Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a critical role in embryonic development period,which regulates cell proliferation and differentiation,and coordinates the key step of organs' development process such as skin,brain,neural tube,bowels,appendage and lung.In the adult stage,Hh signaling regulates proliferation of stem cells.At this time,Hh signaling is strictly controlled by time and space.In recent years,studies have shown aberrant activation of the Hh pathway is closely related to various types of malignancies,and would be a new therapeutic target of tumor treatment.This paper will review the characteristic of Hh signaling pathway and its research status in lung cancer.

Objective: To establish the assay of berberine hydrochloride for Sanhuang Tablets (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Extractum Scutellariae and berberine hydrochloride). Methods:The HPLC with a KF C 18 column (250mm?4.6mm,10?m) was used. Acetonitrile-0.05 mol?L -1 triethylamine buffer solution (adjusted pH to 3.0 with conc. H 3PO 4) (35∶65) was used as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0mL?min -1 , and the detection wavelength was at 347nm. Results: The method has a good linear dependuce. The average recovery of loading sample was 98.21% with RSD 1.01%. ( n =9). Conclusion: The method is convenient for a good resolution and can be used for the quality control of Sanhuang Tablets.

The medical development in the 21th century will present a very societal and synthetical trend. The medical education in 21th century is sure to comply with the needs of medical development.We must change idea, regulate education content, expand education intension and renew education goal to train high-quality medicine personnel with comprehensive ability.

Chemotherapy has been the cornerstone of cancer treatment for decades. However, albeit remarkable, the response to chemotherapy is generally short-lived. With deepened understanding of cancer immunology, resurgence was recently witnessed in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Unlike chemotherapy, immunotherapy induces a relatively mild but stable response. Accumulating evi-dence reveals that apart from chemotherapy's direct cytotoxic activity, chemotherapy exerts immune-potentiating effects by increas-ing the immunogenicity of tumor cells or by disrupting the tumor-induced immunosuppression and altering the immune microenviron-ment. The latter mechanism serves as the basis for the combined use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we exam-ine the rationale for combinatorial therapy in accordance with the current understanding on tumor immunity and newly discovered im-mune-based chemotherapeutic mechanisms. We further discuss the available preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. We aim to provide a framework for further research.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of ubiquitin-like with PHD and ringfinger domains 1(UHRF1) in benign and malignant pleural effusion.Methods From November,2015 to February,2017,130 cases of pleural effusion were collected in Jiangning hospital of Nanjing,including 54 cases of malignant pleural effusion caused by lung cancer and 76 cases of lung benign pleural effusion.And the latter contained 36 cases of tuberculous pleural effusion and 40 cases of inflammatory pleural effusion.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the level of UHRF1 in each group,and the relationship between UHRF1 and clinical pathology was analyzed.Results The level of UHRF1 437.28± 140.05 ng/L in patients with lung cancer was higher than that 338.47± 163.72 ng/L in patients with benign lung diseases,and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.596,P=0.0005).The level of UHRF1 470.59 ± 127.74 ng/L in patients with non-adenocarcinoma was higher than that 377.78± 145.81 ng/L in patients with adenocarcinoma,and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.329,P=0.023).In group with benign lesion,there were no sig nificant differences (t =1.374,P =0.174) between the level of U HRF1 365.51 ± 167.54 ng/L in tuberculous pleura l effusion and the level of UHRF1 314.13± 158.34 ng/L in inflammatory pleural effusion.And the level of UHRF1 in benign and ma lignant pleural effusion was not related to age,sexuality and smoking history.Conclusion UHRF1 is a potential marker in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural effusion.

As the doctor - patient relation becomes more and more strained, the former study on the relation between these two parts, done only from the perspective of medical ethics, has been found far from enough. Many -sided factors, in fact, contribute to it. The government reduces investment into medical field; the medical insurance coverage shrinks; welfare sense in state - run medical organizations decreases; doctors focus on medical procedures, ignore humane care to patients; the cost for treatment is increasing and the sense of self - protection of the patients is growing and so on. Therefore, it is of critical importance to study the relation from multi -perspective for the reconstruction of harmonious doctor - patient relation in the future.

With the development of science and technology,especially the development of medical technology,human beings have an increasing power in controlling their life and their reproduction.As a means of self intervention,reproductive technology on the one hand can solve some infertility problems and achieve the objective of aristogenesis,but on the other hand has also brought relevant problems related to rights,obligations, ethics,family and social issues.How do we weigh these complicated problems in the intersection of ethics and science.'? This paper aims to find a balancing point through relevant discussions and consultations to achieve the common development of science and ethics.

Objective To study the risk factors of the complications of laparoscopic gynecologic operation,and put forward the basis for the prevention and control of complications. Methods The related factors of complications in 112 patients in our hospital from June 2011 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 26 patients with complications,the incidence rate was 23. 2%,of which 5 cases with subcutaneous emphysema,5 cases with massive hemorrhage,8 cases with postoperative infection,4 cases with deep venous throm-bosis of the lower extremity,1 cases with pleural effusion,1 cases with intestinal injury,2 cases with intestinal obstruction. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis showed that the type of surgery, work experience of doctors,previous abdominal surgery,history of endometriosis were an independent risk factor for complications of laparoscopic surgery (P<0. 05). Conclusion Excessive blood loss and postoperative infection in laparoscopic gynecologic operation are the most common,patients with a history of endometriosis and abdominal operation are more likely to get complications. And the higher level the operation is,or less experience the surgeon has,the more risk to happen complication.

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Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of children with paragonimus pericarditis.Methods:The diagnosis and treatment effect of 43 children with paragonimus pericarditis were retrospectively analysed.Results:There was diversity in the clicinal manifestations.Thirty-four cases were treated with praziquantel,pericardiocentesis,open pericardial drainage and so on.In 30 cases that were followed up,26 cases were cured and 4 cases developed pericardial constriction.Four cases with constrictive pericarditis were cured after pericardiectomy.Conclusion:The children with paragonimus pericarditis could be diagnosed early by careful asking of the case history of eating crabs,routine examination of the numbers of the acidophile in blood and pericardial effusion and paragonimus antigen intracutaneous test.It is possible to develop pericardial constriction after clinical cure in those cases that have had a long course of disease before treatment.