatever before and after therapy( P < 0. 05). Conclusions The protection of medicines of reducing blood sugar on elasticity of anterior tibial artery in new diabetic patients without vascular complications was better.

Objective To investigate the clinical value and the feasibility of strain-blood pressure index(SBPI) in assessing the elasticity of brachial artery and anterior tibial artery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Forty-six type 2 diabetic patients and 50 healthy volunteers were involved. Maxmum of circumferential strain (CSmax) of brachial artery and anterior tibial artery were acquired through strain and strain rate imaging(Xstrain). Local systolic blood pressure(LSBP) and local diastolic blood pressure(LDBP) of brachial artery and anterior tibial artery were measured at the same time. SBPI,tibial-brachial index (TBI), and ankle-brachial index(ABI) were calculated, SBPI = CSmax/[(LSBP-LDBP) /LDBP]×100%,TBI = SBPI of anterior tibial artery/SBPI of brachial artery, ABI = LSBP of anterior tibial artery/LSBP of brachial artery. Parameters were compared between the case group and the control group. Results SBPI of anterior tibial artery and TBI had significant difference between the case group and the control group( P < 0.05), while SBPI of brachial and ABI had no significant difference( P >0. 05).Conclusions SBPI might be a new index for evaluating the elasticity of medium-sized arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes, and different changes caused by type 2 diabetes between brachial artery and anterior tibial artery could be reflected by TBI.

Objective To investigate the correlation between intima-media thickness(IMT)and elasticity of carotid in patients with type 2 diabetes accompanied hyperlipidemia by quantitative intima-media thickness(QIMT)and quantitative arterial stiffness(QAS)technique.Methods Fifty-six patients with type 2 diabetes accompanied hyperlipidemia were involved into the study as case group.Forty-eight healthy volunteers were supplied as normal control group in the same period.IMT,compliance coefficient(CC),distensibility coefficient(DC)and stiffness index(β)of carotid were acquired through QIMT and QAS.Case group was divided into case group 1(IMT＜0.9mm)and case group 2(IMT≥0.9 mm),and analysis was performed furtherly.Results β,triglyceride(TG),lowdensity lipoprotein(LDL),cholesterol(Ch),glycosylated hemoglobin(GHb)and IMT had significant differences in case group 1,case group 2 and control group(P＜0.05),control group＜case group 1＜case group 2.DC and CC had significant differences in case group 1,case group 2 and control group(P＜0.05),control group＞case group 1＞case group 2.There was significant positive correlation between β and age,GHb,LDL and IMT of carotid respectively(r=0.811,r:0.764,r=0.732,r:0.729,respectively,P=0.000).Conchmions IMT of carotid could be measured accurately by QIMT.Structure imaging and functional imaging of carotid might be combined organically through QIMT and QAS.Depth study about early change of carotid in structure and function could be performed with these two techniques.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of peroral cholangioscopy for residual stones after retrograde chalangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods The soft-tipped guidewire (0.021in) was linked to 3-0 silk thread on the front of extraction balloon catheter outside as a guide device.After retrograde chalangiopancreato-graphy (ERCP) for common bile duct stones,extraction balloon with the guide device was sent to intrahepatic bile duct by duodenoscopy,and residual stones were observed and removed with a stone basket directly under ultrathin upper endoscope if the residual stones were small ; if the stones were large,they were crushed with electrohydraulic lithotripsy before being removed.Results The ultrathin upper endoscope were successfully inserted into hilar bile duct in 42 cases of 46 patients,and failed in 4 cases,and the success rate of insertion was 91.3％.The mean time was 11.3 min from the mouth into hilar bile duct.Stones were found larger than 4 mm in diameter in 6 of 42 patients,and stone residual rate was 14.3％.The biggest stone was 10 mm× 12 mm in diameter.Stones were found in in 2 of 27 patients after ERCP,and the stone residual rate was 7.4％.Stones were found in 4 of 15 patients after ERCP basket lithotripsy,and the stone residual rate was 26.7％.Stones were removed directly in 5 in 6 cases with extraction basket,they were crushed in 1 case by electrohydraulic lithotripsy and then removed with basket.No serious complications were observed.Conclusion The application of peroral cholangioscopy using an ultrathin upper endoscope is feasible.The method is a useful endoscopic procedure for extraction of residual stones,which helps to avoid repeated treatment.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and treatment efficiency for lung cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods Total 282 cases of lung cancer patients with VTE were enrolled into two groups , including the VTE group and the non-VTE group , for comparation analysis based on a series of clinical data. Results The occupation rate of adenocarcinoma and Ⅳ period were 65.28% and 87.50% in VTE group, respectively, higher than those of 51.43% and 75.71% in the non-VTE group. The increased rate of blood viscosity and d-dimer respectively were 65.28% and 70.83%, higher than those of 51.43% and 56.67% in the non-VTE group, with significant differences (P < 0.05, respectively). Result of logistic regression analysis showed that tumor stage , d-dimer levels , smoking , age , and blood viscosity levels were highly correlated with venous thrombosis in patients with lung cancer, and the OR value among them was 3.802, 2.339, 5.814, 3.875 and 6.404, respectively, with significant differencees (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions Lung adenocarcinoma with stage Ⅳ, smoking , age and increase of blood viscosity and d-dimer were the important risk factors for VTE in patients with lung cancer chemotherapy. Timely assessment of risk factors and early anticoagulation therapy in lung cancer patients with venous thromboembolism associated with VTE can improve the treatment efficacy and reduce the complications.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) in the treatment of refractory common bile duct stones after retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods Data of 13 patients who underwent peroral direct cholangioscopy for refractory common bile duct stones after retrograde cholangiopancreatography at our institution from April 2012 to August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Completion rate,side-effects and complications were summarized.Results Peroral direct cholangioscopy was successfully performed with electrohydraulic lithotripsy and stones were removed in 12 of the 13 patients.Lithotripsy and stone removal failed in one patient,though the ultraslim endoscope accessed distal common bile duct near the stone.Stones were removed directly with extraction basket under PDCS in 7 patients,and duodenoscopy was performed in 5 patients due to too many stone fragments.Stone removal was successfully completed at one time in 9 cases.Stones removal failed in 3 cases at one time because of too many stone fragments,but was successful with duodenoscopy a week later after a temporary biliary tract stenting.Andoxygen saturation decreased in one patient due to vomit during the operation.Sputum in oropharyngeal area was immediately sucked out and the gastric juice at the bottom of the stomach was also sucked by endoscopy.Oxygen saturation returned to normal levels and the subsequent operation was not affected.No aspiration pneumonia occurred after the operation.Hyperamylasemia occurred in two patients,and postoperative biliary tract infection occurred in one,but the situation was controlled after appropriate treatment.Conclusion PDOS using an ultraslim endoscopy is an effective and feasible endoscopic procedure for the refractory common bile duct stones.This study provides a new method for the treatment of refractory common bile duct stones.