Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), as a member of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), is ex-pressed on the membrane of activated T cells , B cells and macrophages.Combining with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-1 will inhibit the proliferation of T cells and further involve in T cell receptor signaling negative feedback regulation .As the signifi-cant relationship between PD-1 /PD-L1 expression and prognosis in tumor cells , monocytes and T cells of ovarian cancer patients , this review focuses on the biological significance , influencing factors , advances of related drugs and clinical application of PD-1 /PD-L1 in ovarian cancer .

Objective To detect expression of epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ (EGFRvⅢ) in human suprarenal epithelioma to explore its relation with the genesis and development of suprarenal epithelioma.Methods Immunohistochemistry and pathologic image analysis were used to semiquantitatively detect the expression of EGFRvⅢ protein in eighty human suprarenal epithelioma tissues and twenty-four normal renal tissues.Results Positive expression rate of EGFRvⅢ was 46% in human suprarenal epithelioma tissues and 8% in normal renal tissues.Their average gray scale values were 148.49?13.05 and 155.65?14.86,respectively,which showed a significant difference (t=2.13,P=0.04).There was no obvious difference between males and females (149.01?13.70 and 147.40?11.76,t=0.54,P=0.59).No significant association was observed between EGFRvⅢ expression and age (r=0.01,P=0.92).Conclusion Many human suprarenal epithelioma tissues express EGFRvⅢ.EGFRvⅢ may play certain role in the genesis and development of human suprarenal epithelioma.

Objective To discuss the MRI features of pyometra and its correlation with pathologic.Methods MRI and DWI data of 12 cases pyometra proved by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively, and a comparision with pathologic findings was made.Mean ADC values were calculated.Results According to the homogeneity of MRI signal: Uniform signal type in 2 cases,T1WI showed slightly low signal,T2WI showed slightly high signal,DWI showed high signal,and the distribution of pus compositions is relatively uniform;Signal mixed type in 5 cases, T2 showed at the bottom of the pus or peripheral mixed slightly short signal, DWI showed mixed high signal, there was some sediment in the bottom of the pus;5 cases of liquid layer type, the upper displayed signal of water,and the lower signal was lower than the upper signal on T2WI, of which 3 cases showed uniform signal of the lower, DWI showed a uniform high signal, the distribution of pus compositions is uniform, the other 2 cases showed mixed signal of the lower, which was pyometra with bleeding,DWI showed high signal and low signal mixed together.The average ADC value of the 12 patients were 0.532×10-3 mm2/s.12 cases of uterine volume were increased, including 10 cases of uterine wall thinning, the other 2 cases with inflammatory invasion, the uterine wall thickening.8 cases with cervical cancer.5 cases with pelvic effusion.Conclusion MRI findings of pyometra are characteristic, its MRI manifestations and pathological components are highly correlated,and the ADC value is of great value in the diagnosis of pyometra.

Objective To construct an Apoptin prokaryotic vector,aiming to produce antigenic fusion protein Apoptin. Methods The Apoptin gene was amplified from the template of plasmid pSSCHG/NT4-Apoptin-HA2-TAT by PCR.The Apoptin was sub-cloned into the multiple clone sites of plasmid pET-28a(+) to get the prokaryotic vector of pET-28a(+)-Apoptin,which was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3).Expression of E.coli BL21(DE3) was induced by IPTG.The specific protein expression was detected by SDS-PAGE. Results The fusion protein was expressed with high efficiency in E.coli BL21(DE3) transformed by pET-28a(+)-Apoptin after induction with IPTG.The specific fusion protein had an apparent related molecular weight of about 17 000 ku as indicated by SDA-PAGE analysis. Conclusion The Apoptin prokaryotic expression vector with pET-28a(+)-Apoptin can effectively express Apoptin fusion protein,laying a foundation for further study of Apoptin and preparation of antibodies against Apoptin.

Purpose To compare the relationship between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of PET/CT imaging and tumor markers in lung cancer, and to provide evidence for the comprehensive assessment of non small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods The results of PET/CT imaging, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin-19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) and neuronspecific enolase (NSE) of 179 patients with non small cell lung cancer were analyzed, subjects were then divided into different groups according to their clinical features and pathological types, the differences of SUVmax and tumor markers'' level were compared between different groups, and their correlations with tumor histological type, differentiation and the clinical stages were also analyzed.Results SUVmax of the tumor was related with lesion size,≥3 cm tumors'' SUVmax were significantly higher than that of <3 cm tumors (P<0.01), SUVmax and serum NSE level were related with tumor differentiation, and these in low differentiation group were higher than those in high and medium differentiation group (P<0.05,P<0.01). In addition, SUVmax, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE had no correlation with gender, age, pathological type and clinical stage (P>0.05).Conclusion SUVmax and NSE have a certain relationship with tumor differentiation in non small cell lung cancer patients, thus can be used as a reference index for prognosis of indirect prediction of lung cancer.

Objective To establish animal model of arterial vulnerable plaques for molecular imaging study.Methods Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into high lipid diet+balloon-injury group (A),high lipid diet group (B)and regular diet group (C).Ultrasound (US)and magnetic resonance (MR)imaging were used to dynamically observe the formation of plaque in abdominal aorta. Results were compared with blood lipid level and pathological indicators.Results At 4 weeks,several plaques could be seen in group A.The plaque number increased rapidly and reached to 22 at 12 weeks,which was in parallel with the change of blood lipid. Only a few plaques were observed in group B,while no vulnerable plaque was revealed in group C.All the plaques were judged to be soft plaques on US and MR images,which was consistent with the macrophages gathering and smooth muscle cell proliferating in plaques.Conclusion High lipid diet+balloon-injury is an ideal method to build animal model for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque.

Objective To observe effects of Kangshuai Yizhi Capsule on ATP in brain tissue and IL-6, TNF-α in serum of aging model rats, and explore the protective effects of the capsule on brain tissue.Methods Totally 72 rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. The subacutely aging model rats were made by injectingD-gal, then aging rats were numbered and grouped by random number table into the model group, Kangshuai Yizhi high-dose group, Kangshuai Yizhi Capsule low-dose group and Naofukang group. All dose groups were received gavage by giving corresponding doses, while normal group and model group were given the same amount of saline everyday. After treated for 60 days, the activity of Na+-K+-ATP and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP in brain tissue, and IL-6, TNF-α in serum were detected.Results Compared with normal group, Na+-K+-ATP and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP were less active (P<0.05), but levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in model group were significantly higher, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with model group, after treated with Kangshuai Yizhi Capsule, Na+-K+-ATP and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP were more active, and IL-6 and TNF-α levels were down-regulated significantly in dose groups, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Meanwhile, Kangshuai Yizhi Capsule high-dose group showed the most obvious effect among dose groups.ConclusionKangshuai Yizhi Capsule has effects of enhancing activity of ATP in brain tissue and reducing level of proinflammatory factors.

Background and purpose: It has been reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ (EGFRv Ⅲ) play important roles in the progression of various cancers. This research was to detect the expression and relation of EGFR and epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ (EGFRv Ⅲ) to human esophageal carcinoma. Methods: In 66 human esophageal carcinoma tissues, the expression of EGFR and EGFRv Ⅲ were detected by imrnunohistochemistry and western-blot. The expression of EGFR and EGFRv Ⅲ along with the patients' clinicopathologic factors was retrospectively analyzed. Correlation analysis between EGFRv Ⅲ and EGFR was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The average gray scale values of EGFR in esophageal carcinoma and normal tissues by immunohistochemistry were 25.4±3.2 and 5.0±3.5, which showed a significant difference (t=5.574, P=0.000). And the average gray scale values of EGFRv Ⅲ in esophageal carcinoma and normal tissues were 22.5±4.2 and 5.5±3.0, which also showed a significant difference (t=6.701,P=0.000). The average gray scale values of EGFR in esophageal carcinoma and normal tissues respectively by western-blot were 1.37±0.41 and 0.21±0.09, which showed a significant difference (t=10.704, P=0.000) And the average gray scale values of EGFRv Ⅲ respectively were 0.828±0.15 and 0.083±0.049, which had a significant difference (t=9.362, P=0.000). Significant differences were observed in TNM-stage, lymphatic metastasis and tumor classification in both the expression of EGFR (P<0.05) and EGFRv Ⅲ (P<0.05), and but there were no obvious differences in gender, age, minor size, growth pattern in both the expression of EGFR (P<0.05) and EGFRvⅢ (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was strong association of the expression between EGFR and EGFRv Ⅲ both detected by immunohistochemistry (r=0.701,P<0.0001) and western-blot respectively(r=0.556, P=0.031). Conclusion: Our data suggests that EGFRvⅢ is over-expressed in human esophageal carcinoma. Combination of EGFR and EGFRvⅢ could be useful markers for tumorgenesis and differentiation of human esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To explore the effects of Kangshuaiyizhi capsule on ChAT/AchE and NE, DA and 5-HT levels in the brain tissue of aging model rats, and explore its effect of protecting cerebral function. Methods Totally 72 rats were randomly divided into normal group and model group. The subacutely aging model rats were made by injecting D-gal (0.125 g/kg) into abdominal cavity continually, then aging rats were divided by random number table into model group, Naofukang group and Kangshuaiyizhi high-, low-dose group. After intervented with correspongding drugs for 60 days, activity of ChAT and AchE, cerebral cortex NE, DA, and 5-HT levels were detected. Results Activity of AchE was much higher (P<0.05), but level of ChAT, NE, DA and 5-HT in model group were significantly downregulated compared with normal group (P<0.05). After treated with Kangshuaiyizhi capsule, activity of AchE was downregulated, ChAT, NE, DA and 5-HT levels were significantly upregulated (P <0.01, P <0.05). Conclusion Kangshuaiyizhi capsule can regulate cholinergic and monoamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain tissue of aging model rats, and play a very important role in protecting cerebral function.

Objective To evaluate the use of corrected standard uptake value(SUV)in patient with peripheral solitary pulmonary lesion and the relationship between corrected SUV and the lesion's size.Methods This retrospective study included 69 patients with peripheral solitary pulmonary lesions seen on PET and CT scans whose diagnoses were confirmed by pathology.Each lesion’s FDG uptake was quantified by using two methods:the SUV and the corrected SUV.The lesion’s size was recorded on CT.Results The diagnostic accuracy was 88.7% and 98.5% for PET/CT and combining corrected SUV with CT respectively.There was a positive correlation between SUV,corrected SUV and the size of lesions(r 1 =0.536,P <0.001;r 2 =0.637,P <0.001).Conclusion Measur-ing corrected SUV appears to improve the accuracy of FDG PET/CT for characterization of peripheral solitary pulmonary lesions . The volume of lesion may potentially affect the value of SUV.