Objective To study the polysomnography(PSG) indexes which can reflex the severity of anoxia in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) more comprehensively. Methods Sixtythree OSAHS patients' PSG indexes, including the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), apnea time/total sleeping time (AM), hypoventilation time/total sleeping time (HM), mean oxygen saturation (MSaO2),the lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) and the longest apnea time (LAT) were analyzed retrospectively. Results In patients with OSAHS,the AHI was positively correlated with AM, HM and LAT(P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ), and was negatively correlated with MSaO2 and LSaO2(P ＜ 0.01 ). The AHI had linear regression relationship with AM,HM and LSaO2 (F =202.264,P ＜0.01). Conclusions Among the PSG indexes,AM is intimately associated with AHI. Therefore,compared with LSaO2,AM and HM can reflex the severity of anoxia in patients with OSAHS more accurately.

Objective To study the sex hormone levels and erectile dysfunction(ED)in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and to investigate the relationship between them.To assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)in the treatment of ED with OSAHS.Methods The 46 OSAHS patients(OSAHS group)and 30 healthy voluntrers(control group)were recruited in the study.The states of ED were evaluated by 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF-5)and the levels of serum sex hormone were tested by chemiluminescence immune assay in both group.Erectile function were reassessed and the levels of FSH,LH,T were retested in 22 ED with OSAHS patients after 3 months of CPAP treatment.Results Compared to the control group,the levels of serum FSH[(9.65?1.08)U/L vs(10.90?1.12)U/L],LH[(9.97?0.98)U/L vs(11.98?1.52)U/L]and T[(8.96?0.89)nmol/L vs(10.67?1.01)nmol/L]were significantly decreased in patients with OSAHS(all P

Objective To study the changes of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (ha-CRP) and depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS),and investigate the relationship between them.Methods Thirty healthy volunteers (control group) and 54 OSAHS patients (OSAHS group) were recruited for the study.The level of serum hs-CRP was determined by scatter rate nephelometry,and the state of depression was assessed by self-rating depression scale (SDS).Results The level of serum hs-CRP and SDS score were higher in OSAHS group than those in control group [(48.8 ± 12.7) scores vs.(36.3 ± 6.3) scores,(3.3 ±0.7) mg/L vs.(1.4 ± 0.4) mg/L](P＜0.01).SDS score and the level of serum hs-CRPwere positively correlated to apnea-hypopnea index(AHI) (r = 0.636,0.628 ;P<0.01) and negatively related to the MSaO2 (r =-0.509,-0.614;P <0.01) and LSaO2 (r =-0.607,-0.512;P <0.01).The level of serum hs-CRP was positive correlation to SDS score (r = 0.536,P<0.01).SDS score was related to the AHI,the level of serum hs-CRP and LSaO2 in multiple linear regression(F= 33.31,P = 0.002).Conclusion Depression is correlated to AHI and the level of serum hs-CRP in patients with OSAHS.

Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of tiotropium plus sustained-release theophylline in treating stable moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) . Methods A randomized clinical trail was conducted in 80 patients with stable moderate COPD, who were admitted to our hospital from March 2008 to December 2009. All patients were divided into two groups randomly and accepted tiotropium (groupⅠ ,n =40) or tiotropium plus sustained-release theophylline (group Ⅱ ,n =40) treatment for 12 weeks. Results Seventy patients completed the study,in which 36 cases had tiotropium alone and 34 cases had combination therapy. At the end of treatment, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in the comparisons of FEV1, FEV1%, FVC, FEV1/FVC, activity score and impacts score of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) (Ps > 0. 05). While the symptoms score (53.08 ± 12.25 vs.59.39±9.74,t=2.39,P<0.05) and total score (23. 91 ±2. 57 vs. 25. 27 ±2.14, t =2.40, P <0.05) of SGRQ were significantly lower in group Ⅱ compared to group Ⅰ. Six adverse events,including dry mouth (n =4), palpitation (re = 1) , constipation (n = 1), were observed in tiotropium alone group during the treatment period. Eleven adverse events were observed in combination treatment group, including dry mouth (re = 3) ,stomach discomfort or nausea (n = 3), diarrhea (re = 2) , palpitation (n = 2), constipation (n = 1) . The incidences of adverse reactions of two groups had no significant difference (P > 0. 05). Conclusion Compared with the single application of tiotropium, tiotropium plus sustained-release theophylline therapy can alleviate symptoms and improve life quality in patients with stable moderate COPD,without significantly increasing adverse reactions.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of NGX6 with 5-Fu on the apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Methods: The NGX6-transfected HT-29 cell line with 5-Fu was used in the test group. HT-29 cell line with 5-Fu and PDTC was used in the control group. The expression of NF-κB was detected by EMSA. The proliferation of HT-29 cell line was assayed by MTT. The effect of NGX6 on the apoptosis was detected by FCM. HT-29 cells were double-stained by PI/Annexin-V and AO/EB and observed by fluorescence microscopy. Results: The expression of NF-κB was inhibited in NGX6 transfected colon carcinoma cell group and in colon carcino-ma cell group treated with PDTC. Treatment with the chemopreventive compounds 5-Fu and PDTC resulted in different responses in the effects of anti-proliferation and induced apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells. There was no significant difference in apoptosis between NGX6-transfected HT-29 call line with 5-Fu and the cells in the control group. NGX6 gene enhanced the effect of 5-Fu on the proliferation and apoptosis of colon carcino-ma cells. Conclusion: NGX6 gene can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of colon carcinoma cells. NGX6 gene can enhance the effect of 5-Fu on the proliferation and apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells through NF-κB pathway.

In the presence of silver ion, Mn2+ could be electro-oxidized to potassium hypermanganate in phosphoric acid solution, which could effectively react with pyrocatechol in acid solution and luminol in sodium hydroxide solution to produce chemiluminescence. On the basis of this, a novel indirect approach for the detection of Mn2+ was established. The effect of silver ions on the electrochemical oxidation of Mn2+was studied. when 1. 5 ×10-5 mol/L Ag+ and 0. 01 mol/L phosphoric acid solution were used in the process of electrochemical oxidation, the CL intensity could be up to the maximum value after the above solution was electrolyzed for 2 min. The relation of CL intensity and Mn2+concentration in the solutions at different pH and the selectivity were also investigated. when the pyrocatechol was used as luminescent reagent in the acidic medium, the CL intensity was linearly to the Mn2+concentration in the range of 1. 82×10-7-7. 27×10-5 mol/L with excellent selectivity. Common ions had little interferences in the determination of Mn2+. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Mn2+ in surface water and drinking water with satisfactory results.

Objective To observe the effects of Yishen Tongluo Decoction (YTD) on the renal mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1) and collagen Ⅳ ( ColⅣ) in membranous nephropathy ( MN) rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, benazepril group (in the dosage of 10 mg·kg-1·d-1) , YTD group ( in the dosage of 20 g·kg-1·d-1) . The rats in various groups were given intragastric administration of corresponding agents. At the end of the fourth week, 24-hour urinary protein quantity, albumin ( ALB) , total protein ( TP) , triglyceride ( TG) , total cholesterol ( TC) , blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) , and creatinine (Cr) levels were observed. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and ColⅣ in renal tissue of rats were detected by immunofluorescence method, electron microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results In the model group, urinary protein quantity in rats was increased, serum levels of TP and ALB were significantly lowered, serum levels of TC and TG were significantly increased, renal pathological changes were present, and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and ColIV in renal tissue were up-regulated (P<0.05 compared with normal group). Compared with the model group, 24-hour urinary protein quantity, TC and TG levels were significantly lowered, TP and ALB levels were significantly increased, rat renal injury was relieved, mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and ColIV in renal tissue were down-regulated in the treatment groups ( P<0.05) . However, the differences between benazepril group and YTD group were insignificant ( P>0.05) . Conclusion The therapeutic mechanism of YTD for MN is probably related with the inhibition of mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and ColⅣin renal tissue.

Objective To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on insulin sensitivity and glucose-lipid metabolism in TNF-α-induced IR mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of TNF-α (H group,6μg/kg; M group,3μg/kg; L group,1μg/kg;twice daily) and saline (NC group) for 7 days. The plasma glucose and insulin were assayed during intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp combined with 3-[3H] glucose as a tracer was carried out. Results After TNF-α treatment,fasting blood glucose (FBG),plasma insulin and free fatty acids (FFA) were significantly elevated in H group compared with NC,L and M groups (P<0.01 and P<0.05,respectively). There was a lower glucose tolerance in H group versus other three groups during IVGTT. The insulin release by glucose stimulation was higher in H group versus NC and L groups (P<0.01 and P<0.05). Basal glucose disappearance rate (GDR) and hepatic glucose production (HGP) were significantly increased in H group compared with NC group (P<0.01). During the steady-state of clamp,plasma insulin levels were significantly increased in H group versus NC group (341.7±17.7 vs 84.7±5.5mU/L,P<0.01). The suppressive effect of insulin on FFA was significantly blunted in H group compared with NC group (0.82±0.03 vs 0.43±0.07mmol/L,P<0.01). Steady-state glucose infusion rate (GIR) was significantly decreased in H group compared with NC group (39.1±2.3 vs 54.2±2.2 mg·kg-1·min-1,P<0.01). Although GDR was increased in both group,but it was still lower in H group than in control group(47.9±0.8 vs 53.9±2.0 mg.kg-1.min-1,P<0.01).As compared with baseline,HGP in the controls was almost completely suppressed during steady state of clamp,but in H group suppressed by approximately 41%. Conclusions High-dose TNF-α treatment induces the abnormality of glucose-lipid metabolism and the insulin resistance of hepatic and peripheral tissue in mice

Objective To investigate the effects of visfatin gene overexpressian on insulin sensitivity and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) level in rats. Methods The recombinant visfatin plasmid was constructed and transfected into normal rats. The euglyeemic-hyperinsulinemie clamp experiments were performed to evaluate the change of insulin sensitivity before and after administration of the plasmid, and plasma FGF-21 level was determined by radioimmunoassay. Results Plasma visfatin levels and glucose infusion rates (GIR) were significantly increased [(1.49±0.06 vs 0.99±0.04) and (35.3±1.4 vs 27.6±1.7) mg·kg-1·min-1,respectively, all P<0.01]. Fasting insulin level was significantly decreased [(14.5±3.7 vs 24.4±6.2) mU/L,P<0.05], total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased [(1.31±0.10 vs1.76±0.22) mmol/L and (0.59±0.04 vs 0.95±0.15) mmol/L, respectively, all P<0.05], and plasma FGF-21 level was also decreased [(2.25±0.19 vs 2.59±0.23)μg/L, P<0.05] after plasmid being injected 3 days compared with that before injection, but there were no significant differences in fasting glucose and adiponectin levels before and after administration. Conclusion The transfection of visfatin plasmid increases plasma visfatin level, decreases FGF-21 levels and improves insulin sensitivity in normal rats.

AIM: To investigate the guiding role of individualized medication adjustment based on CYP2C19 metabolic typing in the treatment of ischemic stroke with clopidogrel, and to provide reference for clinical individualized medication. METHODS: The total of 80 patients with ischemic stroke were divided into the individualized drug instruction group with gene detection (n=40) and the control group without gene detection (n=40) according to whether they received CYP2C19 gene detection. According to the metabolism of CYP2C19, the individualized medication instruction group was divided into slow metabolic type, intermediate metabolic type, fast metabolic type and ultra-fast metabolic type. Patients with fast and ultra-fast metabolites were given clopidogrel dose of 75 mg once a day. Patients with intermediate metabolic type were given double clopidogrel dose of 150 mg once a day. Patients with slow metabolism were given tigrillo dose of 90 mg twice a day or aspirin dose of 100 mg once a day. The control group received 75 mg clopidogrel once a day. All patients enrolled in the groups were followed up for 3 months by outpatients or telephone. The incidence of vascular events and mRS scale scores were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The incidence of vascular events in the individualized drug instruction group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the incidence of mRS score(0-1) was significantly higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The individualized medication for patients with ischemic stroke by CYP2C19 gene detection can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse vascular events and improve the prognosis and living ability of patients.