ObjectiveTo investigate the ultrasonic features of phyllodes tumors of the breast (PTB) with different pathologic types.MethodsTwo-dimensional ultrasound and CDFI were performed in 16 patients with pathologically proved PTB,and the ultrasonic characteristics of different pathologic types PTB were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsAccording to WHO criteria,there were 12 benign PTB,2 borderline and 2 malignant PTB.Associated breast fibroadenoma was detected in 7 patients,including 6 benign and 1 borderline PTB.All of 16 PTB had clear boundary.Benign PTB had regular or irregular shapes,homogeneous or unhomogeneous internal echo and posterior acoustic enhancement in a few cases.Most borderline and malignant PTB showed regular or irregular shapes,mixed cystic and solid internal echo or irregular internal echo,as well as posterior acoustic enhancement.No calcification of PTB was found in all 16 patients.Conclusion The ultrasonograghic features of PTB with different pathologic types are characteristic to some extent,therefore being helpful to the differential diagnosis of PTB.

To analyze features of the rabies epidemic in China between 2007 and 2011,identify factors influencing the epidemic and to provide a scientific basis for further control and prevention of rabies,Descriptive epidemiological methods and statistical analysis was used on data collected from the National Disease Reporting Information System between 2007 to 2011 and the National Active Surveillance System between 2007 and 2010.Our analysis shows that while the number of human rabies cases decreased year by year,the number of districts reporting cases did not show significant change.The situations in Guangdong,Guangxi,Guizhou and Hunan provinces clearly improved over the period but they remain provinces with high-incidence,and consequently influence the epidemic situation of surrounding provinces and possibly the whole country.Summer and autumn were high-incidence seasons.Farmers,students and pre-school children represent the high-risk populations,and rates of cases in farmers increased,those for students decreased,and pre-school children remained unchanged.Provinces with active surveillance programs reported a total of 2346 individual cases,of which 88.53％ were associated with canines.Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) of rabies cases was not significantly improved,whereas PEP in post-exposure population was good.In rural regions of China,canine density was reduced somewhat,and the immunization rate increased slightly.Finally we show that while the epidemic decreased 2007 to 2011 in China,cases continued to be diffused in certain regions.Lack of standardization of PEP on rabies cases was the main reason of morbidity.The high density and low immunization of dog in rural areas and the defective situation of PEP are still continuous occurrences in China and remain a cause for concern.

OBJECTIVETo observe the difference in the analgesic effect on primary dysmenorrheal between acupuncture and sham acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) during menstrual pain and evaluate the impact of psychological effect on acupuncture analgesia.

METHODSSixty subjects were randomized into an acupuncture group and a sham acupuncture group, 30 cases in each one. The conventional acupuncture and sham acupuncture were applied to Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on bilateral sides when menstrual pain began to attack and needles were retained for 30 min each time. Three menstrual cycles were required. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted to determine the scores before and 0. 5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h after acupuncture during menstrual pain in each cycle separately.

RESULTSIn the acupuncture group, VAS score at each time point after acupuncture was reduced as compared with that at the previous one during menstrual pain in each menstrual cycle, indicating the significant difference (all P<0. 05). In the sham acupuncture group, the scores in 6 h and 12 h of acupuncture were reduced as compared with the previous one, indicating the significant difference (all P<0. 05). After acupuncture, VAS score at each time point in the acupuncture group was lower than that in the sham acupuncture group (all P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe conventional acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) achieves the significant analgesic effect on primary dysmenorrheal. The psychological placebo effect of sham acupuncture has no obvious impact on acupuncture analgesia.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Dysmenorrhea ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle ; Placebo Effect ; Young Adult

Objective To construct a new molecular biological method for the analysis of microbial species in lower respiratory tract infections based on 16S rRNA gene by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatograph(DHPLC).Methods The universal primer set was analyzed basing on the highly conserved regions of 16S rRNA gene.DNA amplicons of lower respiratory tract were analyzed by DHPLC to generate peak profiles respectively.The incorporation of 40-bpGC clamp into the amplification primet was essential to effectively discriminate genetic differences identification.Results The primers could only amplify bacterial 16S rRNA.Bacterial of amplicons which incorporation of a 40-bpGC clamp were effectively discriminated genetic differences in DHPLC.The results of clinical isolares identification showed 100%according with the traditional method.Conclusion DHPLC has not only high accuracy,but also is a convenient,rapid and high-through technique for the discrimination bacteria.It has potential value in the detection of lower respiratory pathogenic bacteria.

Objective:To establish the qualitative and quantitative methods for Corni Fructus in Guishao Dihuang pills. Methods:A TLC method was used to identify morroniside and loganin. An HPLC method was used to determine the content of morroniside and lo-ganin in Corni Fructus. Results:The TLC spots were clear with good separation and specificity. The linear range of morroniside was within 0. 010-2. 620 μg (r=0. 999 9) and the average recovery was 102. 75% (RSD=1. 40%, n=6). The linear range of loganin was within 0.009-2.170 μg (r =0.999 9), and the average recovery was 103.59% (RSD =1.10%, n =6). Conclusion: The method is accurate, simple and feasible with good repeatability, which can be used for the quality control of Corni Fructus in the prepa-ration.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in the expression of T-cell death-associated gene 8(TD- AG8) in spinal cord in rats with bone cancer pain.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty-four female rats weighting 150-180 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group(group Ⅰ,n ＝ 64),normal saline group (group Ⅱ,n ＝ 64),bone cancer pain group(group Ⅲ],n ＝ 96).Bone cancer pain was induced by inoculating Walker256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the tibia medullary cavity.Mechanical withdrawl threshold(MWT)was measured at 1 d before(baseline)and 1,3,6,9,12,15 and 18 d after inoculation.Sixteen rats were sacrificed at 1 day before(baseline)and 6,9,12,15 and 18 d after inoculation in group Ⅲ and 18 d after inoculation in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.The L4-6 spinal cord were removed,and the number of TDAG8 positive cell was counted,and the expression of TDAG8 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR.ResultsCompared with baseline value and group Ⅰ,MWT was decreased,and the number of TDAG8 positive cells and the expression of TDAG8 mRNA in spinal cord were increased at 6-18 d after inoculation in group Ⅲ ( P < 0.01 ).ConclusionThe expression of TDAG8 in spinal cord is up-regulated in rats with bone cancer pain,which may be involved in the mechanism of the development of bone cancer pain.

Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)physicians believed that"reproduction depends on the kidney"theory is the key in treating fetal leakage,fetal restlessness,slippery fetus and other diseases.However,before the Ming and Qing Dynasties,ancient physicians paid special attention to the theory of"Qi and blood in the spleen and stomach".The"the stem of fetal ties the spleen"came from the summary of Zhao Xianke's"Handan manuscripts"based on analogy of nature in Ming dynasty.However,at present,the relevant research reports on"spleen"and tocolysis are fragmented,and the theoretical traceability,clinical effects and experimental research are not systematically discussed.Based on the"fetal stem ties the spleen"theory,through integrated research,taking the differentiation of ancient and modern theories of traditional Chinese medicine gynecology as the"longitude",and the progress of modern biological research on"syndromes,prescriptions and components"as the"latitude".This study is an initial attempt to reveal the key inflection points deductively in the empty space(territorial schools)during(history and history of)tocolysis,and to systematically explore the"spleen main Qi","spleen main transportation","spleen main rising Qing"and"spleen main muscle",which are associated with the progress of the objectification and the bottleneck of research on the treatment of tocolysis.Furthermore,it is proposed that TCM prescription syndrome metabolism and spatiotemporal omics are the important trends to solve the disputes and difficulties in the study of tocolysis in the future,and provide a new reference idea for the inheritance,innovation,breakthrough and accurate research of modern TCM reproductive theory.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of vitiligo in China through a multi-center and larse-population epidemiological survey.Methods A community-based survey was conducted in 6 cities from 6 provinces.Cluster sampling method was used.Subjects were required to fulfill the self-report questionnaires and received physical examination by dermatologists.EpiData and SPSS11.5 were utilized for statistical analysis. Results Totally,19 974 patients participated in this study,and 17 345 valid questionnaires were retrieved with a return rate of 86.84%.Of them,122 were found to have vitiligo.The prevalence and standardized prevalence of vitiligo was 0.70% and 0.56% in all patients,0.95% (75) and 0.69% in male patients and 0.50% (47) and O.45% in female patients.respectively.A significant elevation was observed in the prevalence of vitiligo in males than in females (P<0.01).The prevalence of vitiligo was increased with age and peaked in patients aging from 60 to 69 years and those over 70 years.The age at onset of vitiligo varied from 0 to 19 years in 21.85% of these patients,from 20 to 49 years in 47.05%.The most connnon type was focal vitiligo,which accounted for 36.06%,while the rarest type wag segmental type (2.46%).The pesitivity rate of family history of vitiligo was 9.84% in patients and 1.31% in community population (P<0.01).About 31.97% of the patients complained of negative influence of vitiligo on quality of life.Conclusions The standardized prevalence of vitiligo is 0.56%in 6 provinces from China.Males seem to have a higher prevalence of vifiligo than females.

ObjectiveTo explore difference in the mechanism of Shoutaiwan， a representative kidney-tonifying and abortion-preventing formula， and Juyuanjian， a typical spleen-invigorating and abortion-preventing formula in reversing the pathology of decidua of spontaneous abortion （SA） patients and to expound the connotation of "uterine collaterals connecting kidney" and "fetal collaterals connecting spleen" theory. MethodThe targets of SA were retrieved from GeneCards， followed by gene ontology-biological process （GO-BP） annotation. Based on Cytoscape and previous research， the main processes and core targets were screened out. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS） was used to identify the potential active components of Shoutaiwan and Juyuanjian and the regulatory networks were constructed. SA was induced in rats and the model rats were treated with Shoutaiwan and Juyuanjian at the same unit. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， immunohistochemistry （IHC）， immunofluorescence （IF）， and other methods were employed to verify the mechanisms against miscarriage. ResultThe dysregulation of cell adhesion， inflammatory response， cell death， and angiogenesis was the core pathological process of SA. A total of 13 potential specific active components of Shoutaiwan and 14 active components of Juyuanjian were screened out. The regulatory networks showed that the potential active components of the two prescriptions modulated vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， interleukin （IL）-2， estrogen receptor （ESR）-1， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and other targets to regulate the pathological process of SA. The two can significantly improve the pregnancy rate and the integrity rate and blood supply of decidua cells， control the apoptosis morphology and the expression of estrogen （E₂）， progesterone （P）， and its receptor， and down-regulate the expression of MMP-2， MMP-9， IL-2， and IL-6 in decidua tissue of SA rats. At the same time， they up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and IL-4. Shoutaiwan significantly up-regulated the expression of VEGF， and Juyuanjian significantly down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin （E-Cad）. ConclusionBoth Shoutaiwan and Juyuanjian regulate the core pathological process of SA to prevent miscarriage. At the same unit， Shoutaiwan is overall superior to Juyuanjian. Shoutaiwan is better than Juyuanjian in regulating angiogenesis and Juyuanjian is superior to Shoutaiwan in regulating cell adhesion. This conclusion can partly explain the biological basis of "treating the same disease with different methods"， and provide objective data reference for the identification of quality marker （Q-marker） of anti-miscarriage Chinese medicine and further study of formula-syndrome metabolome.

B cell linker (BLNK) is a key linker protein of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. BLNK participates in the regulation of PLC-γactivity and the activation of Ras pathway through its typical structure and interaction network with other proteins, and is thus widely involved in the regulation of B cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and signal transduction. Furthermore, it is closely related to anaphylactic diseases, multiple sclerosis, chromosomal aneuploidy, aneuglobulinemia, B lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma. Herein we review the structure and biological function of BLNK and its role in B cell-related diseases. BLNK can cooperate with a series of effective proteins to activate BCR signaling pathway, thereby regulating the development, maturation and function of B cells. The functional mutation of BLNK can destroy the homeostasis of B cells and affect the development and maturation of B cells, which leads to the occurrence of B cell related diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of BLNK not only provides insights into the pathogenesis of B cell-related diseases, but also inspires new ideas and helps to find breakthroughs for the treatment of these diseases with BLNK as the therapeutic target.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Mutation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ; chemistry ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Structure-Activity Relationship