Upper extremities of thirty-two dead adults, after perfusing the arteries with red latex respectively, were dissected, observed, and measured to increase the accuracy and safety of the puncture of the brachial artery or radial artery.The brachial arteries and veins, radial arteries and veins, nerves surrounding these vessels, and aponeurosis of musculi biceps brachii were thoroughly observed .The method of locating the arteries on the body surface and the direction of puncturing the arteries were established.Suitable punctured parts should be selected according to the different conditions of patients.

As the particular "post-1990's generation's" entry to college,the psychological adaptation of medical freshmen is drawing more and more attention from each corner of colleges and the general public.This paper analyzes current issues in the psychological adaptation of medical freshmen and comes up with corresponding countermeasures,so as to improve the psychological quality and adaptability for medical freshmen.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a critical disease which has a high mortality. In order to make the diagnosis and treatment much more promptly, rationally and effectively, this article briefly introduces some methods for assessment of the severity and risk of SAP by clinical manifestation, risk factors,scoring systems, radiology and laboratory examinations.

The immunohistochemical staining showed the connexin 43 (Cx43) was strongly expressed (average gray value, AGV=230±5), distributed at junction area and intercalated disks of cardiocytes in normal rats,and much less expressed (AGV 193±4) (P<0.01) and distribution-disorganized in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This may be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic myocardial lesions.

Objective:To investigate the current status of,analyze its influencing factors and explore educational countermeasures,thus to provide evidence for establishing prevention model of medical students' soft addiction in medical colleges.Method:Using the self-designed questionnaire,a questionnaire survey related tosoft addiction was conduct among 780 medical students.The results were analyzed statistically.Results:At present,the proportion of soft addiction in medical students is relatively large.These students will affect their study and work because of the addiction to certain behaviors and have a negative impact on personal growth and self-development.Conclusion:University should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of medical students' soft addiction behavior.It should change the social concept of medical students,enhance interpersonal ability;improve their self-cultivation,stimulate the self-education;focus on time management,improve efficiency,overcome procrastination.

Eating disorders is a weight and eating related syndrome with cognitive,emotional and behavioral barriers.Prevention of eating disorders is significant.There are three theoretical models on the prevention of eating disorders:non-specific vulnerability-stressor model,social cognitive model,and critical social perspectives model.It's necessary to combine these three models together for effective prevention.

Objective:In order to find a possible relationship between the polymorphism of HLA A,DRB1 allele and susceptibility to cirrhosis due to hepatitis B.Methods:HLA A,DRB1 allele polymorphism in 61 patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis B were analyzed by DNA chip,146 healthy subjects as control group were also tested.Results:The most frequent alleles were HLA A02,11,24 for HLA A locus and HLA DRB112,09,04 for HLA DRB1 locus in control group respectively,the significantly increased frequencies of HLA A02(43 4% vs 29 1%,OR:1 87,P=0 005,95% CI:1 21 2 89)与HLA DRB107(13 9% vs 5 1%,OR:3 00,P=0 002,95% CI:1 48 6 07)、HLA DRB108(16 4% vs 6 8%,OR:2 67,P=0 003,95% CI:1 40 5 08)、HLA DRB111(12 3% vs 5 8%,OR:2 27,P=0 025,95% CI:1 11 4 64) were found in cirrhosis patients due to hepatitis B compared to the control group,the homozygotes of HLA A02 showed a tendency to increase in cirrhosis patients,but failed to reach statistical significance.Conclusion:HLA A02 and HLA DRB107、08、11 may be susceptibility genes for cirrhosis due to hepatitis B. [

Objective To explore the psychological feelings of inpatients with AIDS, direct nurses to understand their psychological feelings in order to provide holistic nursing care. Methods Phenomenological method in qualitative research was adopted, 12 inpatients with AIDS were interviewed. Results The emo-tional feelings of inpatients with AIDS concerned mainly about: feeling shocked when they got to know they had affected with AIDS, wanting to commit suicide because of suffering, earnestly demanding for the com-panion of family members, the need for mental supports, planning to go on to work after feeling better be-cause of financial problems, worrying about children at home. Conclusions Nurses should estimate the changes in emotional reactions of inpatients with AIDS properly, understand their life conditions, and help them to promote their life quality by providing holistic nursing care.

Thyroid hormone levels were fourd to be changed significantly in 93 patients with heart failure. Their T3 and FT3 decreased, while rT3 increased. The severer heart failure, the more evident change in thyroid hormone. The results suggest that the change in thyroid hormones might be an index in reflecting the severity of heart failure.

Objective To evaluate the quality of life and care needs of hospitalized AIDS patients and analyze the relationship between them to provide basis for clinic nurses' helping patients to improve the quality of life. Methods We adopted the general information questionnaire, patient care needs assessment questionnaire, as well as the World Health Organization Quality of life Scale (WHOQOL)and used cluster sampling method to make face to face interviews with 36 hospitalized AIDS patients. Results The care needs of the 36 AIDS patients were at a high level,all areas of quality of life were lower than the norm. The quality of life of hospitalized AIDS patients was negatively correlated with the care needs. Conclusions Clinic nursing staffs should understand and assess the care needs of patients initiatively and take appropriate measures to improve quality of life of hospitalized AIDS patients.