Objective:To localize the gene of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa(ADRP) in a family. Methods: A large ADRP family was studied and 3 5 ml of venous blood from some family members was collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from the blood. Then two point linkage analysis between the known markers and the disease locus was performed. Results: Linkage analysis showed the maximum LOD score reached 2.732852 at marker D3S1292 (at recombination fraction ?=0.1). Conclusion: The gene responsible for ADRP is located in 3q21 eara.

Objective To study the differences between the animal model of pulmonary injury/ fibrosis induced by using paraquat and that induced by using bleomycin in mice in order to establish an ideal mouse pulmonary fibrosis model.Methods Thirty healthy and 8 ～ 10 weeks old male C57BL/6J (C57) mice were randomly (random number) divided into paraquat group (n =10),bleomycin group (n =10),and control group (n =10).Paraquat ( 10 mg/kg) was given to mice intraperitoneally once every three days for 5 times in paraquat group.Bleomycin was injected into trachea of mice in a dose of 3 mg /kg in bleomycin group.The mice were sacrificed 7 days,14 days and 21 days after administration of drug.The general physical condition,body weight and pulmonary pathological changes were observed.Data were analyzed with SPSS13.0 statistical package.The comparison was made between two groups with mann -whitney U- test.Results Both agents could induce pulmonary injury and fibrosis.After comparison of survival rate,body weight,pulmonary histopathological change and rate of successful modelling,the repeated low - dose of paraquat injected intraperitoneally was proved to be a method of more simple and effective with high success rate of modeling in comparison with the conventional technique of intratracheal injection of bleomycin.Conclusions By the comparison between two methods of establishing pulmonary injury and fibrosis models in mice,the method of repeated low - dose intraperitoneal injection of paraquat is superior over the bleomycin - induced method in respect of higher rate of successful modelling.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of combination of low-dose HBIg and Nucleoside analogues on recurrence of hepatitis B after liver transplantation. Methods Retrospectively analyzed HBV status and recurrence in patients accepting Nucleoside analogues plus low-dose HBIg as prophylaxis treatment after liver transplantation for HBV-related end-stage liver disease from December 1998 to Octomber 2009 in our center. Results In all the 1506 patients whose survival time >30 d after liver transplantation, 37 patients showed HBV recurrence, the HBV cumulative-recurrence rate of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6y was 1.3%,2. 4%,2. 7%,2. 9%,3. 7% and 4.6% respectively. The time of recurrence varied from 0. 3 to 66. 6 months (median 12. 8 months) after transplantation. Virus mutation could be tested in 9 cases of the 37 recurrence patients, including 4 YMDD cases, 2 YMDD + YIDD cases, 1 YMDD+YVDD cases, 1 YVDD case,and 1 YIDD case. Conclusions Liver transplantation is the principal therapeutic method for the patient with end-stage liver diseases related to HBV, with the effectively prophylaxis treatment to aim directly at HBV recurrence. If the patients who got HBV recurrence received targeted treatments, the situation can be controlled satisfactorily.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction(HVOO) after pediatric liver transplantation.MethodsFrom Jan.2000 to Dec.2009,48 children received liver transplantation in the Department of Liver Transplantation,First Central Hospital,Tianjin.There were 3 patients who developed HVOO (2 received liver transplantation in our center,while the third from another centre).The HVOO was diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS),computed tomography (CT),and angiography of inferior vena cava (IVC).The patients received balloon dilation and/or stent placement and followed-up with regular monitoring.ResultsIn our center,the incidence rate of HVOO was 4.17％ (2/48).The time of onset was 2 months to 1 year postoperatively.The pressure gradient between the hepatic vein and the right atrium was from 6 to 30mmHg.After treatment,the venous pressure gradient decreased from 4 to 10mmHg.Resolution of clinical symptoms was achieved in these patients.HVOO relapsed in two patients who received balloon angioplasty only.The clinical symptoms were relieved after repeated balloon dilation in one and stent placement in the other.There were no further complications after these procedures.All patients were alive at a follow-up from 2 months to 9 years.ConclusionThe incidence of HVOO after pediatric liver transplantation was not high,but HVOO led to serious consequences.Balloon dilation and/or stent implantation were safe and efficacious treatments for HVOO after pediatric liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate the safety of donors and recipients in living donor liver transplantation (adults to infants). Methods From September 2006 to November 2009, 8 living donor liver transplantations were performed, and all of the recipients were diagnosed as having congenital biliary atresia. Triphasic liver computed tomography was used to display the shape of the liver and calculate total liver and liver lobes volumes in donors. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was used to examine the conditions of the bile tract. Suitable liver lobe was resected depending on the condition of recipients' abdomen. After the operation, all of the recipients received treatments including anti-rejection, anti-infection, etc. All the donors received liver protection and antisecretory treatments. The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative states of donors and recipients were analyzed. Results All of the operations were performed successfully. For the grafts, 6 left lateral lobes, 1 hepatic S3 and 1 reduced-size hepatic S3 were obtained. The weight of lobe grafts was 148-302 g (235. 9 ± 53. 6 g). The ratio of graft weight to recipient weight ranged from 2. 11% to 3. 36 % (2. 65 % ± 0. 48 %). During a follow-up period of 3-40 months (median 18 months), there was no donor mortality, but 2 (25%) donors experienced complications. One (12. 5 %) of the 8 recipients died, and the remaining developed 13 cases/times of complications.Conclusion Accurate assessment of recipients and donors preoperatively, suitable resection of the grafts and precise operation intraoperatively, and careful treatment postoperatively can ensure safety of the recipients and donors to the maximum extent.

Objective To explore the protective effects of cannabinoid analogues WIN55212-2 on paraquat poisoned mice. Methods Totally 35 healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly(random number) divided into four groups: PQ group (paraquat poisoned, n=10), WIN 1 mg group (PQ+WIN55212-21 mg n=10), WIN 2 mg group (PQ+WIN55212-22 mg, n=10), control group (n=5).The PQ poisoned animal models were established in the PQ group, WIN 1 mg group and WIN 2 mg group by intraperitoneally injection of paraquat with a concentration of 20 mg/kg. Intraperitoneal injection of WIN55212-2 (containing Tween 80 cosolvent) at the concentration of 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg was performed 1 h before PQ exposure in the two interfered groups. Equivalent volume of saline was given to the control group. WIN55212-2 was injected twice a week from the second week. In the acute phase (14 d), 5 mice were randomly sacrificed in the PQ group, WIN 1 mg group and WIN 2 mg group, and 3 mice were sacrificed in the control group to obtain blood sample, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue. All the remaining mice were executed on day 28, and the tissue samples were collected as mentioned above. HE staining and Masson staining were performed to observe the changes of lung tissues after PQ poisoning. Changes of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β in plasma and BALF were measured by ELISA. Results In the acute phase, the pathological sections of lung tissues in the PQ group, WIN 1 mg group and WIN 2 mg group showed diffuse inflammation, which was improved after the intervention of WIN5522-2, especially in the WIN 1 mg group. IL-6 levels of BALF in the PQ group, WIN 1 mg group, WIN 2 mg group and the control group were (1024.77±124.74)U/L, (620.48±99.76)U/L, (823.29±157.88) U/L, and (180.42±20.22)U/L, respectively. IL-6 levels in the WIN 1 mg group and the WIN 2 mg group were statistically lower than those in the PQ group (P=0.021, P=0.016). However, no difference was found between the two intervention groups(P=0.114). The similar condition was also found in TNF-α in BALF and plasma. In the chronic phase, mice in the PQ group, WIN 1 mg group and WIN 2 mg group showed fibrosis in tissue by HE and Masson staining, and the inflammatory condition was improved after the intervention of WIN5522-2, which was more obvious in the WIN 1 mg group. In BALF, TNF-α level was (321.64±50.54)U/L, (260.23±48.19)U/L, (278.89±29.40)U/L, (89.76 ± 10.87)U/L in the PQ group, WIN 1 mg group, WIN 2 mg group and the control group. Differences were found between the WIN 1 mg group and the control group and the WIN 2 mg group. Similar differences were also observed in plasma TNF-α, but not in TGF-β. Conclusions A small dose of WIN55212-2 can improve the general condition of PQ poisoning mice, and reduce the inflammatory and fibrosis-related cytokines levels in PQ poisoning mice.

Pain caused by surgery is an important clinical issue that seriously affects postoperative rehabilitation and health-related quality of life. Failure to effectively manage postoperative pain not only leads to a decrease in patient quality of life, increases medical expenses, but also has a negative impact on patient recovery. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to address the challenges of acute postoperative pain management, find effective management strategies, and improve the quality of pain management. This article summarizes the current status of acute postoperative pain management in recent years, including the mechanism of pain occurrence, pain assessment methods, drug and non drug management strategies, and predictive factors for chronic postoperative pain. It also looks forward to future research directions and application prospects.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of levosimendan on acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats.Methods:Twenty-five healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group ( n=5), levosimendan group ( n=10) and experimental group ( n=10). A cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation model was established using smothering method in the experimental group and levosimendan group. The levosimendan group was treated with levosimandan during and after resuscitation, while the experimental group was given equivalent volume of saline solution during and after resuscitation, and the control group was only given equivalent volume of saline without performance of CPR. The rats in the three groups were sacrificed at 6 h after resuscitation. The serum and kidney tissue samples were collected. Serum biochemical indicators [serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (Bun), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were measured. HE staining and Paller score were used to identify the degree of kidney damage. Apoptosis was estimated by TUNEL staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK). One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of normally distributed measurement data between groups. Comparisons between groups were performed using the least significant difference t-test. Results:Scr (85.02±1.31) μmol/L, Bun (7.36±0.13) mmol/L, Paller score (7.3±0.2), IL-1β (302.20±17.35) pg/mL, IL-6 (564.60±23.24) pg/mL and TNF-α (1346±83.73) pg/mL in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group [(15.94±0.96) μmol/L, (2.95±0.18) mmol/L, (0.7±0.2), (7.27±0.44) pg/mL, (51.30±2.87) pg/mL, and (10.39±0.52) pg/mL] (all P<0.01). Compared with the experimental group, Scr (63.88±2.01) μmol/L, Bun (5.45±0.47) mmol/L, paller score (4.8±0.2), IL-1β (78.61±3.66) pg/mL, IL-6 (297.90±13.64) pg/mL and TNF-α (276.2±20.18) pg/mL were significantly decreased in the levosimendan group (all P<0.01). TUNEL staining showed that levosimendan could improve the apoptosis of renal cells ( P<0.01). The expression of p-ERK protein in the levosimendan group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Lovosimendan could attenuate acute kidney injury following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation via suppression apoptosis. The mechanism of levosimendan protective effect might be associated with activation of ERK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the dose calculation accuracy of two algorithms in Monaco TPS for self-made phantoms with different cavity thickness, and analyze the influence of phantoms with different cavity thickness on dose verification of upper esophageal cancer. Methods The phantoms with different cavity thickness were placed on the simulated CT positioning machine to scan and acquire images. In Monaco TPS, the irradiation fields with energy of 6 MV, 100 MU and different square field sizes were added to the acquired images. The dose of the cavity of the ionization chamber was calculated by two algorithms, and measured on the accelerator by dosimeter under the same conditions. At the same time, 20 patients with upper esophageal cancer who received dynamic intensity modulation in fixed field were randomly selected and included in the study, and two algorithms were used for dose verification on phantoms with different cavity thickness. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results The maximum deviations between the calculated values and the measured values were 0.66% and −1.8%, in the calculation of phantoms with different cavity thickness by algorithms of Monte Carlo and Pencil Beam. In Monte Carlo algorithm, the result of RD pair t test is P > 0.05. Paired t test of AD (0 mm, 10 mm), (5 mm, 10 mm) and (10 mm, 20 mm) groups showed no significant difference (P < 0.05). The maximum deviation was 1.1%, and the rest groups were not statisticely significant (P > 0.05); In Pencil Beam algorithm the t test results of RD (0 mm, 20 mm) and (5 mm, 20 mm) pairs were (P < 0.05), the maximum deviation was 0.58%, and the rest groups were (P > 0.05). In AD group, (P < 0.05), the maximum deviation was 2.78%; The paired t test between the two algorithms was (P < 0.05), and the maximum deviations in RD and AD groups were 2.49% and 4.14%, respectively. Conclusion Monte Carlo algorithm has accurate calculation and high gamma pass rate of dose verification, and there is no clinical difference in gamma pass rate of dose verification among phantoms with different cavity thickness, pencil Beam algorithm is not recommended in cavity phantom calculation.

Lemierre syndrome is a rare, potentially fatal condition characterized by internal jugular vein thrombosis following an acute oropharyngeal infection, often accompanied with cervical necrotizing fasciitis. This paper reviews 5 cases of Lemierre syndrome with cervical necrotizing fasciitis, extensive cervical drainage and sufficient antibiotics is crucial treatment for Lemierre syndrome, anticoagulation combined with antibiotics is safe and effective for propagation or nonresolution of the thrombus.