OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of resin infiltration and fluoride solution on masking different demineralized white spot lesions by assessing color change.

METHODSArtificial white spot lesions were produced on 60 human molars. Each sample had at least two enamel surfaces opened (named A and B). The samples were randomly divided into groups 1, 2, and 3 according to their time of demineralization (24, 48, and 72 h). After demineralization, the A spot of each sample was treated by resin infiltration. The B spot was treated with 0.1% fluoride solution daily for 30 days. After the remineralization of the B spot, resin infiltration was used again on the B spot of each sample. Color assessment was performed by a spectrophotometer in five distinct stages: baseline, after the production of artificial caries, after resin infiltration of A spots, after 30 days of fluoride solution treatment of B spots, and after resin infiltration of remineralized B spots.

RESULTSBefore demineralization, the L* values of spots A and B in all groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05), whereas the L* values of spots A and B were significantly increased after demineralization. The L* values of A spots recovered significantly after treatment by resin infiltration (P<0.05), but only groups 1 and 2 reached the baseline. The L* values of B spots had no significant differences (P > 0.05) after fluoride treatment compared with that after demineralization. After resin infiltration on B spots, the L* values recovered but could not reach the baseline nor the level of A spots treated by resin infiltration only.

CONCLUSIONResin infiltration is a more effective treatment for masking white spot lesions than traditional fluoride treatment. The effect of masking white spot lesions has certain relationships with the degree of demineralization and activity of the lesion.

Objective: To study the relationship of the expressions of new apoptosis-related gene (PDCD)5 and p53 in oral normal mucosa, oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: The expressions of PDCD5 and p53 were observed separately in 17 samples of oral normal mucosa, 60 of oral leukoplakia, and 30 of oral squamous cell carcinoma by Immunohistochemical means. Results: PDCD5 positive rate in oral normal mucosa was 88.2%, in oral leukoplakia was 63.3%, and in oral squamous cell carcinoma was 30%. P53 positive rate in oral normal mucosa was 0, in oral leukoplakia was (31.7%), and in oral squamous cell carcinoma was 60%. There was a negative relationship between (PDCD5) SII and P53 SII in every lesion. Conclusion: It suggests that both PDCD5 and p53 could be used as molecular markers of carcinogenesis for oral epithelium.

Objective:To study the expression and significance of apoptosis-related gene tfar19 in normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:The expression of TFAR19 was observed in 17 cases of oral normal mucosa, 60 of oral leukoplakia and 30 of oral squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical stain.Results:①Positive expression of TFAR19 was observed in 88.2% of the cases of oral normal mucosa, 63.3% of oral leukoplakia, and 30% of oral squamous cell carcinoma. There was statistical difference between each two groups (P

BACKGROUND:In the treatment of early caries, fluoride can be used for remineralization of white spot lesions. Varnish XT (durable fluoride-releasing coating) and ICON penetration resins are two new materials. Varnish XT as a new type of resin reinforced glass ionomer can be selected as mineralized material. ICON penetration resin is a high-permeability resin with good liquidity that can infiltrate by capilary action into the pores created by enamel demineralization. Low-viscosity resin is used to replace the lost hard tissue due to demineralization and occupy the micropores, so as to fil the region of enamel demineralization and prevent further development of lesions. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of two minimaly invasive surgical treatment materials, Varnish XT and ICON penetrating resin, on the microhardness of enamel caries white spot. METHODS:Totaly 100 incisors of cows were selected, embedded with ethoxyline resin and polished. The lip side facing down served as the observation side. An area of at least 6 mm×10 mm on the enamel face was exposed, and there were five regions from incisal to dental cervix, A, B, C, D, E. After demineralization liquid for artificial caries, no treatment was adopted in region A, treatment with Varnish XT was for region B, treatment with ICON penetrating resin for region C, treatment with fluoride for region D, and region E was sealed with antacid nail. Surface micro-hardness was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After demineralization, surface micro-hardness of regions A, B, C, D decreases remarkably as compared with region E (P < 0.05). Surface micro-hardness of regions B, C, D was higher than that of region A, and ranged as folows: C > B and D for surface micro-hardness with statistical significance (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance of surface micro-hardness between regions B and D (P > 0.05). ICON resin infiltration, Varnish XT and fluoride have obvious improvement effects on surface micro-hardness, and ICON resin infiltration is superior to Varnish XT and fluoride.

Phthalate esters widely exist in the environment. It has been demonstrated that they are harmful to human bodies. Phthalate mono-esters are the first metabolite of phthalate esters. In general,biotransformation or metabolism of xenobiotics most frequently result in detoxification of the chemical and facilitates excretion from the body. However,this may not be the case for phthalates. In the present paper,metabolism of phthalate esters and the toxicity of the phthalate mono-esters were reviewed,not only the effect of their mutagenesis,teratogenesis and carcinogenesis,but also their toxicity on reproduction,development,hormones,nuclear receptor,inflammation and obesity were included.

Eleven-week-old SD rats were randomized into control and calorie restriction group. The pancreatic β cell function and oxidative stress indexes in the two groups were compared after 24-week intervention. The results showed that calorie restriction, which started from young age, improved the early insulin secretion after glucose loading and alleviated the oxidative stress in adult rats, which wag related to the reduction of body weight.

Objective To study expression enhancement and significance of Y14 and Upf1 in human breast cancer cell lines and tissue. Methods Immuocytochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscope(LSCM) were applied. Y14 and Upf1 were determined in human breast cancer cell lines(MCF-7,ZR-75-30,T47D,MDA-MB435s,MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231) and breast epithelial cell line ( HBL-100). Results (1) Y14 and Upf1 level of breast cancer cells are obviously higher than that in breast epithelial cell line (P < 0. 05 ). (2)Y14 and Upf1 level of MDA-MB-231 are obviously higher than that in MCF-7. (3)The expression enhancement of Y14 and Upf1 level are obviously higher in human breast cancer tissue. Conclusion The expression level of Y14 and Upf1 in breast cancer cells and tissue enhance obviously.

Objective To observe the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cholesterol gallstones formation in C57BL/6 mice with diet-induced cholesterol gallstone,and then explore the potential mechanism.Methods Fifty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 mice in each group),referring to control group,experimental group,experimental plus DHA group,experimental plus EPA group,as well as experimental plus DHA and EPA group.The mice in control group were fed with regular diet,and the rest of the mice with lithogenic diet (LD).Subsequent to feeding the mice with separate diets for two weeks,EPA and/or DHA (70 mg · kg-1 · d-1) were orally administered for eight weeks,while the LD feeding was continued during this period.After a total of 10 weeks,the mice were dissected to observe the gallstone formation.The levels of serum lipids,total cholesterol (TC) and phospholipids (PL) in bile,and TC in the liver were tested,and the protein expression of HMGCR,SRBI,ABCG5/ABCG8,CYP7A1 and ABCB11genes in the liver of mice was measured.Results Compared with the experimental group,the experimental plus EPA group had significantly lower TC in liver (0.033 ±0.008 mmolo/g) and bile (1.807 ±0.381 mmolo/L),and lower relative protein expression levels of HMGCR (0.545±0.098),ABCG5 (0.418±0.089) and ABCG8 (0.501 ±0.151)in liver (P＜ 0.05).The contents of TC in liver and bile,and the protein expression of HMGCR,ABCG5andABCG8 in liver were 0.048 ± 0.006 mmol/g and 2.662 ± 0.339 mmolo/L,and 1.011 ± 0.213,1.037 ± 0.276 and 1.266 ±0.312,respectively.No significant differences were observed between experimental plus DHA group and experimental group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions EPA could prevent the cholesterol gallstone formation in mice by decreasing the expression of HMGCR and ABCG5/8 genes in liver,therefore reducing cholesterol synthesis and blocking cholesterol transport from liver to bile as well as diminishing cholesterol content in the bile.However,the inhibition effect of DHA on cholesterol gallstone formation was not obvious.

Aim To investigate the modulation effects of NaHS on arterial vasodilatation functions of renal hy-pertensive rats .Methods Two-kidney , one-c lip ( 2K1C ) renovascular hypertension was induced .Rats were randomly divided into four group:sham group , two-kidney one-clip model ( 2K1C ) group, 2KIC +NaSH( H2 S donor ) group, PPG group.The systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) was measured before the opera-tion and each week after the operation .The carotid ar-tery was collected for morphometric parameters ( outer radius, wall thickness, the radio of wall thickness to outer radius) and the tension of the carotid artery was observed with the isolated artery ring technique .Immu-nohistochemistry was used to determine the protein ex-pression of eNOS , ET-1 protein in carotid artery .Re-sults The blood pressure of 2K1C group and PPG group was higher than that of sham group ( P<0.05) . Compared with 2K1C group,the blood pressure and the rat arteria carotis communis of the radio of wall thick-ness to outer radius of 2K1C+NaHS group decreased significantly , while the relaxation of carotid artery to ACh in NaHS group increased .According to the immu-nohistochemistry results , eNOS expression was upregu-lated while ET-1 was downregulated in 2K1C +NaHS group as compared with 2K1C group.Conclusions Chronical administration of NaHS can decrease blood pressure in renovasocular hypertensive rats .The anti-hypertensive effect of H 2 S maybe associated with im-provement of the arterial functions .

Objective To investigate the pathological change in Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts treated with high intensity focus ultrasound (HIFU). Methods Thirty cysts with thinner wall and proper elasticity, taken from livers of infected sheep, were randomly divided into three groups. By cyclical multilayer radiation around the cyst wall,two experiment groups were treated with HIFU under 150 W and 250 W sound power respectively. The control group was treated by ordinary ultrasound for 2 min. Results The inner cyst wall of hydatid treated with HIFU became curved,thicker, stiffer, white and less transparent. The germinal layer was detached mostly from the laminated layers of hydatid in the experiment groups. Images from the transmission electron microscopy showed that in the experiment groups fabric texture of hydatid changed significantly and germinal cells were broken. Conclusion HIFU in a model of cyclical multilayer radiation causes pathological damage of the E. granulosus hydatid.