Objective To investigate the effect of L-carnifine on the anemia of renal anemia and its effect on endothelin and left ventricular remodeling in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods 206 patients with uremia who underwent hemodialysis for more than 6 months from November 2010 to November 2014 were randomly divided into study group and control group (n =103),control group (n =103).Patients in the study group were treated with intravenous injection of levocarnitine injection on the basis of the control group.After 6 months of treatment,the clinical curative effect of the two groups was observed.Results After treatment,the levels of Hb and HCT were significantly increased,ET levels were significantly reduced,in which the change of patients in the study group was significantly better than the control group (P ＜ 0.05);LAD,LVDs and LVDd of the two groups were different (P ＜ 0.05).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion L-carnitine combined with erythropoietin in the treatment of renal hemodialysis patients with renal anemia can improve the therapeutic effect,reduce plasma endothelin levels,effectively improve or inhibit the occurrence and development of left ventricular remodeling,effective prevention of heart failure,The effect is remarkable,can promote the use.

Objective To investigate the preoperative biliary drainage on the effect of surgical treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients.Methods A total of 52 hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent resection operation in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2005 to December 2015 were divided into preoperative biliary drainage group (24 cases) and non-preoperative biliary drainage group (28 cases).To compare the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay,perioperative changes in liver function,and incidence of postoperative complications,tumor recurrence rate,1-,3-,and 5-year survival rate and some other indicators.The data was analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software.The patients of two groups were followed up by telephone,out-patient review and hospital examination.Patients were followed up for 8-60 monthes.Results The hospital stay for biliary drainage group was longer than that in non-preoperative biliary drainage group and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The differences of operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative tumor recurrence rate,postoperative complications (including bile leakage,blooding,fever,pleural effusion,abdominal infection,wound infection,pulmonary infection,liver failure and some others) and 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rate were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin and direct bilirubin in preoperative biliary drainage group before biliary drainage were(98.0 ± 51.7) U/L,(94.2 ± 44.2) U/L,(177.5 ± 64.1) μmol/L and (160.2 ± 61.9) μmol/L,respectively,and after biliary drainage were (71.2 ± 13.8) μmol/L,(60.0 ± 12.1) μmol/L,(93.5 ± 20.7) μmol/L and (76.3 ± 18.1) μmol/L,respectively.The differences of the above parameters before and after biliary drainage were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).However,the changes of albumin before and after biliary drainage were not significant (P ＞ 0.05).The follow-up patients of biliary drainage group were 21 cases and the follow-up patients of non-preoperative biliary drainage group were 25 cases.The differences of 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rate between the two groups were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Preoperative biliary drainage for hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients may improve the liver function to a certain extent.However,preoperative biliary drainage cannot improve the prognosis of the hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients.Therefore preoperative biliary drainage is not suggested for patients with good general conditions.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of retinal angioma. Methods The clinical data of 16 cases(20 eyes) were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients included 5 males and 11 females of 23.3 yeras old on average. Four cases in this series affected by bilateral retinal angiomas were identified as von Hippel-Lindou disease. The retinal angiomas were divided into 5 stages according to their degrees of developmnet from simple angiom without vessel dilation to feeder vessel dilation and intraretinal exudates, local retinal detachemnt, massive retinal detachment and complication occurrence in proper order. The methods of treatment were laser photocoagulation, trans-scleral cryotherapy and vitreoretinal surgery. The patinets were followed up for 37.8 months on average. Results There were 10 eyes(2 in stage 1, 7 in stage 2, 1 in stage 3)treated with laser photocoagulation, and all of the angiomas were controlled after the treatment. The visual acuity improved in 2 eyes, decreased in 4 eyes, and remained unchanged in 4 eyes. Cryotherapy was performed on 7 eyes(5 in stage 3, 2 in stage 4). The visual deteriortion was found in 5 eyes; and the state of illness was stable in 3 eyes in stage 3 and aggravating in 4 eyes (2 in stage 3, 2 in stage 4). Vitreoretinal surgery was performed on 4 eyes including 2 which had been gi ven photocoagulation, and the visual acuity improved in 2 eyes, decreased in 1 eye, and was unimproved in 1 eye. The visual acuity decreased to no light perception in an untreated eye after 1.5-year follow-up. New angiomas occurred in 3 eyes with Von-Hippel-Lindou disease in the follow-up period. Conclusion Laser photocoagulation is effective in treating the angiomas from stage 1 to 3. Cryotherapy can cause massive exudation and proliferation, and it is only suitable for a few patients in stage 3. The visual prognosis is more favorable in vitreoretinal surgery than other therapies for the patients in stage 4.

OBJECTIVE: To research the content of alkaloids and polysaccharides in different varieties of Aconitum carmichaeli. METHODS: The contents of total alkaloids, diester diterpenoid alkaloids and polysaccharides were measured by acid dye colorimetry, HPLC and sulphuric acid-anthrone colorimetric method respectively. RESULTS: In different varieties, the differences of total alkaloids and diester diterpenoid alkaloids were significant. However, the difference of polysaccharides wasn’t significant. The content of total alkaloids and diester diterpenoid alkaloids in processed A. carmichaeli reduced significantly while the content of polysaccharides increased slightly. CONCLUSION: The results of study could provide a scientific basis for rational breeding of A. carmichaeli.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features of 18 cases of juxtapapillary capillary hemangioma. Methods In 18 cases of juxtapapillary capillary hemangioma, the clinical data of 19 eyes, the results of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) of 16 eyes, and the follow-up observation of 7 eyes were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 18 cases, the sex ratio of male and female is 1∶2 with the average age of 28.9 years. Peripheral retinal angioma was found in 3 cases (4 eyes). In 19 eyes, the center of hemangioma was located beyond the rim of optic, most of which was in inferotemporal quadrant of the optic (7/19) with the size of 1-2.5 disc diameter (DD). Most of the tumors were red in color (12/19). In the result of FFA of 16 eyes, wash-out at the late phase was found in 13 eyes. Decreased acuity was found in all 7 cases that were followed up more than 12 months (including 5 cases treated by laser photocoagulation). Retinal detachment didn′t occur in 6 cases without exudative retinal detachment after being followed-up for 54.5 months of the average term. Conclusions Most of the juxtapapillary capillary hemangioma are orange or red oval tumors. The center of hemangioma are located beyond the rim of the optic. The patients often complain gradually decreased visual acuity when they are in prime of their life with exudation and edema in different degree around the tumor. FFA is helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this disease.

Purpose To investigate the expression and significance of MCM5 and p16INK4A in cervical carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1,CIN 2 ～ 3) with different degrees of HPV 16 infection.Method RT-PCR and immunohistochemistryof SABC method were used to detect the expression of mRNA and protein in HPV 16 infected normal cervix,CIN 1 tissue,CIN 2 ～3 tissue and cervical squamous cell carcinoma and analyzed the clinical significance.Result The expression of p16INK4A and MCM5 mRNA in cervical cancer tissues were significantly higher than that in normal tissues (x2 =-6.589,P ＜0.001,x2 =-4.349,P ＜0.001).The degree of cervical lesions increased gradually (x2 =57.141,P ＜ 0.001,x2 =47.628,P ＜0.01).Expression of mRNA MCM5 was correlated with pathological grade and clinical stage.Ⅰ a-Ⅰ b period was significantly lower than that of Ⅱ a-Ⅱ b (x2 =-4.93,P ＜0.01),the expression decreased with the decrease of pathological grade (x2 =-4.017,P ＜0.01).The expression of p16INK4A mRNA in cervical cancer decreased with the decrease of pathological grade (x2 =8.560,P ＜ 0.01).The most obvious expression of p16INK4A and p16INK4A mRNA in squamous cell carcinoma.Expression of MCM5 protein and p16INK4A protein in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was positively correlated (r =0.497).Conclusion There is high expression of MCM5 and p16INK4A in cervical carcinoma.MCM5 can be a better reaction of cervical malignant hyperplasia,and p16INK4A joint detection for the improvement of CIN classification and prognosis of the significance of the judgment.

Objective To explore the clinical value of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis (ICMVT). Methods Sonographic features of 175 patients with isolated calf muscular venous thrombosis were analyzed retrospectively and outcome of anticoagulant therapy in 1, 3, and 6 months was followed up. Diagnosis was established with high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound examination. Results One hundred and seventy-ifve patients presenting with 190 calf muscle vein thrombosis were included. One hundred and iffty-eight cases with 173 calf muscle vein thrombosis were diagnosed by high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound, 7 cases of misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis in 10 cases. The accuracy rate was 91.1%(173/190). Seven cases were misdiagnosed with 1 euroifbromatosis, 1 mixed hemangioma, 5 gastrocnemius hematoma. After diagnosis of ICMVT, all patients prescribed thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy. High-frequency color Doppler ultrasound for 1, 3, 6 months after treatments revealed partial or complete recanalization without calf deep vein thrombosis. Typical sonographic features included:calf muscle venous lumen dilation, tortuous anechoic lumen or hypoechoic iflling, with tubular or branched shape in the longitudinal view and oval or round shape in the transversal view. Conclusion High-frequency color Doppler ultrasound is an accurate and reliable method in the diagnosis of the isolated calf muscular venous thrombosis.

ObjectiveTo reduce the effective dose and maintain the image quality by adjusting the image processing parameters in the lumbar spine examinations.Methods This study investigated the influence of image processing parameters on image quality of Philips DR system by evaluating image quality of CDRAD 2.0 phantom.The parameters include detail contrast enhancement,noise compensation,unsharp masking and unsharp masking kernel.The entrance surface dose of phantom was measured by solidose meter.A synthetical parameters optimization project was proposed by analyzing the results of the investigation.This project was also testified by phantoms.ResultsImportant effects were the main effects of DCE,unsharp masking and kernel at the clinically used tube potential of 70 kVp( F =91.45,373.79,429.88,P ＜ 0.05).These effects indicated an increase of the 1QF about 20 units with increasing unsharp masking,while an increase of DCE and kernel led to decrease of IQF about 10 and 21 units.When the tube potential was increased to 85 kV,keeping the settings of the process parameters unchanged,the IQF increased.The results showed statically significant difference ( t =5.31,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionIt is possible to lower the effective dose to the patient by the use of a higher tube potential and maintain a good image quality,and it will have little influence on clinic diagnosis through the most optimal setting of the process parameters.

Objective To investigate the changes of body composition in the children with acute leukemia during different treatment stages.Methods From January 2009 to April 2010,56 children with acute leukemia hospitalized in Shanghai Children's Medical Center for chemotherapy were enrolled.Meanwhile,56 healthy children with matched age and sex were enrolled as the control group.The body compositions of children in the control group and the children with acute leukemia at the end of the first course of each treatment stages ware detected by segmental multiple-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.The distribution of body compositions was recorded asthe percentage of each body composition to the body weighL Results Among 56 children with acute leukemia,41were with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 15 with acute nonlymphoblasdc leukemia.Twenty-three cases were in remission-induction chemotherapy stage,15 in consolidation chemotherapy stage,and 18 in maintenance chemotherapy stage.Compared with children in the control group,children with acute leukemia showed a reduction in the percentage of intracellular fluid (P = 0.000), extracellular fluid (P - 0.005), protein (P = 0.000), mineral (P = 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.000), body cell mass (P = 0.000), and active cell mass (P = 0.000), while an increase in body fat mass [(26.2 ± 8.3)% vs.(20.3±3.8)%, P=0.000].The body weight (P = 0.001), the percentage of intracellular fluid (P = 0.005), protein (P = 0.004), body cell mass (P = 0.001), and active cell mass ( P = 0.020 ) in the children during remission-induction chemotherapy stage were significantly lower than those of the healthy children.However, the parameters of the consolidation chemotherapy stage were significantly lower than those of the control group, including the percentage of intracellular fluid (P = 0.000), extracellular fluid (P =0.000), protein (P = 0.000), mineral (P =0.001), body fat mass (P =0.000), non-fat mass (P = 0.000), skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.000), body cell mass (P = 0.000), and active cell mass (P = 0.000).Most body compositions in the maintenance chemotherapy stage were lower than those of the healthy children ( P < 0.05) except for body mass index (P = 0.127) and the percentage of extracellular fluid (P = 0.097).Conclusions Body compositions remarkably change in children with acute leukemia after chemotherapy.Therefore, the nutritional status of children with acute leukemia should be closely monitored, and proper nutritional support should be provided when necessary to improve the prognosis.

TcdA and B toxins secreted by Clostridium difficile( CD) are two important causes of diseases in organisms. The expression of tcdA and tcdB genes is regulated by a few factors located in the pathogenicity locus ( PaLoc) .Studies have indicated that the tcdC gene is likely to act as a negative regulator of toxin gene expression.So far, it has been debatable whether tcdC gene is regarded as a negative regulator.The mechanism of tcdC gene in pathogenesis remains unclear.In this paper, the structure and function of the tcdC gene are summarized, which will help study the mechanism of tcdC gene and obtain optimal drug targets.