OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC-DAD method for the determination of sulbactam pivoxil and the related substnaces in amoxicillin sulbactam pivoxil dispersible tablets. METHODS: The chromatographic column was Hypersil BDS with mobile phase consisted of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution∶acetonitrile (40∶60) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. The detector was diode array detector (DAD) at a detection wavelength of 204 nm and spectrum range of 300～190 nm. The injection volume was 10 ?L. RESULTS: The linear range of sulbactam pivoxil was 119.83～119 8.3 ?g? mL-1(r=0.999 9),with an average recovery rate of 98.7%(RSD=0.65%). The content of the related substances was 1.02%～1.10%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and accurate,and it can be used for the quality control of amoxicillin sulbactam pivoxil dispersible tablets.

Objective To establish a simple diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) rat model with the high fat-fed in GK rats. Methods A total of 30 GK rats (7-8 weeks) were fed with high-fat diet to establish the DPN model. Thirty normal Wistar rats were fed with ordinary diet (control group). The blood-sugar value, body mass, water-intake and food-intake were monitored every week in two groups. The serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin, the right sciatic nerve conduction velocity were detected at 8, 12 and 16 weeks respectively. The left sciatic nerve was used for HE and TUNEL staining. Results The manifestations of polydipsia, polyphagia and growth retardation were gradually appeared in GK rats. After 12 and 16 weeks, the blood-sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly increased in GK rats compared with those of normal Wistar rats (P < 0.01). The sensory nerve conduction velocity decreased obviously (P < 0.01). And motor nerve conduction velocity showed a certain decline trend (12 week P < 0.05,16 week P > 0.05). The sciatic nerve pathological features and Schwann cell apoptosis suggested that the model of DPN was successfully established (apoptosis index, P <0.01). Conclusion GK rats fed by high-fat diet are the satisfactory models of the DPN in experimental research. And 12-week is a suitable and economical time for molding.

In this study we take a closer look at the diseases that afflicted Japanese police officers who were stationed in a remote mountainous region of Taiwan from 1921 to 1944. Samples were taken from the latrine at the Huabanuo police outpost, and analyzed for the eggs of intestinal parasites, using microscopy and ELISA. The eggs of Eurytrema sp., (possibly E. pancreaticum), whipworm and roundworm were shown to be present. True infection with Eurytrema would indicate that the policemen ate uncooked grasshoppers and crickets infected with the parasite. However, false parasitism might also occur if the policemen ate the uncooked intestines of infected cattle, and the Eurytrema eggs passed through the human intestines. These findings provide an insight into the diet and health of the Japanese colonists in Taiwan nearly a century ago.
Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cattle ; Diet ; Eggs ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Grasshoppers ; Gryllidae ; Humans ; Intestines ; Microscopy ; Ovum ; Parasites ; Police ; Taiwan ; Toilet Facilities

Objective:To observe the effects of virtual reality (VR) technology combined with scenario-based simulation training in obstetrics and gynecology internship teaching.Methods:Ninety-eight medical students interned in the department of obstetrics and gynecology from June 2021 to May 2022 were included. Among them, 49 students received conventional clinical internship teaching of obstetrics and gynecology in the control group, while the other 49 students received scenario-based simulation training with VR technology in the observation group. The two groups were compared in terms of test scores, learning ability assessed by the Self-Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning, post competency, and the degree of satisfaction with teaching quality. The data were analyzed through the chi-squared test and t test with the use of SPSS 20.00. Results:The observation group had significantly higher scores than the control group in theoretical knowledge [(35.51±2.21) vs. (32.17±3.22)], case analysis[ (16.52±1.51) vs. (13.37±2.03)], and practical operation skills (all P<0.05). After teaching, the learning ability and post competency were significantly improved in both groups (both P<0.05), which were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (both P<0.05). The degree of satisfaction with teaching of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:VR technology combined with scenario-based simulation training can help improve teaching quality and enhance medical students' learning ability and post competency, with a high degree of satisfaction with teaching quality, which is worth promotion and application.

Objective To establish an intestinal organoid-based assay to investigate the radiation mitigation effect of epiregulin in vitro. Methods Intestinal crypts were released from tissue incubated with EDTA. Intestinal crypts seeded in 3D matrigel were irradiated at 24 h after plating. The radiation mitigation effect of epiregulin was evaluated by measuring the survival rate, size and budding numbers of the organoid after irradiation, and the basic FGF was used as a positive control of epiregulin. Results Radiation-induced lethality and dose-dependent survival curve of the intestinal organoid were consistent with in vivo data. Treatment with epiregulin (400 ng/ml) at 24 h post-radiation significantly increased survival rate of 8 Gy X-ray irradiated intestinal organoid in comparison with non-treated group [(12.56 ± 1.02)％vs. (4.73 ± 0.38)％, t=12.43,P<0.05]. Conclusions Epiregulin has radiation mitigation effect on intestinal organoid and could serve as a potential medical countermeasure to mitigate gastrointestinal toxicity.

Objective To examine the effect of adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure (AIE) on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent mice. Methods In experiment 1, adolescent male C57BL/6 mice at 4 weeks of age were randomly divided into AIE group and NS group (n=10 for each group). The binge drinking model was established by AIE (3 g/kg, 25%). The alcohol reward was evaluated using the ethanol-induced CPP paradigm (2 g/kg, 20%). In experiment 2, the anxiety-like behavior of adolescent male C57BL/6 mice were assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and the animals were then allocated into high-anxiety mouse (HAM) and low-anxiety mouse (LAM) groups based on the percentage of open arm time (OT%). HAM and LAM were randomly divided into AIE group and NS group (n=8～10 for each group) with random number method, respectively. Then, anxiety-like behavior in four groups was measured again using the EPM test. Results In experiment 1. Ethanol preference (116.1± 12.9)s vs. (70.8±14.8)s, P=0.035) was significantly higher in AIE group relative to NS group. However, In experiment 2. The alteration in anxiety-like behaviors was not significant in either HAM-AIE or LAM-AIE groups (all P＞0.05). Conclusions AIE reinforces ethanol-induced CPP but does not affect the anxiety-like behavior in adolescent mice, suggesting that AIE may not play a role in anxiety-like behavior.

Objective To examine the effect of NK1 receptor ( NK1R) antagonist L-703,606 on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and levels of NK1R protein in different brain regions in juvenile mice. Methods Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into high anxiety group and low anxiety group according to the percentage of time spent in open arms of elevated plus maze(EPM). Then the mice in the two groups were divided into control group and experimental group according to random number table,which were high anxiety control group,high anxiety experimental group,low anxiety control group and low anxiety experimental group,with 11 in each group. L-703,606 was injected intraperitoneally 40 minutes before CPP training in the high and low anxiety experimental group,while the control group received solvent treatment. After CPP test,the anxiety level of four groups of mice was detected by EPM again. The expres-sion of NK1R protein in hippocampus,prefrontal lobe and amygdala of mice was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the high anxiety control group, the CPP value of the high anxiety experimental group was lower,and the difference was statistically significant ((77. 7 ± 9. 3) s vs (13. 6 ± 13. 0) s,P=0. 002). Compared with the low anxiety control group,the CPP value of the low anxiety experimental group was lower,and the difference was statistically significant ((113. 2±10. 3)s vs (28. 0±9. 6)s,P<0. 01). Af-ter L-703,606 treatment,there was no significant difference in the percentage of open arm time between the control group and experimental group either in high anxiety group or in low anxiety group (both P>0. 05) . Compared with the high anxiety control group,the expression of NK1R increased in hippocampus,prefrontal lobe and amygdala of mice in high anxiety experimental group (all P<0. 05). And the expression of NK1R in the above three brain regions had the same result between the low anxiety control group and the low anxiety experimental group (all P<0. 05). Conclusions L-703,606 can attenuate ethanol-induced CPP but has no effect on anxiety-like behaviors,suggesting the direct effect of NK1R in alcohol reward in juvenile mice.