Objective:To compare the effects of three root canal sealers with respect to time on biocom-patibility of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).The sealers included zinc oxide and eugenol based sealers (ZOE),epoxy resin sealers (ERS)and silicone based sealers (SBS).Methods:hPDLCs were primarily cultured,with the method combining of tissue explant and enzymatic digestion.The cells were then exposed to different extract fluids:(1)ZOE extracted for 24 h group ;(2)ZOE extracted for 1 week group;(3)ZOE extracted for 2 weeks group;(4)ERS extracted after 24 h group;(5)ERS extracted after 1 week group;(6)ERS extracted after 2 weeks group;(7)SBS extracted after 24 h group;(8)SBS extracted after 1 week group;(9)SBS extracted after 2 weeks group;(10)Dulbecco modified Eagle’s me-dium/F12(DMEM/F12)as negative control group.Cell morphology was observed under an inverted mi-croscope.Cell proliferation was measured by methyl-thiazol-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT)assay.ALP assay kit was used for measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP)activity.Sealers of 2 weeks’setting time were then immersed in an osteogenic medium for examination of mineral nodules and calcium deposits.Re-sults:Considering the relative growth rate (RGR),ZOE was severely to moderately cytotoxic (RGR:13.6% -39.9%),while ERS was slightly or not cytotoxic (RGR:87.6% -95.3%).Only SBS did not show any cytotoxicity after setting (RGR:91.8% -106.7%).The setting time influenced the cytotoxic-ity of ERS which decreased after 1 week.Considering the ALP activity,there was no difference between SBS group and control group(F =3.397,P =0.053).According to the results of calcium deposits, ZOE:D562 nm =0.180 ±0.050,ERS:D562 nm =2.968 ±0.201,SBS:D562 nm =3.623 ±0.039,Control:D562 nm =3.477 ±0.102,the ranking of ALP activity and calcium deposits was as follows:ZOE

AIM: To investigate the relationship between bone metabolism and serum leptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) postmenopausal female patients. METHODS: Totally 80 postmenopausal female inpatients with T2DM (according to the diagnostic criteria of WHO1999) aged 60-80 years from Yangpu District Central Hospital who gave informed consent were enrolled in the present study from January 2004 to January 2006. Exclusive criteria: Subjects who taking medications such as estrogen, glucocorticoid, or calcium or phosphorus metabolism, having a history of gastrointestinal surgery and other endocrine diseases were excluded. Each subject's age, duration, menopausal period, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose (oxidation enzyme method), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (microcolumn affinity chromatography) and leptin levels (ELISA) were measured. Ultrasound characteristics of the right heel bone were measured with ultrasound bone densitometer (French UPIS3000) to identify the speed of sound (SOS), broanband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and stiffness (STI). STI was equal to 0.67?BUA+0.28?SOS-383. Linear correlation analysis was performed in ultrasound index, general index and leptin level. RESULTS: A total of 80 postmenopausal female inpatients with T2DM were involved in the result analysis. BUA, SOS and STI were negatively related with age (r =-0.342 to -0.298,P all

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetic (PK) behaviors of midazolam and its metabolite through intranasal and intragastric(ig) routes in rats. METHODS Twenty-four rats were evenly divided into 4 groups. Two groups of rats were administrated singly with midazolam (1 mg?kg-1) through intranasal or ig route. The other two groups were concomitant with CYP3A inhibitor,ketoconazole(30 mg?kg-1),midazolam(1 mg?kg-1)through the same two routes. Blood samples were collected from different time points. Plasma concentration of midazolam and 1′-hydroxymidazolam was determined. Major pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and statistical tests were performed by using t test. RESULTS Tmax was about 2 and 25 min for rats administered singly with midazolam via intranasal or ig routes,respectively and AUC was 296 and 179 μg?L-1?h, respectively. When concomitant with ketoconazole,AUC increased to 2.1 and 3.3 folds the original value for intranasal and ig routes,respectively. However,the Tmax value of midazolam via intranasally didn′t change after being coadministrated with ketoconazole,but Tmax increased to 1.14 h via ig. CONCLUSION Compared with administration via ig,intranasal route administrated midazolam displays significant advantages of faster absorption and higher exposure,which are vital for the first aid. Concomitant with CYP3A inhibitor and midazolam via intranasal route,the absorption speed is not affected,but with the metabolism blocked,the systemic exposure is greatly elevated. While via ig,both absorption speed and metabolism are inhibited. The dose should be cut down or the dosing interval increased in clinic practice in this concomitant situation.

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the effects of web-problem-based learning (WPBL) in the application of Fundamental Nursing.Methods The sample was purposively selected.172 students in School of Nursing in Tianjin were recruited as the control group (n=83) and the intervention group (n=89).Traditional teaching method and WPBL was implemented in the control group and the intervention group,respectively.The teaching effectiveness of the two groups was measured by the examination and learning initiative evaluation scale and the teaching effect evaluation questionnaire,and the teaching satisfaction questionnaire was implemented among the intervention group.SPSS 18.0 was used and t test was performed to analyze the comparison between groups.Results In the theoretical examination,the scores of comprehensive analysis of the nursing students in the intervention group were better than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In the evaluation of active learning after school,the scores of control learning in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant ([14.78 ± 2.16),vs.(13.58 ± 2.16),t=-3.58,P=0.000].83 effective questionnaires of intervention group nursing students' teaching satisfaction were recovered.73 of them (88％) thought that WPBL could improve the students' ability of independent learning,71 students (85.5％) found that WPBL could enhance the ability of information processing,73 students (88％) thought they could communicate well with their classmates in WPBL and cooperate well to complete the task.Conclusion WPBL which is on the basis of PBL and make full use of the network,could promote the ability of autonomous learning,information processing and communication with classmates and good cooperation,but in the application process,it needs teachers to organize reasonably,perfect the supervision mechanism,and reduce taking up students' spare time.

Objective:To study the dosimetric differences and short-term efficacy between intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy (IC/ISBT) and conventional intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT).Methods:Forty-five patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were treated with IC/ISBT and ICBT. Points A (A 1, A 2), D 90%, D 100%, organs at risk, and the doses of bladder, colon, rectum and small intestine were calculated and the short-term efficacy was observed between two groups. Results:Point A dose was significantly improved in IC/ISBT compared with ICBT ( P<0.05). The D 90% and D 100% in IC/ISBT were significantly higher than those in ICBT (both P<0.05). After brachytherapy, IC/ISBT could obtain a significantly larger increase in target dose when residual tumor diameter was ≥3 cm compared with ICBT ( P<0.05). The D 2cm 3 and D 0.1cm 3 of bladder, rectum, colon and small intestine did not significantly differ between IC/ISBT and ICBT (all P>0.05). The 1-, 3-and 6-month clinical efficacy did not significantly differ between two technologies (all P>0.05). Conclusion:During brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (residual tumor diameter ≥3 cm), IC/ISBT significantly increases the doses of target area and point A without increasing the dose of organs at risk or lowering the short-term clinical efficacy, which has significant dosimetric advantages.

Objective To investigate the value of Doppler ultrasound detection of blood flow parameters in venous catheter and middle cerebral artery for the prediction of fetal distress. Methods All 102 pregnant women who received antenatal examination in our hospital from March 2013 to January 2014 received Doppler ultrasound detection and were divided into the normal group and the fetal distress group according to the fetal status. Results The two groups had sta tistically significant differences in the fetal DV parameters(QDV/UV and PLI),MCA parameters(S/D and RI)and Apgar score(P<0.05). Conclusion Through detecting the indicators of venous catheter and fetal cerebral artery, Doppler ultrasound can reflect the fetal hypoxia situation and enables more accurate understanding of fetal distress, thus re-duces neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Objective To investigate the effect of Notch signaling pathway on human dental pulp cells.Methods The γ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester(DAPT) was applied to inhibit the Notch signaling pathway of human dental pulp cells.The solvent dimethly sulfoxide (DMSO) served as the negative control.Senescence conditions were evaluated by cells morphology changes,the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and its activity,senescenceassociated β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal) expression and the senescence related gene p53 expression.Results After inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway,morphology changes,including flatter cells,larger plasma area,were seen in the 10th passage human dental pulp cells.ALP expression and activity showed a significant decrease at the 8th passage after inhibition (35.36 ± 2.55) U/g,compared with the negative control group[(49.76 ±4.30) U/g] (t =4.989,P =0.008).SA-β-Gal-positive cells could be seen as early as the 8th passage and more positive cells were evident at the 10th passage.The relative expression level of p53 gene was elevated in the 10th passage cells(1.7 ±0.4) compared with the negative control group(1.0) (t =3.581,P =0.012).Conclusions Human dental pulp cells became senescent at earlier passages after inhibition of Notch signaling pathway.Notch signaling pathway may affect life cycle of human dental pulp cells.

Objective To analyze the reasonable and suitable level of serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] and Vitamin D(Vit D) supplement of premature infants born less than 32 weeks in the neo-natal intensive care unit. Methods For eligible premature infants hospitalized in our department from March 2016 to December 2017,Vit D 900 IU/d was supplemented one week after birth under the conditions of es-tablishing enteral feeding. The selected cases were divided into two groups based on different blood concentra-tion of serum 25(OH)D at four weeks after birth,for 38 cases≥25 ng/ml as group A and 24 cases 15 to 25 ng/ml as group B. Their bone mass density( BMD) were tested at correct gestational age of 40 weeks and compared with 40 term infants as control group at the same period. Results The serum concentrations of 25(OH) D in group A were (29.23 ±3.08)ng/ml at 4 weeks and (35.13 ±4.67)ng/ml at 8 weeks after birth respectively. At correct gestational age of 40 weeks,13. 2％(5/38) cases demonstrated the lower BMD. The serum concentrations of 25(OH) D in group B were (20. 12 ± 3. 95)ng/ml at 4 weeks and (22. 36 ± 4. 82)ng/ml at 8 weeks after birth respectively. At correct gestational age of 40 weeks,75. 0％(18/24) cases demonstrated the lower BMD. The differences between group A and control group were not statistically sig-nificant(χ2 =0. 06,P>0. 05),and differences between group B and control group were statistically signifi-cant(χ2 =25. 45,P<0. 001). Conclusion Premature should be given Vit D 900 IU/day or more with rea-sonable and sufficient calcium and phosphorus to maintain their concentration of serum 25(OH)D at about 29. 23 ng/ml and re-check their concentration of serum 25 ( OH) D every four weeks.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of E. coli peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) and the risk factors for its occurrence and treatment failure.Methods:The clinical data of patients with episodes of PDAP in four general hospitals in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the pathogenic bacteria, the patients were divided into E. coli and non- E. coli groups. The incidence of E. coli PDAP in the last seven years was calculated and the clinical characteristics were compared between two PDAP groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence and treatment failure of E. coli PDAP. Results:A total of 693 PDAP episodes/cases were enrolled in this study, including 100 episodes/cases in the E. coli group and 593 episodes/cases in the non- E. coli group. The incidence rate of E. coli PDAP in the four hospitals showed a decreasing trend during 2013 to 2019. Compared with the non-E.coli group, the proportion of diabetic patients and the average blood albumin levels in the E. coli group were lower ( χ2=5.006, Z=-2.992, P<0.05), while the proportion of refractory peritonitis was higher, and the duration of antibiotic therapy was longer ( χ2=6.350, Z=-2.779, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that history of PDAP ( OR=1.577, 95% CI: 1.015-2.448) and low baseline serum albumin level ( OR=0.958, 95% CI: 0.923-0.995) were independent risk factors for the development of E. coli PDAP, while concomitant diabetes was an independent protective factor for E. coli PDAP ( OR=0.538, 95% CI: 0.330-0.876). Moreover, long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for treatment failure of E. coli PDAP ( OR=1.047, 95% CI: 1.018-1.076). Conclusion:The incidence rate of E. coli PDAP in study institutions has declined in the past 7 years, but the rate of refractory PDAP is still high. The history of PDAP and low blood albumin level are independent risk factors for the occurrence of E. coli PDAP, while concomitant diabetes is an independent protective factor for the occurrence of E. coli PDAP. Long-term dialysis is an independent risk factor for treatment failure of E. coli PDAP.

We reported the diagnosis and treatment of a male infant with congenital tuberculosis. He was a small for gestational age (SGA) and formula-fed baby born virginally at the gestational age of 36 weeks. He was admitted to hospital at the age of 28 days for fever. His mother experienced untreated low fever and cough at 24-28 gestational weeks and was postnatally diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis encephalitis. Physical examination of the baby found hepatomegaly and splenomegaly on admission and the lab results indicated anaemia, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and impaired liver function. Acid-fast Bacillus was detected in gastric fluid smear test using acid-fast staining. The detection of T-cell ELIspots in tuberculosis infection (T-SPOT.TB) test was positive. Chest/abdominal X-rays showed multiple nodular and linear shadows in both lungs. Abdominal MRI revealed abnormal signals of diffuse nodular lesions in the liver and spleen. X-rays of the long bones showed few periosteal reactions in both femurs. Quadruple anti-tuberculosis therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and amikacin was initiated on admission and the patient experienced fluctuating body temperature, poor weight gain and CRP level ranging from 15 to 22 mg/L. Though the pulmonary lesion subsided after the treatment, no significant change occured in hepatic or splenic lesions. The baby boy was discharged from the hospital at the request of his parents on 39 d and lost to follow-up.