Objective To investigate the oxidative stress and inflammation in trophoblast cells stimulated by different chain length fatty acids.MethodsSerum-free trophoblast cells cultured in vitro were divided into five groups,which were incubated with DMEM medium without free fatty acid (F-FFA),short chain fatty acids (SC-FFA),medium chain fatty acids (MC-FFA),long chain fatty acids (LC-FFA),very long chain fatty acids (VLC-FFA).Then cells in each group were stimulated by DMEM medium,reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor (apocynin) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580) and were subdivided as each FFA plus-DMEM group, plus-NADPH-Ⅰ and plus-p38MAPK-Ⅰ groups.Expressions of mRNA and protein of p38MAPK and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in trophoblast cells were detected by real-time PCR and western blot.Results (1) The mRNA expression of p38MAPK in LC-FFA + DMEM,VLC-FFA + DMEM,LC-FFA + NADPH-Ⅰ,LC-FFA + p38MAPK-Ⅰ,VLC-FFA + NADPH-Ⅰ,VLC-FFA + p38MAPK-Ⅰ group were 4.56 ±0.28,22.65 ±2.40,0.87 ±0.06,1.02 ±0.15,19.87 ± 1.93,10.22 ±0.75 separately,and the protein expressions were 0.79 ± 0.02,0.93 ± 0.10,0.43 ± 0.06,0.44 ± 0.19,0.79 ± 0.10,0.81 ±0.14.Compared with other groups,the mRNA and protein expressions of p38MAPK in LC-FFA + DMEM,VLC-FFA + DMEM group were increased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with LC-FFA + DMEM group,mRNA and protein expressions of p38MAPK in LC-FFA + NADPH-Ⅰ and LC-FFA + p38MAPK-Ⅰ group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with VLC-FFA + DMEM group,mRNA and protein expressions of p38MAPK had no difference in VLC-FFA + NADPH-Ⅰ group (P ＞ 0.05 ),mRNA expression of p38MAPK in VLC-FFA + p38MAPK-Ⅰ group was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05 ),but there was no difference in protein expression ( P ＞ 0.05).(2) The mRNA expression of COX-2 in LC-FFA + DMEM,VLC-FFA +DMEM,LC-FFA + NADPH-Ⅰ,LC-FFA + p38MAPK-Ⅰ,VLC-FFA + NADPH-Ⅰ,VLC-FFA + p38MAPK-Ⅰ group were 3.97 ±0.03,39.08 ±0.63,0.99 ±0.13,0.98 ±0.18,20.93 ±3.70,13.46 ± 2.31 separately,and the protein expressions were 1.32 ± 0.20,1.33 ± 0.25,0.59 ± 0.13,0.58 ± 0.30,0.88 ± 0.18,0.91 ± 0.24.Compared with other groups,mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 in LC-FFA + DMEM and VLC-FFA + DMEM group were significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with LC-FFA + DMEM group,mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 in LC-FFA + NADPH-Ⅰ and LC-FFA +p38MAPK-Ⅰ group were decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with VLC-FFA + DMEM group,mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 in VLC-FFA + NADPH-Ⅰ and VLC-FFA + p38MAPK-Ⅰ group were all decreased ( P ＜ 0.05 ).( 3 ) The correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations between the mRNA and protein expressions of p38MAPK and COX-2 in LC-FFA group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There were significantly positive correlations in protein expression ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but no conrelation in the mRNA expression between p38MAPK and COX-2 in the F-FFA,SC-FFA,MC-FFA,VLC-FFA groups (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsThe oxidative stress and inflammation may exist in trophoblast cells which were stimulated by LC-FFA and VLC-FFA.p38MAPK signal transduction pathway may contributed in this process.

To study the chemical constituents of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., chromatographic methods such as D101 macroporous resin, silica gel column chromatographic technology, Sephadex LH-20, octadecylsilyl (ODS) column chromatographic technique and preparative HPLC were used and nine compounds were isolated from a 95% (v/v) ethanol extract of the plant. By using spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC, these compounds were identified as 5-ethoxymethyl-1-carboxyl propyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (1), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (2), chrysoeriol (3), 4'-hydroxyscutellarin (4), vanillic acid (5), alpha-spinasterol (6), beta-D-glucopyranosyl-a-spinasterol (7), stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol (8), and adenosine (9), separately. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 3, 4 and 5 are isolated from the genus Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. for the first time.

As an important member of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) plays an important role in the signal transduction of central nervous system. Selective mGluR1 antagonists can block the signaling pathway activated by mGluR1 and exert a series of physiological actions including analgesia, antianxiety, antidepression, etc. Currently, the discovery and modification of selective mGluR1 antagonists have become a hot research focus. This paper reviews the structural catalogs of selective mGluR1 antagonists and their structure-activity relationships in the last decade.

Objective To investigate the effects of expression of mitochondria long-chain fatty acid oxidative enzyme (long-chain 3 hyroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase,LCHAD) and p38 mitogen activated proteinkinase (p38MAPK) signal transduction pathway in severe preeclampsia.Methods Serum-free trophoblast cells cultured in vitro were stimulated by early onset severe preeclampsia serum (E-PE group),late onset severe preeclampsia serum (L-PE group),HELLP syndrome serum (HELLP group),and normal pregnancy serum (NP group) respectively; each group was added DMEM/F12 medium,reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor (NADPH-Ⅰ) and p38 MAPK inhibitor (p38-Ⅰ)to stimulate cells.Expression of mRNA and protein of LCHAD in trophoblast cells were detected by real-time PCR and western blot.Results (1) The expression of mRNA of LCHAD:the level of mRNA of LCHAD in NP+DMEM,E-PE + DMEM,E-PE + NADPH-Ⅰ,E-PE + p38-Ⅰ,L-PE + DMEM,L-PE + NADPH-Ⅰ,L-PE + p38-Ⅰ and HELLP + DMEM,HELLP + NADPH-Ⅰ,HELLP + p38-Ⅰ groups were 1.00 ± 0.03,0.14 ±0.08,0.95 ±0.20,1.43±1.02,0.37 ±0.18,1.51 ±0.36,1.60 ±0.31,0.10 ±0.04,0.49 ±0.10,0.44 ± 0.21,respectively.The relative expressions of mRNA of LCHAD were significantly reduced in E-PE + DMEM,L-PE + DMEM and HELLP + DMEM groups compared with the NP + DMEM group (P ＜0.05).Compared with the NP groups,the relative expressions of mRNA of LCHAD were significantly increased in L-PE + NADPH-Ⅰ and L-PE + p38-Ⅰ group (P ＜ 0.05),while reduced in HELLP groups (P ＜0.05).(2) The expression of protein of LCHAD:the relative expressions of protein of LCHAD in NP +DMEM,E-PE + DMEM,E-PE + NADPH-Ⅰ,E-PE + p38-Ⅰ,L-PE + DMEM,L-PE + NADPH-Ⅰ,L-PE +p38-Ⅰ and HELLP + DMEM,HELLP + NADPH-Ⅰ,HELLP + p38-Ⅰ groups were 19.4 ± 2.2,10.7 ± 1.1,17.9±3.3,19.1 ±2.9,16.4 ±2.3,20.3 ±2.3,20.9 ±4.3,12.4 ±2.3,17.6 ±2.6,17.7 ±2.0 respectively.Compared with the NP groups,the protein expressions of LCHAD were significantly remarkably reduced in E-PE + DMEM,L-PE + DMEM and HELLP groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the DMEM groups,the protein expressions of LCHAD were significantly increased in NADPH-Ⅰ and p38-Ⅰ groups of E-PE,L-PE and HELLP groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions These studies demonstrate that long chain fatty acid oxidation was involved in the pathogenesis and development of preeclampsia.The expressions of gene and protein of LCHAD were remarkably affected by early onset severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.NADPH-Ⅰ and p38-Ⅰ may allay the disorder of fatty acid oxidation.p38MAPK signal transduction pathway may contributed in this process.

Fracture problem of orthodontic wires was discussed in this paper. The calculation formulae of bending stress and tensile stress were obtained. All main factors that affect bending stress and tensile stress of orthodontic wires were analyzed and discussed. It was concluded that the main causes of fracture of orthodontic wires were fatigue and static disruption. Some improving proposals for preventing fracture of orthodontic wires were put forward.
Dental Alloys ; Elasticity ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Mechanics ; Orthodontic Wires ; Tensile Strength

Objective To examine loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) of locus D8S532 on chromosome 8 and their influence on the expression of sFRP1 in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCs), which may provide an experimental evidence for clarifying the mechanism of sFRP1 gene and tumor development. Methods DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and ordinary silver stain were used to study LOH and MSI of locus D8S532. Envision immunohistochemistry, Leica-Qwin computerized imaging system and Image-Pro PluS (IPP) version 4.5 professional imaging analysis software were used to assess the expression of sFRP1. Results The detection rates of LOH and MSI of locus D8S532 in the 36 specimens of HCC were 11.11% and 8.33% respectively. The down-regulation of sFRP1 was observed in 31 of 36 HCCs (86.11%) compared with non-carcinoma liver tissues, and the positive rate of sFRP1 protein of the HCCs was 52.78%( 19/36 ). The frequency of LOH was lower in the cases with positive expression of sFRP1 protein than those negative (0 vs 23.53%, P <0.05). Conclusion It was a common phenomenon that expression of sFRP1 protein is negative or low in Chinese with HCCs. The genetic instability of sFRP1 gene was one of causes, which lead to HCCs. LOH may play a major role in negative expression of sFRP1.

Objective:To compare the treatment outcomes of neoadjoint therapy combined with liver transplantation versus radical hepatectomy for patients with surgically resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on the data of 64 patients with resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma operated from January 2009 to December 2014 at the Organ Transplantation Department of the First Central Hospital of Tianjin. There were 43 males and 21 females, with an average age of 61.2 years. There were 45 patients who underwent radical hepatectomy in the liver resection group, and 19 patients who underwent combined neoadjuvant therapy (radiotherapy combined with 5-fluorouracil intravenous drip, transcatheter lumen radiotherapy, capecitabine oral administration) and liver transplantation in the liver transplantation group. The recurrence rates and survival rate were compared between groups.Results:The 1, 3 and 5 years cumulative survival rates of the liver transplantation group were 89.5%, 73.7% and 63.2%, respectively, which were significantly better than those of the liver resection group (80.0%, 53.3% and 35.6%) ( P<0.05). The postoperative tumor recurrence rate in the liver transplantation group was 31.6% (6/19), which was significantly lower than that in the liver resection group of 60.0% (27/45) ( P<0.05). Subgroup analysis using postoperative pathological results showed the cumulative survival rates of patients without lymph node metastasis (N 0) and those with negative resection margins (R 0) were not significantly different between groups ( P>0.05). However, for patients with regional lymph node invasion (N 1) and with R 0 resection margin, the cumulative survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years after liver transplantation were 83.3%, 66.7% and 50.0%, respectively, which were significantly superior to the 64.3%, 28.6% and 14.3% of the liver resection group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Hepatectomy is recommended for patients with N 0 R 0 resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. For patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma with marginally resectable N 1R 0, neoadjuvant therapy combined with liver transplantation resulted in significantly better long-term overall survival than resection.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of combination of low-dose HBIg and Nucleoside analogues on recurrence of hepatitis B after liver transplantation. Methods Retrospectively analyzed HBV status and recurrence in patients accepting Nucleoside analogues plus low-dose HBIg as prophylaxis treatment after liver transplantation for HBV-related end-stage liver disease from December 1998 to Octomber 2009 in our center. Results In all the 1506 patients whose survival time >30 d after liver transplantation, 37 patients showed HBV recurrence, the HBV cumulative-recurrence rate of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6y was 1.3%,2. 4%,2. 7%,2. 9%,3. 7% and 4.6% respectively. The time of recurrence varied from 0. 3 to 66. 6 months (median 12. 8 months) after transplantation. Virus mutation could be tested in 9 cases of the 37 recurrence patients, including 4 YMDD cases, 2 YMDD + YIDD cases, 1 YMDD+YVDD cases, 1 YVDD case,and 1 YIDD case. Conclusions Liver transplantation is the principal therapeutic method for the patient with end-stage liver diseases related to HBV, with the effectively prophylaxis treatment to aim directly at HBV recurrence. If the patients who got HBV recurrence received targeted treatments, the situation can be controlled satisfactorily.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction(HVOO) after pediatric liver transplantation.MethodsFrom Jan.2000 to Dec.2009,48 children received liver transplantation in the Department of Liver Transplantation,First Central Hospital,Tianjin.There were 3 patients who developed HVOO (2 received liver transplantation in our center,while the third from another centre).The HVOO was diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS),computed tomography (CT),and angiography of inferior vena cava (IVC).The patients received balloon dilation and/or stent placement and followed-up with regular monitoring.ResultsIn our center,the incidence rate of HVOO was 4.17％ (2/48).The time of onset was 2 months to 1 year postoperatively.The pressure gradient between the hepatic vein and the right atrium was from 6 to 30mmHg.After treatment,the venous pressure gradient decreased from 4 to 10mmHg.Resolution of clinical symptoms was achieved in these patients.HVOO relapsed in two patients who received balloon angioplasty only.The clinical symptoms were relieved after repeated balloon dilation in one and stent placement in the other.There were no further complications after these procedures.All patients were alive at a follow-up from 2 months to 9 years.ConclusionThe incidence of HVOO after pediatric liver transplantation was not high,but HVOO led to serious consequences.Balloon dilation and/or stent implantation were safe and efficacious treatments for HVOO after pediatric liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate the safety of donors and recipients in living donor liver transplantation (adults to infants). Methods From September 2006 to November 2009, 8 living donor liver transplantations were performed, and all of the recipients were diagnosed as having congenital biliary atresia. Triphasic liver computed tomography was used to display the shape of the liver and calculate total liver and liver lobes volumes in donors. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was used to examine the conditions of the bile tract. Suitable liver lobe was resected depending on the condition of recipients' abdomen. After the operation, all of the recipients received treatments including anti-rejection, anti-infection, etc. All the donors received liver protection and antisecretory treatments. The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative states of donors and recipients were analyzed. Results All of the operations were performed successfully. For the grafts, 6 left lateral lobes, 1 hepatic S3 and 1 reduced-size hepatic S3 were obtained. The weight of lobe grafts was 148-302 g (235. 9 ± 53. 6 g). The ratio of graft weight to recipient weight ranged from 2. 11% to 3. 36 % (2. 65 % ± 0. 48 %). During a follow-up period of 3-40 months (median 18 months), there was no donor mortality, but 2 (25%) donors experienced complications. One (12. 5 %) of the 8 recipients died, and the remaining developed 13 cases/times of complications.Conclusion Accurate assessment of recipients and donors preoperatively, suitable resection of the grafts and precise operation intraoperatively, and careful treatment postoperatively can ensure safety of the recipients and donors to the maximum extent.