KRAS mutation is one of the most frequent driver gene mutations found in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). KRAS-mutant NSCLC is highly heterogeneous. Various mutation types and different co-mutational signatures affect tumor biological behavior and therapeutic responses. NSCLC patients with KRAS mutations could relatively benefit from immunotherapy, while the effects of KRAS mutations on chemotherapy are still controversial. The treatment methods of KRAS-mutant lung cancer have followed the therapy of NSCLC without driver gene mutation for a long time. With the introduction of novel KRAS G12C inhibitors in the clinic, the therapeutic landscape has begun to change and has made the preliminary advance, and the combined therapies resulted in encouraging signals of efficacy both in preclinical and early phase trials. This paper reviews the biological and clinical characteristics as well as the latest treatment progress of KRAS-mutant NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of ZEB2 and E-cadherin mRNA and protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues. METHOD: The expressions of ZEB2 and Ecadherin in 39 cases of NPC tissue and 12 cases of nasopharyngeal inflammation tissue were detected by Real-time PCR method and immunohistochemical technique. To assess their correlations with clinicopathological parameters of NPC and the interrelationship between them. RESULT: Both the expression of ZEB2 mRNA and protein were higher in NPC tissues than that in inflammation tissues (P < 0.05). Abnormal expression of ZEB2 mRNA and protein in NPC were significantly associated to N stage and clinic stage (P < 0.05), but the difference in expression between the different gender, age and T stage were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both the expression of Ecadherin mRNA and protein were higher in NPC tissues than that in inflammation tissues (P < 0.05). Abnormal expression of Ecadherin mRNA and protein in NPC were significantly associated to N stage (P < 0.05), but the different expression between the different gender, age, T stage and clinic stage were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In NPC tissues, the expression of ZEB2 mRNA was negative correlated with the expression of E-cadherin mRNA (r = -0.367, P < 0.05). The expression of ZEB1 protein was negative correlated with the expression of E-cadherin protein (r = -0.322, P < 0.05), the differences were both statistically significant. CONCLUSION The expression of ZEB2 was up-regulated in NPC, while the expression of E-cadherin was down-regulated, their expression was significantly negative correlated, and might be associated with metastasis of NPC, ZEB2 may promote the invasion and metastasis of NPC by inhibiting the expression of E-cadherin.
Antigens, CD ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; Down-Regulation ; Homeodomain Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Nasopharynx ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Repressor Proteins ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic values of microRNAs (miRNAs) as plasma biomarkers for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The levels of 10 miRNAs in plasma of 59 patients with early stage (stage Ⅰ-ⅢA) NSCLC (lung cancer group) and 59 benign lesions (control group) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The levels of serum cytokeratins antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and other tumor markers were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). The early diagnostic value of miRNAs and other markers were evaluated by receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve were calculated for the cut-off value. Results Plasma CYFRA21-1, miR-486 and miR-210 levels were significantly different in lung cancer group and control group (CYFRA21-1: 8.896±3.681 vs. 5.892±2.028, P= 0.020; miR-486:2.778±0.778 vs. 1.746±0.892, P< 0.001;miR-210: 4.836 ±1.374 vs. 2.829 ±1.503, P< 0.001). Area under ROC curve of CYFRA 21-1, miR-486 and miR-210 was 0.624 (sensitivity: 0.576, specificity: 0.797), 0.848 (sensitivity: 0.831, specificity: 0.780) and 0.751 (sensitivity: 0.746, specificity: 0.746), respectively. MiR-486, miR-210 combined with CYFRA21-1 had the highest diagnostic efficiency, and the area under the curve was 0.924 (sensitivity: 0.847, specificity:0.811), miR-486 combined with miR-210 had the highest diagnostic efficiency, and the area under the curve was 0.892 (sensitivity: 0.831, specificity: 0.780). Conclusions MiR-486 and miR-210 could be potential biomarkers for diagnosis of NSCLC. Plasma miRNAs combined with tumor markers can improve the diagnostic efficacy of early stage NSCLC.

Objective:To explore the relationship between subjective social status (SSS) and mental health (depression, anxiety, and flourishing) among medical students, and to examine the moderating role of self-compassion in this process.Methods:The Chinese version of the subjective socioeconomic status scale (CSSS), self-compassion scale (SCS), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) and flourishing scale (FS) were used to investigate 2 440 medical students in December 2021. SPSS 26.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Multilevel regression analysis was used to investigate the moderating role of self-compassion on the relationship between SSS and mental health.Results:(1) Correlation analysis showed that SSS(5.32±1.46)was negatively correlated with depression(5.00(3.00, 8.00))and anxiety(3.00(1.00, 6.00)) ( r=-0.166, -0.128, both P<0.01), and was positively correlated with flourishing(40.69±8.45)( r=0.242, P<0.01). Self-compassion(86.63±13.16)was negatively correlated with depression and anxiety ( r=-0.538, -0.511, both P<0.01), and was positively correlated with flourishing ( r=0.543, P<0.01). (2) Multilevel regression analysis showed that SSS could significantly and negatively predict depression( β=-0.065, P<0.001), and positively predict flourishing( β=0.157, P<0.001). Self-compassion played a significantly positive moderating role in the relationship between SSS and depression( β=0.055, P<0.01), and the negative relationship between SSS and depression decreased with increasing self-compassion.Self-compassion played a significantly negative moderating role in the relationship between SSS and flourishing( β=-0.037, P<0.05), the positive relationship between SSS and flourishing decreased with increasing self-compassion. Conclusion:SSS can predict mental health of medical students.Self-compassion plays a moderating role in the relationship between SSS and mental health and can mitigate the damage of low SSS on the mental health of medical students.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly malignancy with regard to mortality and prognosis, and the 5-year survival rate for all patients diagnosed with ESCC remains poor. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms of ESCC tumorigenesis and progression is of great importance to improve treatment of this disease. In this study, we demonstrated that the glutathione metabolism pathway is highly enriched in ESCC cells compared with normal esophageal epithelial cells in an in vivo mouse model. In addition, treatment with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete glutathione decreased the ESCC tumor burden in mice, thus demonstrating the critical role of glutathione metabolism in ESCC progression. BSO treatment also led to decreased cell proliferation and activation of cell apoptosis in ESCC. Finally, BSO treatment blocked NF-κB pathway activation in ESCC. Our study reveals a new pathway that regulates ESCC progression and suggests that inhibition of glutathione metabolism may be a potential strategy for ESCC treatment.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Proliferation ; Epithelial Cells ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Glutathione* ; Humans ; Metabolism* ; Mice ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden

The standardization of pediatric Tuina is beneficial to pediatric Tuina practitioners in a norm practices. The paper collects the content from teaching textbooks, TCM ancient books and database literature, and tries to develop the technical specifications of pediatric Tuina by four rounds Delphi surveys and expert consensus. This specification covers the manipulation of pediatric Tuina, the position of acupoints, the effects of acupoints and the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric Tuina, including indications, contraindications, cautious use, operation steps and methods.

Patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy have a very limited improvement in 5-year survival rate. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) have made a breakthrough in the treatment of EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC, which shed light for the exploration of perioperative targeted therapy in NSCLC patients. Significant progress has been made in the research of targeted therapy of the first and third generation EGFR-TKI in perioperative patients. The availability of novel potent and less toxic targeted therapy has brought new treatments for the operable NSCLC. This article reviews the progress and existing problems of adjuvant and neoadjuvant targeted therapy in NSCLC harboring EGFR mutation.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Dayuanyin decoction （DYY） on lung injury and gut microbiota in mice with RSV-Hanshi yufei syndrome. METHODS Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into the normal group （NC group）， model group （MC group）， positive control group （LBM group， 57.59 mg/kg ribavirin）， DYY low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （LDYY，MDYY，HDYY groups，1.67，3.34，6.68 g/kg，calculated by crude drug）， with 6 mice in each group. Except for NC group， RSV-Hanshi yufei syndrome model was induced by “Hanshi modeling+RSV infection”； after the second cold and wet stimulation， RSV solution was dripped into the nasal cavity at 50% tissue culture infectious dose， once a day， for 3 consecutive days； each administration group was given corresponding solution intragastrically 4 hours after each nasal drip， once a day， for 5 consecutive days. The levels of motilin （MTL） and gastrin （GAS） in serum， the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in supernatant of lung tissue， and the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes were all determined. The pathological changes of lungs were observed， and the changes of gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with MC group， the levels of MTL in serum （except for HDYY group）， and the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in supernatant of lung tissue were all decreased significantly in DYY groups， while the level of GAS （except for HDYY group） in serum was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The pathology of lung tissue was improved， the percentage of T lymphocytes in LDYY group and the percentages of T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte in MDYY group were all increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the NC group， Bacteroidetes， Actinobacteria， Bacteroides， Alistipes， Bacteroidota， Bacteroides acidfaciens and Alloprevotella were expressed in high abundance， while Firmicutes， Proteobacteria， Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group， Kineothrix and Clostridiales unclassified were expressed in low abundance. After the intervention of medium-dose DYY， the relative abundance of each microbiota tended to be adjusted back， with different species including Lachnospiraceae_UCG-Ruminococcus， etc. CONCLUSIONS Dayuanyin decoctioncan reduce the lung injury caused by RSV， the mechanism of which may be associated with relieving inflammation， regulating gastrointestinal hormone levels， the percentage of lymphocytes and the abundance of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has been proven to be a major breakthrough in the treatment of various tumor types. Despite the favorable results in terms of oncological outcomes, these treatments have been associated with a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one of rare but life-threatening irAEs, with acute onset and rapid progression after ICI initiation. Early diagnosis and active treatment are crucial. Herein, we review recent literatures to provide guidance to frequently asked questions concerning the diagnosis and management of ICI-MG.