Definitive treatment of lung cancer with radiotherapy is challenging, as respiratory motion and anatomical changes can increase the risk of severe off-target effects during radiotherapy. Online adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is an evolving approach that enables timely modification of a treatment plan during the interfraction of radiotherapy, in response to physiologic or anatomic variations, aiming to improve the dose distribution for precise targeting and delivery in lung cancer patients. The effectiveness of online ART depends on the seamless integration of multiple components: sufficient quality of linear accelerator-integrated imaging guidance, deformable image registration, automatic recontouring, and efficient quality assurance and workflow. This review summarizes the present status of online ART for lung cancer, including key technologies, as well as the challenges and areas of active research in this field.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods*

Objective:To construct and validate a predictive model of fecal/urinary incontinence among older adults in China.Methods:Data was obtained from the Seventh Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018.In the questionnaire, "Are you able to control your bowel and urine" , was regarded as the main effect indicator.Receiver operating curves(ROC)were used to find the best cut-off values of calf circumference for predicting fecal/urinary incontinence, and univariate Logistic model method was used to explore the potential factors associated with fecal/urinary incontinence among community-living older adults in China.A random sampling method was used to extract 70% of the survey data as the training set, and the remaining 30% of the survey data as the test set.A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted in the training set to build a prediction model that encompassed all predictors, and a nomogram was plotted.Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that age, small calf circumference(male <28.5 cm, female <26.5 cm), inability to walk 1 km continuously, inability to lift 5 kg items, inability to do three consecutive squats, limited daily activities, and a history of urinary system disorders, nervous system disorders, and cerebrovascular disorders were all risk factors for fecal/urinary incontinence for older adults in China.Female, better socioeconomic status, and normal body mass index were protective factors for fecal/urinary incontinence.The Logistic regression model for predicting fecal/urinary incontinence among Chinese older adults was constructed using the above twelve factors.The consistency index(C-index)value of the model was 0.907, indicating that the model had good predictive ability.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of the overall sample, training set and test set were 0.906(95% CI: 0.896-0.917), 0.907(95 % CI: 0.894-0.921)and 0.910(95% CI: 0.892-0.928), respectively, indicating that the model had high prediction ability and good discrimination. Conclusions:Age, sex, calf circumference, ability to walk 1 km continuously, ability to lift 5 kg items, ability to do three consecutive squats, daily activities, history of urinary system disorders, nervous system disorders and cerebrovascular disorders, socioeconomic status, and body mass index were independent predictors for fecal/urinary incontinence among older adults in China.The nomogram based on the above indicators has a good predictive effect on fecal/urinary incontinence for older adults.

Glycolytic metabolism enzymes have been implicated in the immunometabolism field through changes in metabolic status. PGK1 is a catalytic enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Here, we set up a high-throughput screen platform to identify PGK1 inhibitors. DC-PGKI is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PGK1 with an affinity of K _d = 99.08 nmol/L. DC-PGKI stabilizes PGK1 in vitro and in vivo, and suppresses both glycolytic activity and the kinase function of PGK1. In addition, DC-PGKI unveils that PGK1 regulates production of IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Mechanistically, inhibition of PGK1 with DC-PGKI results in NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2, NFE2L2) accumulation, then NRF2 translocates to the nucleus and binds to the proximity region of Il-1β and Il-6 genes, and inhibits LPS-induced expression of these genes. DC-PGKI ameliorates colitis in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. These data support PGK1 as a regulator of macrophages and suggest potential utility of PGK1 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship between rs11191548 gene locus polymorphism in CYP17A1 gene and essential hypertension.Methods A total of 143 patients with essential hypertension and 199 healthy subjects were selected.TaqMan probe was used to analyze the genotype of rs11191548 gene locus in CYP17A1 gene and their correlation was analyzed.Stepwise Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of acquired factors on hypertension.Results There was significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency distribution between the two groups(P<0.05).TT and CT genotype had higher risk for diseases compared with CC genotype,the CC genotype of the risk of hypertension was 0.370 times with the TT genotype,and individuals carrying the T allele were 1.776 times the risk of hypertension with C allele.Fasting blood glucose,triglycerides,and older people were more likely to have a higher risk of hypertension.Conclusion The rs11191548 polymorphism of CYP17A1 gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of essential hypertension,and the individuals with TT genotype and T allele may be at increased risk of developing hypertension.Acquired factors have a significant impact on the incidence of hypertension.

Objective To investigate the relationship between rs11191548 gene locus polymorphism in CYP17A1 gene and essential hypertension.Methods A total of 143 patients with essential hypertension and 199 healthy subjects were selected.TaqMan probe was used to analyze the genotype of rs11191548 gene locus in CYP17A1 gene and their correlation was analyzed.Stepwise Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of acquired factors on hypertension.Results There was significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency distribution between the two groups(P<0.05).TT and CT genotype had higher risk for diseases compared with CC genotype,the CC genotype of the risk of hypertension was 0.370 times with the TT genotype,and individuals carrying the T allele were 1.776 times the risk of hypertension with C allele.Fasting blood glucose,triglycerides,and older people were more likely to have a higher risk of hypertension.Conclusion The rs11191548 polymorphism of CYP17A1 gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of essential hypertension,and the individuals with TT genotype and T allele may be at increased risk of developing hypertension.Acquired factors have a significant impact on the incidence of hypertension.

Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the associations between uric acid,lipid and carotid atherosclerosis in the hypertension patients.Methods Eighty participants with essential hypertension were enrolled to undergo by uhrasonography to calculate intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid artery plaques,each participants were detected UA,serum lipids.Results Multiple regression analysis revealed the UA,TG,LDLC was significantly independently associated with IMT (P＜0.01) in non-plaques participants.UA,LDL-C in the group of carotid atherosclerotic were significantly higer than the group of the normal I MT.Condusion UA,TG,LDL-C were found to be an independent risk factor for incidence of carotid atherosclerosis.

Mac-1,an adhesion molecule expressed on the surface of leukocytes,plays an important role in host-defence function and immunological response.It consists of two noncovalently linked polypeptides known as ?(CD11b) and ?(CD18) subunits.It contains two important domains known as I-domain which recognizes protein ligands and the lectin domain which recognizes polysaccharides.Mac-1 is expressed on nearly all neutrophils,monocytes,eosinophils and NK cells,but less on B cells,T cells and macrophages.Mac-1 functions as both an adhesion molecule for ICAM-1 expressed by stimulated endothelium mediating the diapedesis of leukocytes across the endothelium and a receptor for the iC3b fragment of complement responsible for cytotoxicity to microorganisms or target cells opsonized with iC3b.It can also form a complex with many membrane glycoproteins,functioning as a signal transducing partner for them.An important finding was that soluble ?-glucan could bind to Mac-1 and prime the receptor for cytotoxic function in response to iC3b-opsonized tumors,thus may pave the way for development of ?-glucan-like drugs that could generate Mac-1-dependent cytotoxicity following a humoral response to tumor antigens elicited by vaccines that would cause tumors to be opsonized with Abs and iC3b in cancer immunotherapy.