Bycomparingthe clinical internship ofFrench students in the Alsace Cancer Center of France(Centre Paul Strauss)with Chinese medical students,we found the differences and got some valuable implications.

Objective To identify genes associated with prognosis or differentiated type in gastric cancer from fre quently mutated genes or highly-expressed genes,using large-scale genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas.Methods The somatic mutation data,RNAseqV2 data and clinical information were downloaded from the TCGA website.The frequency of deleterious somatic mutations for each gene was counted to select the frequently mutated genes.DESeq2 was used to analyze the gene expression data.Then survival analysis was performed on genes highlyexpressed in the tumor tissue.Kaplan-Meier curves were generated by R-survival package,and significance was evaluated by log-rank test.Results The frequency for pathogenic mutations in PIK3CA and APC was significantly discordant between different grades of gastric cancer.2 040 genes were up-regulated in tumor tissue,while 2 357 genes were down-regulated.Among the up-regulated genes,7 genes were associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer and one was associated with better prognosis.Conclusions Genes associated with differentiation types or prognosis in gastric cancer are identified.The result may clue us future research on potential prognostic markers in clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of transarterial infusion ( TAI) chemotherapy on estrogen receptor ( ER) and progesterone receptors ( PR) expression in breast carcinoma tissue. Methods Samples of 81 patients with breast carcinoma were selected in this study. ER and PR mRNAs levels in the samples were determined by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was employed to measure ER and PR expressions in different samples before and after TAI chemotherapy. Western blotting was used to assay ER and PR proteins level in the samples before and after the chemotherapy. Results RT-PCR results indicated that ER mRNA level was increased in 43 cases ( 53. 1% ) and PR level in 33 cases ( 40. 7% ) . Meanwhile,both ER and PR mRNAs levels were increased in 25 cases ( 30. 9% ) . Immunohistochemistry results showed that ER level was up-regulated in 35cases ( 43. 2% ) ,and PR level in 21 cases ( 26. 0% ) . Both ER level and PR level were up-regulated in 16 out of 81 cases( 19. 8% ) . Western blotting also suggested that the both proteins levels of ER and PR were up-regulated in some patients after the chemotherapy. Conclusion Transarterial infusion neoadjuvant chemotherapy affects the mRNA and protein level of the hormone receptors,which facilitates the subsequent killing effect of chemotherapy on tumor cells. ER and PR expressions should be determined after the transarterial infusion chemotherapy,which might provide a guide for the subsequent treatment and prognosis.

[Objective] To explore the treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke.[Methods]To use the Acupucture and Moxibustion method to treat the 35 patients who met the inclusion criteria,compared before and after treatment of urinary incontinence in patients with the degree of improvement.[Results] After two courses of treatment,the total effective rate 94.286%.[Conclusion]Acupuncture and Moxibustion treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke have a positive effect,and this method is simple and few side effects.

Objective To assess clinic value of esophageal stent placement in the benign and malignant esophageal strictures,and the influence of stents selection on curative effect. Method 36 cases of esophageal strictures, 5 cases of benign strictures,31cases of malignant strictures,including 4 cases with esophagotracheal fistula and 3 cases with esophagomediastrinal fistula. 26 domestic Nickel-Titanium alloy memorial netlike stents and 14 membrane-covered stents were used for the treatment. All patients were treated by placing esophageal stent perorally under fluoroscopic guidance. Results 40 stents were planced successfully in 36 cases, only one case showed membrane covered stent migrating. Symptoms of dysphagia were considerably relieved after stent insertion. The total effective rate was 97.2%. Conclusion The esophageal stent is an effective and safe treatment for benign and malignant esophageal stenosis: The nutritive condition and the quality of life of patients are improved, which is favourable for tumor further treatment. Appropriate stent selection can keep esophageal patent rate and decrease sliding rate.

Objective To observe the clinical value and the effect of interventional treatment on obstructive jaundice. Methods 24 patients with obstructive jaundice, including 21 cases of malignant biliary obstruction and 3 cases of chololithiasis post operative biliary stricture of bile duct, were treated after percutaneous transhepatic biliary moulding, 6 cases with percutaneous transhepatic cholangic drainage(PTCD), 18 cases with insertion of biliary stents, 13 net-type stents and 5 Z-type stents were used, according to the patient's state and financial condition. Results The total technical success rate was 100%. After 7～15 days of interventional treatment, the total serum bilirubin level declined from (454 93?64 52)?mol/L to (66 94?8 45)?mol/L, transaminase declined from (265 67?30 09)u/L to (56 21?8 73)u/L. There was very significantly difference (P

Objective To study MRI characteristics of viral encephalitis and the possibility of differentiating diagnosis with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM).Methods MRI findings in 56 patients with viral encephalitis and 50 patients with ADEM were analysed and emphasized on MR findings of viral encephalitis.Results The abnormal signal lesions were found in 56 patients with viral encephalitis,including multiple or single,symmetrical or asymmetrical large patch shape lesions,the lesions located mainly in cortices,subcortical and basal ganglia and thalami.The lesions appeared as long T_1 and long T_2 on MRI.Enhanced MRI was performed in 27 cases,and demonstrated abnormal enhancement in 17 cases,including large patch or gyrus shape enhancement in 10 cases.Multiple and asymmetrical spot-patch white matter lesions were revealed in the frontal lobe,parietal lobe,occipital lobe,temporal lobe,and periventricular areas with ADEM.The lesions were long T_1 and long T_2 on MRI.Enhanced MRI was performed in 20 cases,and demonstrated abnormal enhancement in 15 cases,peripheral ring-type or patch shape enhancement was observed in all cases.Conclusion MRI is one of the important methods in diagnosis of viral encephalitis,it can provide evidences for early diagnosis and differentiation in the certain degree.

Phthalate esters have been used as the plasticizers for about 80 years. As a kind of environmental hormone and universal pollutants, they are found widely in air dust, industrial waste water, river, soil and solid waste, moreover, they have been detected in food, drinking water and body fluid. In this paper, the new progresses of the effects of phthalate esters on the rodents and human, including reproductive toxicity and liver toxicity, were summarized and the short-term, quick and accumulative actions of phthalates mono-esters, metabolite of phthalate esters, on the rodents and human body were also reviewed.

Phthalate esters are commonly used as plasticizers in many products.They have become widely spread in the environment.Several animal studies have showed that phthalate esters possess endocrine disrupting effects.Phthalate esters have been found in body fluid such as urine,blood and semen.As the base of internal exposure assessment,metabolism of phthalate esters was reviewed in the paper.The main metabolism pathways for phthalate esters and their metabolites in urine were summarized and the levels of metabolites of phthalate esters in different people were compared.

Phthalate esters widely exist in the environment. It has been demonstrated that they are harmful to human bodies. Phthalate mono-esters are the first metabolite of phthalate esters. In general,biotransformation or metabolism of xenobiotics most frequently result in detoxification of the chemical and facilitates excretion from the body. However,this may not be the case for phthalates. In the present paper,metabolism of phthalate esters and the toxicity of the phthalate mono-esters were reviewed,not only the effect of their mutagenesis,teratogenesis and carcinogenesis,but also their toxicity on reproduction,development,hormones,nuclear receptor,inflammation and obesity were included.