Objective To discuss the mechanism and prevention of bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods Twenty-six cases with bile duct injuries in this study were evaluated retrospectively regarding their location, mechanism, time of detection, repairment and outcome, and the role of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) in preventing bile duct injury. Results Among a total of 26 cases there are duct injury due to misidentification 15 cases,( IOC detected the misidentification of bile duct injuries intraoperatively 10 cases, clipping the common duct 3 cases, duct thermal injuries 4 cases and duct lacerations 4 cases, Conclusion Duct injury due to misidentification was the main type of bile duct injury in LC, Correct interpretation of IOC will detect the duct injury intraoperatively and prevent the severe consequence. Meticulous dissection and exposure of the junction of distal common hepatic duct, proximal common bile duct, and proximal cystic duct, and safe hemostasis in Calot triangle are the important measures to prevent bile duct injury in LC.

This article introduces the experience of CHEN Ying-yi, chief physician and one of the teacher of the fourth group of inheriting academic experience of veteran TCM experts of China, in treating perimenopausal women’s dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Chen holds that the basic pathogenesis of perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding is kidney deficiency with fever or stagnation. Treatment should focus on replenishing kidney and using the traditional Chinese drug by stages. The methods of stopping bleeding, clearing origin and reinstating the status quo are used flexibly. In clinic, it should grasp the key points of syndrome differentiation, and modify the therapy in accordance with the symptoms. Validated by clinical application, Chen’s experience has satisfactory curative effect and reference values for the treatment of perimenopausal women’s dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

ObjectiveTo establish early diagnosis of vascular complications following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).MethodsThe surveillance and diagnosis making of vascular complications in 53 cases of OLT patients from April 1990 to June 2000 were carried out by color Doppler imaging (CDI), selective-angiography and analyzing relevant clinical features.ResultsThe incidence of vascular complication after OLT is 15%(8/53) including 3 cases of hepatic artery thrombosis, 2 of hepatic artery stenosis, 1 of celiac artery stenosis, and 2 of inferior vena cava stenosis. Diagnosis was confirmed by selective angiography in 7 cases and by autopsy in one. The sensitivity and specificity of CDI were 100%(8/8) and 98% (45/46) respectively. Conclusions Clinical feature of vascular complications following OLT lacks specificity. Continuous monitoring using CDI is a sensitive and specific method in the detection and diagnosis of vascular complications.Duration of surveillance should be no less than 2 months.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of interleukin-6 antisense oligonucleotide liposomes on the experimental animals for prevention of after cataract. Methods:Thirty healthy New-Zealand rabbits(30 left eyes) received extracapsular lens extraction,and were randomly divided into 3 groups: anterior chamber injection of 0.1ml of interleukin-6 antisense oligonucleotide liposomes(Group A),blank liposomes(Group B) after operation respectively;and control group(Group C).All left eyes were examined by slit-lamp microscope and ophthalmoscope regularly.The aqueous humor IL-6 concentrations were measured 1 day before operation,and 1 day,3 days,7 days,14 days and 30 days after operation through enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay.Three months later,photographs of the posterior lens capsules were taken through digital slit-lamp microscope and the histopathological changes of posterior lens capsules were observed by light microscope. Results:①Three months after the operation,the number of eyes developing posterior capsule opacification in Group A,B and C were 7,10 and 10 respectively,with significant difference(P=0.037).② The average value of Group A was lower than Group B and C,with statistically significant difference(P

Objective To explore the feasibility and indications of T tube free laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods The therapeutic results of LCBDE in 175 cases were reviewed retrospectively regarding the cure rate, complications, and postoperative hospital stay. Results LCBDE was performed successfully in 169 cases. Laparoscopic stone removal was failed in 6 out of the 175 cases. Two were converted to open exploration, the remaining 4 cases received intraoperative EST, the procedure failed in one case and it was converted to open surgery. T tube free LCBDE was performed successfully in 104 cases, in 36 out of the 104 cases laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration was successful, the mean operation time was 140 minutes and the mean hospital stay after operation was 2 days; in other 68 cases laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary duct closure was performed, the mean operation time was 135 minutes and the mean hospital stay after operation was 3 days. T tubes were placed in 65 cases, the mean operation time for those patients was 150 minutes and the mean hospital stay after operation was 4 days, the mean T tube drainage time was 38 days. Retained stone was found in one out of the 65 cases, and was removed by EST. Bile leakage after removal of T tube developed in one case, and was cured by conservative therapy. No mortality nor complications such as bleeding or bile leakage occurred in remaining cases, asymptomatic hyperamylasia was found in 4 cases postoperatively. No stone recurrence or duct stricture were found at a mean follow-up of 13 months. Conclusions T tube free LCBDE as an alternative to the treatment of CBD stones is safe and feasible, with shorter hospitalization and avoiding the potential complications related to the T tube placement.

Objective To evaluate multiple instrument guide (MIG) in the use of laparoscopic choledochotomy (LCD). Methods The common bile duct (CBD) exploration time,surgical outcome,complications and damage of choledochoscope with or without MIG were compared retrospectively. Results MIG assisted LCD was performed successfully in all 25 cases,no complication such as bleeding,bile leakage or retained stones happened. CBD exploration time were 30 minutes,the mean number of removed stones was 6,no damage of choledochoscope was encountered. In 38 cases receiving traditional LCD,an average 5 pieces of stone were removed,the duct exploration time was 60 minutes. Two cases were complicated with hyperamylasia,stones were retained in one case. Choledochoscope was damaged in 6 times. Conclusions MIG facilitates LCD procedure,shortens operative time,and protects choledochoscope.

OBJECTIVE:TO evaluate the economic effectiveness of the8medication schemes for preventing postoperation infections of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.METHODS:The principle of pharmacoeconomics was adopted in the cost-effec-tiveness analysis of8medication schemes,ampicillin+amikacin+metroidazole(A),ampicloxacillin+metroidazole(B),lev-ofloxacin+metroidazole(C),cefoperazone/sulbactam+metroidazole(D),ceftazidime+metroidazole(E),piperacillin/tazobac-tam+metroidazole(F),ceftriaxone+metroidazole(G),cefotaxim/sulbactam+metroidazole(H).RESULTS:The costs for A,B,C,D,E,F,G and H schemes were72.75,497.75,339.75,392.75,1213.95,931.75,315.75and1409.75yuan respec-tively,with scheme A the lowest in cost;No significant differences were found in effectiveness among the8schemes.CON-CLUSION:Scheme A is superior to the others.

Background and purpose:KIT mutation plays an important role during the pathogenesis of melanoma. This study was designed to investigate the mutation status ofKIT in different subtypes of melanoma. Methods:A total number of 144 cases of melanoma were analyzed forKIT mutation (exon 9, 11, 13 and 17) by DNA sequencing using paraffin-embedded tissues.Results:The total incidence ofKIT mutation in melanoma was 9.0% (13/144).KIT mutations in acral melanoma, mucosal melanoma, melanoma on skin with chronic sun-induced damage (CSD) and melanoma on skin without chronic sun-induced damage (non-CSD) was 7.7% (4/52), 20% (7/35), 14.3% (1/7) and 2.8% (1/36), respectively. Among 13 cases withKIT mutation, 1 mutation lay in exon 9, 9 lay in exon 11 and 3 in exon 13. L576P in exon 11 was the most common type of mutation.Conclusion:The most prevalent type ofKIT mutation in patients lies in exon 11.KIT mutation could be the potential drug target in melanoma therapy.

A method for determination of 6 plant growth regulators by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( HPLC-MS/MS ) coupled with isotope-coded derivatization was developed. d0-10-Methyl-acridone-2-sulfonyl piperazine ( d0-MASPz, light form) and d3-10-methyl-acridone-2-sulfonyl piperazine ( d3-MASPz, heavy form ) were prepared as isotope-coded derivatization reagents for carboxyl compound. The carboxyl plant growth regulator standards and real samples were derivatized by d0-MASPz and d3-MASPz, respectively. The obtained solutions were mixed at a certain ratio, and then injected for HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The light and heavy derivatives were monitored with transitions of [M+H]+m/z 208. 2 and [M+H]+ m/z 211. 2,respectively. With heavy derivative as internal standard for corresponding light derivative, the global isotope internal standard quantification for 6 plant growth regulators was achieved. The results indicated that the proposed isotope-coded derivatization method could provide relative quantitative data with adequate linearity in a 10-fold dynamic range ( R=0 . 9991 ) . The detection and quantitation limits were 0. 19-0. 34 μmol/L and 0. 53-0. 96 μmol/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were ≤3 . 8%, and the accuracies ranged from 97 . 5% to 103 . 8%.