Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disorder caused by the abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Traditional high-throughput cell sequencing reflects the heterogeneity of cell population, while it ignores the genetic information in single-cell. The development of single-cell sequencing has enabled the access to cell-to-cell variation in tumor and microenvironment of bone marrow, providing a deep understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of MM and guidance for clinical treatment. This paper reviews the latest progress of single-cell sequencing and its application in disease pathogenesis, monitoring of disease progression, immunotherapy and therapeutic responses of MM.

Having been launched for almost two decades,the seven-year medical educational program in Jiangsu province has cultivated and exported a certain amount of popular high-level medical talents with high and integrated quality for our society.To establish and construct the medical educational hierarchy which takes the five-year program as the principal part while focuses on the eight-year program corresponding to our economic level will be the inevitable tendency for the development of the higher education in our province.

Objective To analyze current situation on the quality of statistical data under hospital information system in order to enhance data supervision and improve data quality.Methods The quality of statistical data in the first half year of 2008 was described,and the quality of the dates that dates of clinic service,dates of patients discharged from hospital and surgical dates were analyzed.Results The measures about how to ensure the authenticity and effectiveness of the data were introduced.Conclusion The high practical value is provided by utilizing "No.1 Military Medical Project" Information System of statistical data for manager to provide decision support.

Objective To share the data of Fully Automatic Biochemistry Analyzer SINNOWA -B300 with Hospital Information System (HIS). Methods The main characters and functions of the Data Pipeline of PowerBuilder were analyzed,and designed application program to connect Access Database of analyzer and Oracle Database of HIS. Results The analyzer can input automatically into Oracle Database of HIS. Conclusion The use of PowerBuilder data pipeline object combined with programmer achieves real-time data sharing,the simple and reliable technology can provide a technical reference for the development of LIS of hospitals.

The effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in combination with thymosin and chemotherapy on advanced primary liver cancer was observed. Eighty-nine advanced primary liver cancer cases were randomized into two groups: Patients in the control group were treated only with chemotheraputic drugs, and patients in the observing group were treated with TNF, thymosin and chemotheraputic drugs. The results showed that there were higher primary tumor regression rates and statistically reduced AFP in the observing group than control group. The rate of half year survival, one year survival and two years survival improved 28.6%, 18.0% and 5.1% than those of control group, respectively. We belived that this combined therapy could effectivelly improve the patients immunity, the quality of survival, and long the patients survival period.

Objective To study the protective effect of different doses of rosiglitazone (RSG)against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats．Methods Forty male sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following groups：sham-operation，control，lowdose RSG(1 mg/kg·d)，moderate-dose(2 mg/kg·d)，high-dose(4 mg/kg·d)goups(n=8 in each grow)．A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours and reperfusion for 22 hours were induced by the intraluminal suture method．An automatie biochemical analyzer was used to detect the blood glucose and lipid levels．A solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum insulin levels，and the insulin sensitivity indexes were calculated．The effect of rosiglitazone on infarct volume and behavioristics was observed．Results Compared with the control group，the infarct volume was significantly reduced，and the neurological function scores were improved significantly in each RSG group(P<0．05 or P<0．01)．The insulin sensitivity was significantly increased(P<0．05 or P<0．01)，and hyperglycemia was reduced significantly after cerebral ischemia(P<0．05)and showed a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions RSG has obvious neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia／repeffusion injury in rats．Its mechanism may be associated with the increase of insulin sensitivity．

Objective To investigate the predictive value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in angiogenesis and hematoge‐nous metastasis of patients with colorectal cancer .Methods Totally 108 patients with colorectal cancer from January 2011 to De‐cember 2015 were enrolled into the study and divided into metastasis group (n=42) and non‐metastasis group (n=66) according to whether combining with hematogenous metastasis .All patients received 18 F‐2‐fluoro‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography/com‐puted tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) before operation ,then used the PET VERA software to automatically calculate MTV ac‐cording to the 40% of standard uptake value max(SUVmax ) as the threshold .The blood vessels were identified with CD34+ immu‐nohistochemical staining ,then measured the microvessel density (MVD) .The clinical pathologic data ,SUVmax ,MTV and MVD were compared between metastasis group and non‐metastasis group .The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) was performed to evaluate the predictive value of MTV on hematogenous metastasis .Results SUVmax ,MTV and MVD in metastasis group were significantly higher than that in non‐metastasis group (P<0 .05) .There were significant differences in MTV and MVD among patients with different T stage (P<0 .05) .Pearson correlation analysis results showed that MTV was positively correlated with MVD (r=0 .636 ,P<0 .001) ,and there was no significant relationship between MTV and SUVmax (r= 0 .161 ,P=0 .096>0 .05) ,MVD and SUVmax (r=0 .179 ,P=0 .064>0 .05) .AUC of MTV was 0 .736 ,and the best threshold value was 15 .016 cm3 ,whose sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and Youden index were 83 .3% ,63 .6% , 59 .3% ,85 .7% and 47 .0% respectively .Conclusion Compared with SUVmax ,MTV of colorectal cancer is associated with angio‐genesis and hematogenous metastasis ,so as to predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer ,which is worthy of clinical application .

From both doctors and patients′different perspectives , this paper analyses the causes of conflict of doctor-patient communication , and from the subjective and the objective , the history and reality , individual and social aspects of light on the restricting factors for good doctor -patient communication , and puts forward strengthe-ning the consciousness of active , rule execution , achieving full coverage , explore ways to standard mode , rich di-verse ways and other countermeasures .

Objective To observe the morphologic alterations of retina pigment epithelial around fluorescein leakage site using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) before and after laser coagulation.Methods Twenty-four eyes of 24 consecutive patients with unilateral acute CSC who underwent laser photocoagulation (wave length:561 nm,energy:80-100 mW,spot diamteter:100 μm,exposure time:0.1 s) were enrolled in this retrospective study.The patients included 22 males and 2 females,with an average age of (39.2± 7.2) years and an average duration of (1.1 ± 0.6) months.The fluorescein leakage outside the foveal avascular zone and serous retinal detachment were found in all the eyes by fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and SD-OCT.Twenty-six leakage sites were observed in 24 eyes on FFA.There were 5 smoky leakage points (19.2％),21 inky leakage points (80.8 ％).The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer at leakage points were scanned by SD-OCT before and at 2 weeks,2 months after treatment.SD-OCT showed that the RPE abnormalities were detected at all of the fluorescein leakage points,including serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in 16 leakage points (64.5％),protruding RPE in 5 leakage points (19.5％),and irregular RPE in 5 leakage points (19.2％).The morphologic alterations of RPE around fluorescein leakage point before and after laser coagulation were observed.Results At 2 weeks after laser photocoagulation,PED existed in 7 leakage points (26.9％),protruding RPE in 3 leakage points (11.5％),and irregular RPE in 16 leakage points (61.5％).At 2 months after laser photocoagulation,protruding RPE existed in 3 leakage points (11.5％),and irregular RPE in 5 leakage points (19.2％),including RPE defect in 2 leakage points.And there were undetectable RPE abnormalities in other 16 leakage points (61.5％).Conclusions In acute CSC,SD-OCT shows that morphologic features of the RPE layer are changed,including PED,protruding RPE,irregular RPE around the leakage point.After laser photocoagulation the abnormalities of RPE can also be altered from PED to irregular RPE,and RPE defect is observed in restricted regions.

AIM: To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) priming on macrophage(M?). METHODS: Macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were pretreated with or without LPS for 1 h, then challenged with PMA, or LPS, muramyl dipeptide(MDP), Zymosan, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine(FMLP) for 1 h . O  2 production in supernatants and intracellular free calcium([Ca 2+ ]i ) were measured, and changes in [Ca 2+ ]i and LPS induced O  2 production were compared. RESULTS: LPS pretreatment significantly increased O  2 production in RAW264.7 cells challenged with the stimuli, and in a certain extent, both O  2 production and increase of resting intracellular [Ca 2+ ]i were dose- and time-dependent on LPS pretreatment.Furthermore,the peak [Ca 2+ ]i was significantly higher in LPS pretreated groups than that of LPS unpretreated groups when challenged with PMA. Pretreatment with Ca 2+ inophore A23187 mimicked the LPS priming effects on O  2 production, but pretreatment with Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA and EGTA blocked this priming effect. CONCLUSION: LPS induced M? priming effect on O  2 production is dependent on elevation of resting intracellular [Ca 2+ ]i .