Objective To establish a method for rapid determination of nitrate in air. Methods Nitrate in air was absorbed using Na2CO3-NaHCO3 solution and the content of nitrate in the absorption liquid was determined by ion chromatography. Results The detection limit of NO3- was 0.008 mg/m3 when the sampling volume of air was 100 L. The linear correlation coefficient was 0.999 6. The relative standard deviation of the method was less than 5% and the recovery rates was 92.0%-96.7%. Conclusion The method had good selectivity and was simple and rapid for the determination of nitrate in air.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors TrkA, TrkC and the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75~ NTR) protein in laser-induced retinal injury. Methods The Wistar rats were anesthetized and exposed to frequency doubling Neodymium:Yttrium,aluminum garnet(ND:YAG,?=532nm) laser for 100 plus per eye, which were sacrificed on 12 hours,1,3,7,14 and 28 days after laser exposure and eyeball was taken out. We investigated retinal histology by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the expression of TrkA, TrkC and p75~ NTR protein was studied by means of immunohistochemistry. Results Immunohistochemistry results showed a differential distribution for these three neurotrophin receptors in the laser injuried retina. TrkA was enhanced in nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer(GCL) and inner nuclear layer(INL) ,which is the most nuclei of the ganglion cells, proximal M?ller cell end feet and a little cells in the innermost part of the INL, its peak of up-regulation was after day 1-3, after day 28 there was sustained. Whereas TrkC and p75~ NTR expression was enhanced in the outer nuclear layer(ONL), which is distal M?ller cell processes, TrkC up-regulated after 12 hours, its peak was on day 1-3, after day 28 there was sustained, p75~ NTR up-regulated after 24 hours, its peak was on day 3, on day 14-28 there was sustained in the GCL, which is proximal M?ller cell processes. Conclusion The expression of TrkA, TrkC and p75~ NTR participated in the course of laser injuried retinal pathology.

Objective To design a calculation method for medical equipment dynamic capability usage rate to provide guidance for capability development and purchasing demonstration during the utilization of large medical equipment.Methods Statistical analysis was executed on the application of all the capabilities of some medical equipment,and the utilization rates were obtained on each capability and dynamic capability respectively.Results The proposed method reflected accurately the application of each capability of the equipment when compared with the conventional way.Conclusion The dynamic calculation method can accurately reflect the capability utilization of a single device,and can be further applied to the evaluation of the capability utilization of all the equipment,which provides guidance for the development of equipment capabilities and procurement.

Objective:To study the feasibility,safety and effectiveness of intrapericardial injection with a trans-diaphragmatic approach in rats and its value in the study of heart diseases. Methods:Blue-black ink,recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein((eGFP)) gene,0.9% sodium chloride solution were respectively injected into pericardium of rats in three different groups(Group ink,Group eGFP and Group sodium chloride) by intrapericardial injection with a trans-diaphragmatic approach.Autopsy was done and hemodynamic parameters were measured and cryosection was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Results:The injection was proved successful in all rats in Group ink.Green fluorescence was detected in cryosection of all hearts in Group eGFP and the expression of green fluorescent protein was ubiquitously,but not homongeneous.No rat died during and after the operation among the operated rats(rats in Group eGFP and Group sodium chloride).There was no difference between hemodynamic parameters of the operated rats and those of the controls.Conclusion:The intrapericardial injection with a trans-diaphragmatic approach is a simple,feasible,safe and valid operation and suitable for small experimental animals.And it suggests an easy, safe,efficient and cheap technique in the study of heart diseases.

Objective To investigate the clinic application of micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of maxil-lary protrusion malocclusion. Methods Twenty-two patients,aged 18 to 25 years old,with maxillary protrusion were divid-ed into two groups:experimental group and control group with 11 patients in each group. All patients were treated with ex-traction. Micro-screw palatal implant was used in the cases of experimental group as orthodontic anchorage ,and traditional anchorage composed of extraoral arch used in the cases of control. The cephalometric films were measured before and after treatment. Statistical methods were utilized to analyze the morphological changes of facial profile and hard tissues in both groups. Results The values of U1-NA(mm:3.08±1.18 vs 8.15±3.05) and U1-SN(101.90°±3.50° vs 117.90°±6.05°) were sig-nificantly decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment in the experimental group ( P<0.01). The value of U1-L1(123.98°±5.78°vs 103.89°±8.95°) was significantly increased after treatment (P<0.01). In control group, the values of U1-NA (mm:5.01±1.34 vs 9.12±2.13) and U1-SN(101.90°±3.97° vs 114.87°±7.69°)were significantly decreased after treat-ment. The values of U1-L1(126.01°±3.12°vs 112.98°±5.98°) and U6-PtPNS(mm:21.45±2.43 vs 18.36±2.19)were significant-ly increased after treatment (P<0.05). The value of U1-L1(19.48°±8.90° vs 13.01°±5.90°) was significantly changed in exper-imental group than that of control group, but the value of U6-PtPNS(mm:0.90±0.29 vs 3.78±0.12)was significantly changed in control than that of experimental group (P<0.01). Conclusion The maxillary protrusion malocclusion with micro-im-plant anchorage can be used as treatment for patients with maxillary protrusion that needs strong anchorage.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of panoramic mandibular index (PMI) in detecting the bone mineral density (BMD) of mandibular bone and whole-body bone in patients with chronic end-stage renal failure. Methods A total of thirty patients with peritoneal dialysis treatment were used as experimental group and 31 healthy adults were used as control group. The panoramic jaw tomography was taken for the measurement of superior PMI (sPMI) and inferior PMI (iPMI) in two groups. The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to detect BMD of lumbar spine bone. Data were compared between two groups. The correlation of sPMI, iPMI and BMD of lumbar spine bone was analyzed. Results All indicators including sPMI(0.262 2 ± 0.026 7 vs 0.284 2 ± 0.025 4, t=3.301) , iPMI (0.314 1 ± 0.028 3 vs 0.334 1 ± 0.027 5, t=2.808) and BMD of lumbar spine bone (0.832 3 ± 0.101 0 vs 0.906 9 ± 0.113 6,t=2.709) were significantly lower in experimental group than those in control group (P＜0.01). There was a positive correlation between sPMI and iPMI with BMD of lumbar spine bone (r=0.439 and 0.389, P＜0.05). The BMD of lumbar spine bone was significantly lower in female patients than that of male patients in control group (0.849 7±0.114 7 vs 0.968 0±0.076 3,t=3.357). The BMD of lumbar spine bone was also significantly lower in female patients than that of male patients in experimental group (0.775 4±0.068 4 vs 0.882 1±0.099 9,t=3.365). There were no significant differences in values of sPMI and iPMI between male and female patients of two groups. Conclusion The BMD of mandibular bone is lower in patients with chronic end-stage renal failure than that of the normal people. PMI index is a simple and effective method to detect the BMD of mandibular bone, which can reflect the BMD of whole body bone in patients with chronic end-stage renal disease.

AIM: To observe the growthinhibiting cell cycle-modifying and apoptosis-inducing effects of satraplatin on human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: The effect of satraplatin on A2780 cells proliferation was determined using MTT, and the change in cell cycle was analyzed using PI staining. Morphologic change was visualized by fluorescence and electron microscopy. AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining multiparameter flow cytometry and immuno- histochemical TUNEL assay were used to detect apoptotic cells. The activity of caspase-3 and the effect of pan-caspase inhibitor on cell viability were measured as well. RESULTS: The growthinhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects of satraplatin were dose-dependent and similar to those of cisplatin. Satraplatin mainly caused A2780 cell accumulation in S phase accompanied by minor accumulation in G2/M phase. Cells treated with satraplatin exhibited typical morphology of apoptosis. Satraplatin-induced increase in caspase-3 activity of A2780 cells was concentration-dependent. The viability of A2780 cells was affected by pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk in a dose-dependent manner under certain concentration of z-VAD-fmk. CONCLUSION: Satraplatin-induced apoptosis in A2780 in vitro was observed. Caspase-dependent and independent pathways were involved in apoptosis induced by satraplatin, and the latter included caspase-3 dependent and non-caspase-3 dependent pathways.

Objective To explore the difference involved in the activation of inflammation pathway and the plasma level of inflammatory factors in the subjects with different sorts of insulin sensitivity. Methods The study was carried out in 38 women, consisting of obesity (n = 22 ) and control (n = 16 ) groups according to body mass index. The insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR). Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (II-6) and IL-1β were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Western blot analysis was used to examine total protein expression and phosphorylation levels of IκB kinase (IKK) ,inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB ( IκB ) in peripheral blood leukcocytes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)was used to detect the binding activity of NFκB. Results The levels of fasting plasma insulin[62.2 ( 20.0-127. 0) pmol/L vs 19. 15 ( 14. 2-47. 8 ) pmol/L, P<0. 01], HOMA-IR[2. 32 ( 0. 76-5.49 ) vs 0.70(0.53-1.7),P<0.0l], HbA1 C[(5.42±0. 45 ) % vs ( 5.08 ±0. 38) %, P<0. 05], triglyceride[( 1.75 ±0. 68 vs 1.22 ±0. 58 )mmol/L, P<0. 05], plasma IL-6[3. 15 (0. 03-22. 2) pg/ml vs 1.26 (0. 74-6.06 ) pg/ml, P<0. 01], and IL-1 β[6. 53 ( 0. 84-36 ) pg/ml vs 3. 16( 1.48-8. 86 ) pg/ml, P<0. 01]in obesity group were significantly higher than those in control group. Compared with control group, the levels of IKKo, IKKβ expression and IκBα serine phosphorylation in obesity group were markedly increased, while the expression of IκBα was significantly reduced. Accompanied with the degradation of IκBα protein, the binding activity of NFκB in obesity group was significantly increased. Conclusions The plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly raised in obesity group. The activation of IKK-IκB-NFκB pathway is closely associated with the genesis and development of insulin resistance in obese subjects.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine on the expression of NMDA receptor-1(NRⅠ)in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and the possible mechanism of the neuroprotection.Methods Forty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-290g were randomly divided into 2 group(n=20 each):groupⅠketamine and groupⅡpentobarbital.The aminals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 60 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅠor pentobarbital 40 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅡ.Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent middle cerebral artery occludion(MCAO).The animals were killed at 24 h and 72 h of MCAO and their brains removed for determination of infarct size,the number of living neurons in the penumbra and the expression of NRⅠprotein(immuno- histochemistry).Results The infarct size was significantly smaller;the number of living neurons in penumbra significantly larger and NRⅠexpression significantly down-regulated in ketamine group than in pentobarbital group.Conclusion Ketamine can protect the brain against ischemia through downregulation of NMDA receptor-1.

Oxygen is a mandatory for all aerobic organisms. Oxygen-containing free radicals are produced when oxygen is not completely reduced to water in energy-producing oxidation reaction.The radicals may also transform into other reactive compounds through electron transfer and all the compounds with similar functions are referred as reactive oxygen species(ROS).Increased ROS is known to cause damage to proteins,DNA and lipids.Much evidence showed that changes in partial oxygen pressure,hormone,cytokine and chemical stimulation could increase ROS,and ROS,acting as signaling molecules,mediates cell functions.Hypoxia-inducing factor(HIF),a key transcriptional factor for most hypoxia-inducible genes,is a heterodimer consisting of 2 subunits.Recent study found that ROS plays an important role in HIF activity regulation under hypoxic and non-hypoxic conditions.This paper reviews the production of ROS and its role in the regulation of HIF activity.