BACKGROUND: The free radicals induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion consist mainly of xanthine oxidase, which induces cell swelling in the infarcted area.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of cerebral ischemia/reperfusioninduced changes in the activity of cerebral superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme responsible for free radical clearance, and investigate the effect of apurin, a inhibitor of purine oxidase, on cellular water content in the brain tissue with ischemia/reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Neurology of the Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery of the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, and Liaoning Provincial Orthopedic Hospital for Limb Disabilities.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of the Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College from May 2003 to April 2004. Forty Wistar rats were subjected to a 6-hour cerebral ischemia and randomized into 4 equal groups to receive intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg apurin (ischemia + apurin group), oxolinic acid suspension of the same dose (ischemia+ oxolinic acid group), 100 mg/kg apurin after a 2-hour reperfusion (Ischemia/reperfusion + apurin group), or oxolinic acid of the same dosage after the 2-hour reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion + oxolinic acid goup), respectively. The rats in apurin group had intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg apurin 48, 24 and 1 hour before occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery (CICA) to induce the ischemia, respectively. Oxolinic acid was given in the two oxolinic acid groups in the same manner.METHODS:Water content of brain tissue of rats was measured after 6 hours of CICA occlusion in the two ischemia groups and after the 2-hour perfusion in the two ischemia/reperfusion groups. Distribution of SOD in the brain tissue was observed with SOD immunostaining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution of SOD and water content in the brain tissue of rats.RESULTS: In the two oxolinic acid groups, Cu-Zn SOD staining identified obviously increased staining intensity in the ischemic foci. Mn SOD staining in ischemia+oxolinic acid group resulted in increased circular staining surrounding the vessels in the ischemic foci, with also obvious staining of the vascular wall and neural cells. The ischemic foci of the ischemia/reperfusion + oxolinic acid group showed diffuse but lightly weaker staining. Cu-Zn SOD staining in the two apurin groups revealed no significant difference. In the two oxolinic acid groups, endothelial cell nuclear swelling of the arteriole, protrusion of the mid-layer myocytes, and expansion of the vascular membrane were observed, with the tissues surrounding the vessels appearing spongy. These changes were less severe in the two apurin groups. The water content in the brain tissue was (78.56±0.30) % in ischemia + apurin group and (78.85±0.49) % in ischemia/reperfusion + apurin group, significantly lower than that of (79.08±0.33) % in ischemia + oxolinic acid group and (79.86±0.49) % in ischemia/reperfusion + oxolinic acid group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Apurin can relieve tissue injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by inhibition of SOD.

BACKGROUND: HER2 status assessment is an Important biological Index for the treatment and prognosis of Invasive breast cancer. Pre-treatment of tissues such as Immobilization, dehydration, transparency and dewaxlng Is a necessary procedure for HER2 protein and gene detection after pathological paraffin sections, and also an important factor affecting Immunohlstochemlstry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of environment-friendly biological tissue sample preparation kit In fluorescence in situ hybridization detection of HER2 protein 2-positive Invasive breast cancer. METHODS: 402 Invasive breast cancer specimens were collected from Shantou Central Hospital from January 2015 to March 2019. The same specimens were semi-dissected and randomly divided Into two groups. The control group was treated by traditional reagent formaldehyde immobilization-ethanol dehydratlon-xylene transparency and dewaxlng, and paraffin sections were made. The experimental group was treated with formaldehyde immobilization-ethanol dehydratlon-xylene transparent dewaxlng. Environment-friendly biological tissue sample preparation kit (Including environmentally friendly stationary fluid, dehydration fluid, transparent liquid, dewaxing fluid) was used to make slices. The expression of HER2 protein was detected by Immunohlstochemlstry. The amplification of HER2 gene was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization In 131 Invasive breast cancer specimens with positive HER2 protein expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of HER2 protein In both experimental and control groups was specific and cell localization was correct. There were no significant differences In HER2 protein positive rate, uncertainty rate, and negative rate between the two groups (P > 0.05).The coincidence rate of HER2 protein expression between the two groups was 99.00%. The background of HER2 gene was clear In both groups, and the signals of HER2 and CM 7 double probes were clear. There was no cross-reaction and the double probe signal was precisely located In the nucleus of cancer cells. There was no significant difference In the number of successful cells between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate and negative rate of HER2 gene amplification between the two groups (P > 0.05). The coincidence rate of HER2 gene amplification between the two groups was 97.71%. The average signal number of HER2 gene and the ratio of HER2/cells In both groups were all equal. There was no significant difference in the mean number of Ch17 signal, Ch17/cell ratio and HER2/CM7 ratio between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total positive rate of HER2 between the two groups (P > 0.05). The results showed that compared with the traditional reagents, the invasive breast cancer samples prepared by environment-friendly bio-tissue sample preparation kit had no effect on HER2 protein expression. The expression of HER2 protein does not affect the amplification of HER2 gene, which can meet the needs of clinical detection.

Starting from the practices of grade protection assessment on the information system of Peking Union Medical College Hos -pital, the paper introduces the information system grade and assessment contents and processes , discusses common problems found in specific work and risk analysis approaches so as to provide a reference for work related to information security .

Objective To investigate the characteristics and diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) examination of gastrointestinal lipoma.Methods The cross-sectional study was adopted.The clinicopathological data of 96 patients with gastrointestinal lipoma including 32 from the Second Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University,30 from the First Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University,17 from the Ruian People's Hospital of Zhejiang,11 from the Yueqing People's Hospital,3 from the Wenzhou Central Hospital and 3 from the Wenzhou People's Hospital from December 2006 to September 2015 were collected.All patients were fasted for 8 hours prior to the examination,and partial patients underwent enhanced scan after the conventional CT scanning with breathless scanning and no abdominal pressure.Coronal and sagittal images of gastrointestinal tract including the tumor were administrated with multiple planar reconstruction (MPR)techniques of Reformat software.Based on MPR images,the curves along the gastrointestinal tract were drawn,voxel distributed along the curve track were reconstructed,and curved planar reconstruction (CPR) images were obtained.The patients received operation or follow-up according to individual characteristics after examinations.The patients undergoing operation were followed up for detecting tumor recurrence and metastasis by CT examination and patients receiving follow-up were observed by endoscopy for detecting changes of tumor size and morphology up to June 2015.The analysis indexes included tumor location and size,performance of MSCT examination (tumor shape,density,margin,intussusceptions,enhanced MSCT examination),intraoperative findings,results of pathological examination and results of follow-up.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as i ± s.Results All the 96 patients received MSCT plain scan and the 42 received enhanced MSCT scan.The CPR images in 30 patients were collected.(1) Tumor location and size:3 tumors were located in the stomach,16 in the duodenal,27 in the jejunum,23 in the ileal,2 in the ileocecus,9 in the sigmoid colon,9 in the ascending colon,3 in the descending colon,3 in the transverse colon and 1 in the appendix.The diameter of tumor was (3.8 ± 2.3) cm.(2) Performance of MSCT examination:of the 96 patients,round or oval tumors were detected in 68 patients,tubular tumors in 15 patients and lobulated tumors in 13 patients.Tumors showed homogeneous density in 67 patients and inhomogeneous density in 29 patients.The CT value of tumors was-110--53 HU with a median value of-80 HU.Tumors of the 96 patients had clear boundaries and smooth margins.Twenty-four patients were complicated with intussusceptions with nested length of (28 ±4)cm,including 10 cases of multiple concentric rings,7 cases of double-target sign and 7 cases of banana sign.Enhanced MSCT scan showed that capsule around tumors in the 96 patients demonstrated slightly intensified,tumor body demonstrated no enhancement and that angiolipoma in 10 patients had cable strip like enhancement in the tumors.(3) Intraoperative findings:of the 96 patients,59 patients underwent surgical resection with single tumor,24 patients were concomitant with intussusceptions,9 patients showed aphtha in the center of tumors and 1 patient had partial lipoma in the prepyloric region dropped into the duodenal.Thirty-seven patients received endoscopic examination,showing submucous nodular protrusive lesions of 1.7-3.5 cm.(4) Results of pathological examination:of 59 patients undergoing surgical resection,submucosal,subserous and intramural tumors were detected in 45,9 and 5 patients,respectively,with complete capsule and pedunculated or non-pedunculated.Of the 59 patients,tumors showed round or oval shape in 41 patients,tubular shape in 10 patients and lobulated shape in 8 patients.The section of tumors showed yellowish-white.Specimens from endoscopic and surgical resections were observed under microscopy,the tumors were composed of mature-differentiated adipocytes,different quantities of fibrous connective tissues,blood vessels and mucus ingredients.Tumor cells were round shape with hypochromatic cytoplast and became polygeal and vacuolated after squeezing,nucleus was compressed to peripheral area and cytoplasm was full of lipid droplets.The results of immunohistochemistry stain showed Vimentin,CD34,D2-40,CD68 were positive and AE1/3 and Calretinin were negative.All tumors were diagnosed as benign lipomas.Fifty-nine patients who underwent surgical resection were followed up for 0.5-5.0 years and 37 patients of which specimens were obstained by endoscopic resection were followed up for 1.0-2.0 years after the pathological diagnosis with no significant change.Conclusion The MSCT finding of the gastrointestinal lipoma has characteristic appearance,and MSCT examination can clearly show lipoma location,size,shape and properties,with a widespread application value.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of mixed volatile oil from Forsythiae Fructus, Saposhnikoviae Radix and Magnoliae Flos and inclusion process of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Methods With yield ratio of volatile oil as evaluation index, single factor experiments were used to study the extraction process of volatile oil;saturated aqueous solution was used, with inclusion rate of volatile oil as index, and orthogonal design was adopted to examine effects of charge ratio of volatile oil and β-CD, inclusion temperature and inclusion time on the inclusion process; X-ray scattering technique, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the inclusion compound. Results The optimum extraction process of volatile oil was soaking fine powder extracted 5 hours with 10 folds the amount of water. The optimum conditions of inclusion process were as follows:mixed ratio of volatile oil (mL) and β-CD (g) was 1:10; inclusion temperature was 50 ℃; the inclusion time was 2 h. X-ray scattering technique, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy proved the inclusion compound had been formed. Conclusion Optimum extraction and inclusion processes are stable and feasible, and can provide research foundation for further research and development of preparation.

Objective To investigate CT and MRI features of hepatoblastoma in adults.Methods CT and MRI findings of 8 cases of adult hepatoblastoma were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1) 75.0％ of the tumors was located in the right lobe of the liver and 25.0％ in the left lobe of the liver.(2) The maximum diameter of the tumor was averaged at (8.2±5.5)cm,and the maximum diameter of ＞ 5 cm was 62.5％.(3) Most tumors have a complete or incomplete false envelope,and the boundary is clear.(4) 75.0％ tumors were of necrocystic degeneration with calcification or bleeding in 25.0％ cases.(5) CT flat scan showing uniform low density or low density,MRI scanning T1WI was low signal,T2WI,T2WI fat suppression and DWI were high in parenchyma.(6) To strengthen substantial part in mild and moderate arterial uneven improved or ring slightly improved,portal venous phase continued mild reinforcement,delay slow exit accounted for 75.0％,reinforced psuedocapsule was mild.(7) The adjacent organs are under pressure deformation.(8) All patients underwent tumor resection and were followed up for 3 to 24 months.Conclusions CT and MRI characteristics of hepatblastoma in adult are specific and help improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate which aeroallergens were prevalent in patients with allergic rhinitis in Yunnan. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of intradermal test performed in 1893 AR patients. The samples were divided into four age groups: 4-17-year-olds, > 17-35-year-olds, > 35-50-year-olds and > 50-70-year-olds. According to gender,the samples were decided into two groups: the males and the females. The positive rate of aeroallergens were compared among the groups. RESULT: (1)The total positive rate of intradermal test was 70.1%. The top ten allergens were as follow: dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farina, house dust, pollen of the summer and autumn, alnus nepalensis, chenopodiaceae, mugwort, poaceae, brassica and cockroach. (2) In all groups,patients with triple positive allergens were the most common,followed by dual positive allergens and single positive allergen. (3) Among the top ten allergens, the top three positive ones in all groups were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farina and house dust. And there were significant differences between 4-17-year-olds group and the other age groups (P < 0.01). (4) There was no significant difference between male and female patients in distribution of aeroallergens except House dust and mite. CONCLUSION The most common allergen in patients with allergic rhinitis in Yunnan is mite,the follow are pollen of the summer and autumn, alnus nepalensis, chenopodiaceae, mugwort, poaceae, and brassica. The distribution of aeroallergens are different among the age groups, but has no evident correlation with gender.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of induced membrane technique in the treatment of traumatic segmental bone defects.Methods From May 2011 to January 2016,we treated 10 patients with traumatic segmental bone defect of the lower limb.They were 7 men and 3 women,with an average age of 41.6 years (from 18 to 61 years.The bone defects involved 8 tibias and 2 femurs;the mean length of the bone defects was 5.1 cm (from 2 to 15 cm).All the segmental bone defects were teated by induced membrane technique.At the first stage,the bone defects were filled with antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer after thorough debridement,the limb was fixated with external fixtor,and soft tissue repair was performed in 5 patients.On average all the patients received emergency treatment at the first stage 8.1 hours (from 4 to 13 hours) after trauma.At the second stage,after the cement was removed,the bone defects were filled with cancellous autografts.An allograft was used when the autograft was not adequate enough.The external fixtor was exchanged by internal fixation in one patient according to his soft tissue condition and will;the exteranl fixation was retained in the other 9 patients.Results The average follow-up was 2.8 years (from 1.0 to 5.5 years).Bone healing was achieved in 9 patients after an average of 7.1 months (from 5 to 9 months),and nonunion happened in one patient whose bone graft had been not sufficient enough.Stress fracture occurred in one patient 7 months after bone healing,but it responded to conservative management.One patient reported numbness on the anterolateral thigh of the donor site.Pin tract infection occurred in 3 patients.Follow-ups revealed no limb length discrepancy or deep infection.Conclusion Induced membrane technique is a simple and reliable technique for the treatment of traumatic segmental bone defects.

Objective:To investigate clinical significance of the detection of bone mineral density(BMD)and serum levels of vitamin D in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods:Sixty elderly patients with PD(the PD group)admitted in our hospital from June 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study.And 60 healthy persons confirmed by annual health check-up matched for age and sex during the same period were included as the control group.PD patients were divided into the osteoporosis group(n=23)and the non-osteoporosis group(n=37). The clinical data, bone mineral density and serum vitamin D level were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression method was used to analyze related factors for osteoporosis in PD patients.Results:The incidences of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency were higher in PD group than in control group[23 cases(38.3%) vs.13 cases(21.7%)、35 cases(58.3%) vs.21 cases(35.0%), all P<0.05]. Bone mineral density and serum 25-(OH)D level were lower in PD group than in control group[(0.77±0.08)g/m 2vs.(0.83±0.09)g/m 2, (25.65±8.65)nmol/L vs.(39.80±10.74)nmol/L, t=4.381 and 8.439, P<0.05]. The age, course of disease and H-Y grade were higher and serum level of 25-(OH)D was lower in the osteoporosis group than in the control group( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that BMD and 25-(OH)D were negatively correlated with age, course of disease and H-Y stage, respectively, and BMD was positively correlated with 25-(OH)D( r=0.396, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in elderly PD patients( OR=2.332, 95% CI: 1.772-8.224, P<0.01). Conclusions:The incidence of osteoporosis is high in elderly PD patients, and vitamin D deficiency is often present.Vitamin D deficiency may be an independent risk factor for osteoporosis.

Objective To analyze the factors that influence the articular function after open reduction and internal fixation for ankle fractures.Methods From July 2014 to January 2016,111 ankle fractures received surgery in our hospital.There were 54 males and 57 fenales,with a mean age of 43.5 years (frown 18 to 75 years).By the Broos & Bisschop classification,there were 43 unimalleolar,38 bimalleolar and 30 trimalleolar fractures.The postoperative articular function was evaluated according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scoring at the final follow-up.Comparisons were made between the patients with excellent functional scores and those with lower than excellent functional scores.The potential influencing factors were analyzed,including age,gender,body mass index,smoking history,primary hypertension history,diabetes history,injured side,fracture cause,Broos & Bisschop classification,combined presence of obvious inferior tibiofibular separation,combined presence of ankle dislocation,combined presence of other injury,time from injury to surgery,physical status classification by the American Society of Anesthesiologists system,operation time,early functional exercise,removal of internal fixation and postoperative complications.The influencing factors were identified using univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis.Results The average follow-up period was 15.5 months (from 8 to 25 months).The clinical union time of the fractures averaged 3.2 months (from 3 to 5 months).The ankle function at the final follow-up was excellent in 58 cases,good in 48,fair in 5 and poor in 0,with an excellent and good rate of 95.5％.Removal of internal fixation (P =0.001),early functional exercise (P =0.002),and postoperative complications (P =0.049) were identified as the independent risk factors influencing the articular function after surgery for ankle fractures.Conclusion For patients with ankle fracture,enhancing intraoperative procedures,reducing postoperative complications,encouraging the patients to do early functional exercise,and removing internal fixation after firacture union can effectively improve their ankle function.