AIM: To investigate the role of Smad7 in the Smad2 expression induced by transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF-?_1) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells(PMCs).METHODS: Rat PMCs were cultured at different doses of TGF-?_1 (0,1.25,2.5,10 ?g/L) for different time(0,5,15,30,60,120 min).PCDNA3-Smad7 was then transfected into cultured rat PMCs by lipofectamine,and the cells were stimulated like the above.Endogenous Smad2 and Smad7 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS: TGF-?_1 induced increase in Smad2 mRNA and protein expression at 5 min,peaked at 30 min,and declined to baseline levels at 120 min, which was in a time-dependent manner.TGF-?_1 also induced Smad7 mRNA expression at 5 min,and then declined,down to the lowest at 30 min,but at 60 min it increased again.Smad2,Smad7 mRNA and protein expression induced by TGF-?_1 were also dose-dependent.After transfection,overexpressions of Smad7 mRNA and protein in rat PMCs were observed,which did not decline with time.The expression of Smad2 mRNA significantly decreased by 33%,56%,67%,71%,63% and 57%(P

Objective To develop a method for simultaneous determination of three hydrophilic components and two lipophilic components in Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae. Methods The RP-HPLC method was performed by using a Welchrom C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with a mobile phase of acetonitrile (A)-0.1%phosphoric acid(B). The gradient elution program was as follows:0-15 min,10%→12%A;-35 min,12%→20%A;-45 min,20%→60%A;-65 min,60%→65%A;-80 min,65%→80%A;-90 min,10%A. The flow rate was kept at 1.0 mL?min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃ . Results A good linearity was obtained over 0.059 5-2.380 0 μg for tanshinol, 0.346 0-13. 840 0 μg for rosmarinic acid, 0. 656 0 - 26. 240 0 μg for salviamolic acid B, 0. 420 0 - 16.800 0 μg for cryptotanshinone and 0.414 0- 16.560 0 μg for tanshinoneIIA, respectively ( r = 0.999 9). The average recovery rates were between 98.69%-100.91% with RSD less than 1.2%(n = 6). Conclusion The method is rapid, accurate, credible and repeatable, and can provide basis for the quality control of Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhiza.

Objective To evaluate the occurrence rate and agents of the bacterial contamination of bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) .Methods In a prospective study ,50 patients (100 eyes) underwent PRK .Conjunctival sac se‐creta were placed onto chocolate agar before PRK .All patients accepted bandage contact lenses and anti‐inflammatory drug therapy . Contact lenses and conjunctival sac secreta were placed onto chocolate agar after PRK .Corrected visual acuity ,intraocular pressure and corneal thickness were compared in the 2 groups .Results Among 100 pieces of cornea contact lens ,3 pieces (3% ) were tested positive for bacteria detection and bacteria were staphylococcus epidermis .All conjunctival sac secreta of preoperative and postoper‐ative were not detected bacteria ,postoperative eye infection was not found .Between the positive and negative groups ,tear secretion , may be related to cultivate positive correlation .Conclusion Bacterial contamination is possible when using bandage contact lenses after PRK ,specially for patients with less tear secretion .

Aim To study the effects of ginsenoside-Ro on cell proliferation and cytokine production in murine splenocytes. Methods The effect of ginsenoside-Ro on murine splenocytes proliferation was studied using [3 H] thymidine incorporation assay. Effects of ginsenoside-Ro on the production of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) from murine splenocytes were detected by ELISA method. Effects of ginsenoside-Ro on mRNA level of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ and Th2cytokine IL-4 were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.Results Ginsenoside-Ro showed no mitogenic effect on unstimulated murine splenocytes. It enhanced the proliferation of Con A-induced murine splenocytes and the production of IL-2 at concentrations of 1 - 10decreased the production and expression of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in Con A-induced murine splenocytes at regulating the production and expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in murine splenocytes.

Cyclosporine A( CsA) , as an immune inhibitor, is commonly used after organ transplantation.It has been found that the long-term use of CsA produced serious testicular toxicity and affected the fertility of organ transplantation patients.In order to investigate male reproductive damage induced by CsA, this article reviews its impact on reproductive organ development, its damage mechanism on the male reproductive system and drug research for alleviating its reproductive toxicity.It helps to make medical workers pay more attention to reproductive toxicity produced by CsA and make their efforts to develop some special drugs to lessen CsA reproductive toxicity.

AIM: To investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products on activation of Smad signaling pathway and collagenⅠ synthesis in proximal tubular epithelial cells.METHODS: Advanced glycation end products(AGE-BSA) were prepared by incubation of bovine serum albumin(BSA) with D-glucose.Normal rat proximal tubular epithelial(NRK52E) cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with AGE-BSA.Phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 were examined by immunocytochemistry.Levels of TGF-?_1 in supernatant of cell culture were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Expression of TGF-?_1,Smad2,Smad3 and Smad7 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.Expression of ?-SMA,E-cadherin and collagenⅠproteins were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: AGE-BSA induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation,two peaks occured at 30 min(68% vs 16%,P

Objective Experimental model of experimental autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG) were established to explore the effect of Zini-Huangqi-Gegen decoction and Peiyuan-Guben powder on EAMG rats model.Methods Experimental animals were randomly divided into the control group (n=10) and the model group (n=30).The model rats were induced by murine AChR-α97-116 peptide immunostaining for EAMG rats model.After the first immunization,the general condictions and body weight of rats were observed,and the Lennon score was used to evaluate the rats.The second immunization was performed on the 1 1th day after the first immunization.On the 15th day after the first immunization,the rats were randomly divided into the model group(n=8),Huangqi-Gegen decoction and Peiyuan-Guben powder group (abbreviated Huangpei group,n=8) and Prednisone group (n=8) according to the Lennon score.Huangpi group rats were treated with Huangqi-Gegen decoction (21.5 g/kg) combined with Peiyuan-Guben powder (0.8 g/kg),prednisone group with 0.005 4 g/kg prednisone aqueous solution,the control group and the model group oral volume of distilled water.The rats were administered with a body weight of 10 ml/kg once a day for a total of 56 days.At the 70th day after the first immunization,serum was extracted from the rats.The Anti-AChR-α97-116 IgG and its subtype in serum were detected by ELISA.The IL-4,IL-10,IL-17 in serum were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the model group,the weight of the rats in the Huangpei group and the prednisone group significantly increased after the 28th day of the first immunization (P＜0.05).After the 36nd day of the first immunization,the Lennon score of the Huangpei group significantly decreased (P＜0.05).At the end of the administration,the amplitude of EMG amplitude attenuation (41.83％ ± 7.45％ vs.67.76％ ± 4.32％) in the Huangpei group significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the serum IgG (1.15 ± 0.07 vs.1.24 ± 0.08),IgG1 (0.17 ± 0.01 vs.0.25 ± 0.03),IL-4 (16.54 ± 1.66 pg/ml vs.25.64 ± 1.74 pg/ml),IL-10 (113.65 ± 12.87 pg/ml vs.121.54 ± 10.44 pg/ml),IL-17 (43.58 ± 3.54 pg/ml vs.65.76 ± 3.59 pg/ml) in the rat serum significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusions Huangqi-Gegen decoction and Peiyuan-Guben powder can increase the body weight of rats,decrease the concentration of AChR-Ab in serum,the concentrations of IL-4,IL-10 and IL-17 in serum,and effectively improve the symptoms of EAMG rats.

Objective:To observe alterations in center retinal thickness (CRT) in patients diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) before and after undergoing superselective arterial thrombolysis (IAT) treatment.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From August 2022 to September 2023, 12 patients (12 eyes) diagnosed with CRAO and treated with IAT at the ophthalmology department of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital. Among these patients, there were 8 males (8 eyes) and 4 females (4 eyes), all experiencing unilateral onset. The mean age was (47.00±15.06) years. The mean duration from onset to thrombolysis was (30.00±30.42) h. All eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessments; additionally, 6 eyes underwent Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA). BCVA assessments were conducted using a standard logarithmic chart and transformed into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) values for statistical analysis. The OCT measured CRT at various locations around the macular fovea (M), including upper (S1, S3), lower (I1, I3), nasal (N1, N3), and temporal (T1, T3) areas at 1 mm and 3 mm distances from the fovea. CRT was defined as the vertical distance between the inner retinal boundary membrane and the inner interface of the retinal pigment epithelial layer. Pre- and post-IAT examinations were performed using the same equipment and methodologies within a 24-hour interval. Changes in CRT at different macular points were compared and observed, while arterial imaging time changes were assessed in 6 eyes that underwent FFA. Paired t-tests were utilized to analyze logMAR BCVA, CRT at different locations, and arterial imaging time pre- and post-treatment. Results:Prior to IAT treatment, the logMAR BCVA for the affected eye was 3.48±1.42, while the arterial imaging time for the 6 eyes undergoing FFA examination was (27.50±5.47) s. After 24 hours, the logMAR BCVA had improved to 2.35±1.59 for the affected eye, with 9 eyes showing varying degrees of BCVA improvement. The arterial imaging time was (24.17±7.28) s post-treatment. The differences in logMAR BCVA and arterial imaging time before and after treatment were found to be statistically significant ( t=2.489, 3.262; P<0.05). Additionally, the comparison of CRT at S3 ( t=2.871), I1 ( t=2.325), and T3 ( t=3.446) before and after treatment yielded statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Conversely, the comparison of CRT at S1 ( t=1.879), I3 ( t=1.915), N1 ( t=2.001), N3 ( t=1.987), T1 ( t=2.180), and M ( t=-0.490) showed no statistically significant differences ( P>0.05). Conclusions:IAT treatment for CRAO has been shown to be effective in achieving therapeutic effects by reducing CRT in the macular area. However, the short-term improvement in retinal edema in the macular area is limited.

Endometrial cancer is a common malignancy of the female reproductive system. Despite improvement in living standards, the incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing due to the lack of effective screening. Early detection of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions can significantly improve prognosis and survival. At present, China lacks a method for screening endometrial lesions comparable to that for cervical cancer screening. A recently introduced endometrial sampler has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and minimal trauma, and is gradually being accepted for clinical screening of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions in other countries.This study aims to explore current screening methods for endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions and the clinical application of an endometrial sampler for screening.

Objective:To comprehensively investigate the epidemic scope, geographic features and threatened population of tea drinking type endemic fluorosis in Gansu Province.Methods:From June 2019 to December 2020, according to the "2019 Investigation Plan on the Epidemic Situation of Tea Drinking Type Endemic Fluorosis" and the relevant information about the living habits of residents in cities (prefectures) in Gansu Province, 12 counties (cities) in 4 cities (prefectures) of Gannan, Wuwei, Jiuquan and Zhangye, which had the habit of drinking border-sale tea, were selected as the survey sites. The survey contents included temperature, altitude, the number of townships (towns), the number of administrative villages (residents' committees, referred to as villages), the total population under its jurisdiction, ethnic composition, production methods, drinking condition of border-sale tea, fluoride content of tea, etc. The fluoride content of tea was tested according to "The Fluoride Content of Brick Tea" (GB 19965-2005), and the evaluation of whether the fluoride content exceeded the standard (> 300 mg/kg) was carried out.Results:The annual average temperature of the survey sites ranged from 0.2 to 12.7 ℃, except for Zhouqu County, the annual average temperature of the other 11 counties (cities) was < 10 °C; the average altitude ranged from 1 200 to 4 874 m, and there were 6 counties (Maqu, Tianzhu, Subei, Sunan, Aksay and Luqu) with an altitude > 3 000 m. The total population of the 12 counties (cities) was 1 051 843, of which 492 597 (46.83%) were ethnic minorities who had the habit of drinking border-sale tea; among them, there were 474 620 Tibetans, 10 152 Yugurs, 4 660 Mongolians and 3 165 Kazaks. In 860 villages of 125 townships (towns), a survey was conducted on drinking condition of border-sale tea, and the survey rate was 79.48% (860/1 082); the drinking border-sale tea rates of villages and families were 57.67% (496/860) and 42.41% (3 658/8 625), respectively. From the perspective of production methods, the drinking border-sale tea rates of villages and families in the pastoral counties such as Aksay, Subei, Maqu, Luqu and Sunan, as well as in the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral county of Tianzhu, were all > 95%. A total of 3 664 tea samples were tested, with an average fluoride content of 481.33 mg/kg. There were 2 588 tea samples with a fluoride content > 300 mg/kg, accounting for 70.63% (2 588/3 664).Conclusions:There are still a large number of populations who drink border-sale tea in Gansu Province, mainly distributes in the low-temperature and high-altitude pastoral counties such as Aksay, Subei, Maqu, Luqu and Sunan. The ethnic group most threatened by tea drinking type endemic fluorosis is Tibetans.