Objective To investigate the effects of nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB)/p65 signaling transduction on the apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis-related genes Bax in nude mouse lung tumour cell xenografts. Methods The nude mice Lewis lung carcinoma cell xenograft model was established,and then the mice were intraperitoneally injected with NF-κB/p65 small interfering RNA(siRNA). The apoptosis of xenografted tumor cells in nude mice was detected by TUNEL assay. Expressions of Bax mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results The result of TUNEL assay demonstrated that p65 siRNA evidently evoked cell apoptosis. Compared to the PBS treatment group or the normal control mice,both mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax in tumor xenografts were significantly up-regulated. There were significant differences among three groups(P<0.05). Conclusion NF-κB/p65 subunit may play an essential role in cell apoptosis of Lewis lung tumor.

Objective To compare the efficacy of the therapeutic alliance of radiotherapy and Semustine (CCNU)chemotherapy with radiotherapy alone after partial resection of high-grade sliomas.Methods Forty-nine cases with partial resection of brain gliomas were randomly divided into two groups.In the control group(sole radiotherapy n=19),patients were only treated with local radiotherapy,with the dose of 40Gy/20f/4W,and then added the amount to 61～64Gy/27～28f/5～6W with low fractionation radiotherapy.In the observation group(therapeutic alliance n=23),patients underwent the above mentioned radiotherapy plus six Courses of adjuvant CCNU chemotherapy.Meanwhile,enhanced GD-MRI was performed to evaluate the changes of glioma volume,the nerve function status was evaluated with Karnofsky scale,and record the survival time.Results Twenty-four weeks after radiotherapy,improvements in glioma size and nerve function status of the observation group were superior than that in the control group(all P＜0.05),meanwhile,the long-term survival rate of observation group war also significantly better than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Radiotherapy combined with CCNU could increase the glioma remission rate after partial resection,improve the life quality of patients.and extend their survival time.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of silymarin on type 2 diabetic nephropathy in rats. Methods:Totally 60 male al-bino Wistar rats at the age of 8 weeks were involved in the study, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was induced in 45 over-night-fasted rats by intramuscular injection of streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Among the 45 rats, three ones failed to make the model, and forty-two rats with diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into diabetes control group (DC group), diabetes treated by low dosage silymarin group ( DT-L group) and diabetes treated by high dosage silymarin group ( DT-H group) with 14 cases in each. The dosage of silymarin in DT-L group and DT-H group was 60 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 and 120mg·kg-1 ·d-1 , respectively, and the treatment course was 60 days. The other 15 rats were divided into the normal control group ( NC group) with equal volume buffer solution. The glycosylated hemoglobin, urine volume, serum creatine, serum uric acid, and urine albumin levels were analyzed by the semi-automat-ic biochemial analyzer. Results:At the end of the study, the DC group had significantly higher levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, urine volume, serum uric acid and urine albumin than the NC group (P<0. 05), while the two silymarin-treated groups showed significantly lower levels of the indices than the DC group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:The results show that silymarin has pro-tective effect on kidneys of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which lay foundation for the future clinical application.

To study the chemical constituents of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., chromatographic methods such as D101 macroporous resin, silica gel column chromatographic technology, Sephadex LH-20, octadecylsilyl (ODS) column chromatographic technique and preparative HPLC were used and nine compounds were isolated from a 95% (v/v) ethanol extract of the plant. By using spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC, these compounds were identified as 5-ethoxymethyl-1-carboxyl propyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (1), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (2), chrysoeriol (3), 4'-hydroxyscutellarin (4), vanillic acid (5), alpha-spinasterol (6), beta-D-glucopyranosyl-a-spinasterol (7), stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol (8), and adenosine (9), separately. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 3, 4 and 5 are isolated from the genus Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. for the first time.

As an important member of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) plays an important role in the signal transduction of central nervous system. Selective mGluR1 antagonists can block the signaling pathway activated by mGluR1 and exert a series of physiological actions including analgesia, antianxiety, antidepression, etc. Currently, the discovery and modification of selective mGluR1 antagonists have become a hot research focus. This paper reviews the structural catalogs of selective mGluR1 antagonists and their structure-activity relationships in the last decade.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1(SIRT-1)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The expressions of SIRT-1 and NF-κB were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 108 selected cases of primary NSCLC and 48 samples of para-carcinoma normal tissue. The relationships of the expressions of SIRT-1 and NF-κB and clinical pathological features were analyzed,respectively. Results Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression rates of SIRT-1 and NF-κB in NSCLC tissue were 90. 7%(98 / 108)and 94. 4%(102 / 108),respectively,significantly higher than those in normal lung tissue 4. 2%(2 / 48),16. 7%(8 / 48),χ2 = 108. 237,P = 0. 000;χ2 = 96. 683,P = 0. 000,and the expre-ssion of SIRT-1 and NF-κB showed a positive correlation(r = 0. 480,P = 0. 001). There were significant posi-tive correlations between the expression of SIRT-1 and tumor size(r = 0. 227,P = 0. 018),TNM stage(r =0. 298,P = 0. 002)and lymph node metastasis(r = 0. 280,P = 0. 003),and there was negative correlation between the expression of SIRT-1 and differentiation(r = - 0. 300,P = 0. 002),and there were no correlation between the expression of SIRT-1 and sex,age and histological type in NSCLC tissues. There were significant positive correlation between the expression of NF-κB and TNM stage(r = 0. 256,P = 0. 009)and lymph node metastasis(r = 0. 261,P = 0. 006),and there was negative correlation between the expression of NF-κB and differentiation(r = - 0. 235,P = 0. 013),and there were no correlation between the expression of NF-κB and sex,age,histological type and tumor size in NSCLC tissues. Conclusion The positive expression rates of SIRT-1 and NF-κB in NSCLC tissue are significantly higher than those in normal lung tissue,and they are rela-ted to TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and differentiation,and the former is also related to tumor size. High expression of SIRT-1 and NF-κB may play important roles in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.

Objective To establish a mouse model of orthotopic Lewis lung carcinoma using Matrigel, to evaluate the tumor growth and metastasis, and to provide a more stable mouse model of orthotopic lung cancer, which is more similar to human lung cancer.Methods Logarithmic phase of cultured Lewis lung cancer cells were suspended in Matrigel, vac-cinated into the left lung of inbred C57BL/6 mice.Five mice were killed on the 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, and 16th days, re-spectively, and to observe the median survival, tumor formation rate, tumor growth, and metastasis.Pathological changes of the mouse lung, liver, kidney and spleen were examined.Results In 5 mice killed on the 7th postoperative day, small tumor nodules were observed on the lung in three mice and no tumor was visible by gross inspection in the other two mice, but small tumor nodules were observed under the microscope.For all the mice killed on the 10th postoperative day, tumors were visible to the naked eye on the lung of all the five mice.On the 13th day, orthotopic tumor was observed on the lung with bloody pleural effusion and pleural metastasis in all the five mice.On the 25th day, in addition to the pleural metasta-sis, one mouse had pericardial metastasis and renal metastasis.The survival periods of the 5 mice were 17 d, 20 d, 22 d, 22 d, and 25 d, respectively, with a median survival period of 21.2 d (17-25 d), and the tumor formation rate was 100%.Conclusions Mouse models of orthotopic Lewis lung carcinoma is successfully established using injection of tumor cells suspended in Matrigel.This model is more similar to the growth of human lung cancer, with good stability, high tumor formation rate and characteristics of distant metastasis, therefore, is worthy of further application.

Objective To investigate the role of Rho kinase (ROCK) in the protective effects of hydrogen on intestinal epithelial barrier function in sepsis. Methods Caco-2 cells were cultured routinely, and divided into 6 groups randomly (n=3):control group (C group), hydrogen-rich medium group (H group), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treatment group (L group), hy?drogen+LPS-treatment group (HL group), Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-37632) treatment group (Y group) and Rho kinase inhibi?tor Y-27632+LPS-treatment group (YL group). H group was treated with 0.6 mmol/L hydrogen-rich media. The concentra?tion of LPS and Y-27632 were 50 mg/L and 25μmol/L separately. After the Caco-2 monolayer model was established, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values were measured regularly. When the TEER value reached 800Ω·cm2, the treatment was administered. Then TEER values were measured at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, and FITC-dextran permeability was de?tected at 24 h. Cells were seeded on 6-well plates. After cell density reached 80%-90%, treatments were given randomly. The real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to assess mRNA levels of ZO-1 and ROCK mRNA. ZO-1 and ROCK protein expression levels were detected by Western blot assay. Results Compared with C group, TEER values were elevated in 12 h and 24 h in H group (P<0.05). There were no statistical significances in FITC-dextran permeability,
protein expression levels of ZO-1 and ROCK between C group and H group (P>0.05). TEER values were elevated at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h in Y group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FITC-dextran permeability between C group and Y group (P > 0.05). The mRNA expression of ZO-1 increased and mRNA expression of ROCK decreased in Y group (P <0.05). The TEER values reduced at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h in L group. The FITC-dextran permeability increased significantly, mRNA and protein expressions of ZO-1 significantly decreased, mRNA and protein expressions of ROCK significantly in?creased in L group (all P<0.05). Compared with L group, TEER values increased significantly at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h in YL group, FITC-dextran permeability decreased, mRNA expressions of ZO-1 increased, mRNA expressions of ROCK de?creased in YL group (P<0.05). Compared with L group, TEER values increased at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h in HL group, FITC-dextran permeability reduced markedly, protein expressions of ZO-1 increased at each time point, protein expressions of ROCK decreased at each time point in HL group (P<0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen can protect intestinal barrier function against sepsis, ameliorate the integrity and permeability of intestinal epithelium and increase the expressions of intercellular tight junction proteins. The suppression of Rho kinase over-expression induced by LPS may be involved in these protective effects of hydrogen.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Sir2?related enzymes?1(SIRT1)in colorectal cancer. Methods The expression of SIRT1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 86 selected cases of primary Colorectal cancer and 30 samples of normal rectum tissues besided carcinoma. The relationship of the expression and clinical pathological features were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of SIRT1 in Colorectal cancer tissue was 88.4%,and significantly higher than in normal rectum tissue besided carcinoma(P<0.001). There were no correlation between the expression of SIRT1 and sex,age and tumor diameter,and significant positive correlation between the expression of SIRT1 and TNM stage (P<0.05),lymph node metastasis(P<0.05),infiltrating depth(P<0.05),and negagtive correlation between the expression of SIRT1 and tumor differentiation(P<0.05). Conclusion The positive expression rate of SIRT1 in colorectal cancer tissue was significantly higher than in normal rectum tissue besided carcinoma and intimate correlation with tumor differentiation,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and Infiltrat?ing depth. Conclusion SIRT1 may be an important assistance gene to diagnose and judge prognosis,and may improve diagnostic rate and auxiliari?ly judge prognosis as a important Colorectal cancer marker.

In the study,nematode-trapping fungus-Arthrobotrys oligospora was firstly cultivated in Sabouraud dextrose broth medium containing 0.05％ of agar,then transferred to the corn meal agar medium.A.oligospora conidiospores was eluted from the media in different time and lyophilized after being counted,then the resuscitation of lyophilized spores was also observed,in oder to evaluate their nematicidal dosage and nematode-trapping efficacy in vitro.The results of the study were as follows:by observing the germination rate,growth rate and nematode-trapping rate of lyophilized spores from A.oligospora.The maximum germination rate of lyophilized A.oligospora conidiospores was 79.5％ on the 4 th day after inoculation,and the average growth rate was 3.4 mm/d;the maximum nematode-trapping rate was 95.8％ on the 7 th day after larvae were added on the media,and the average nematode-trapping rate was 74.0％.Compared with the control groups,the differences were both no significant (P＞0.1)in average growth and nematode-trapping rate.The results show that the freeze-dried preparation materials was accessible and simple,with good resuscitation.After further optimization it will display the prospect of industrialization application.