Objective:To explore the risk factors of delayed traumatic intracranial hematoma (DTICH)followed by unilateral large decompressive craniectomy (LDC)and its influence in the prognosis of the severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI)patients,and to improve the successful rate of the rescue.Methods:The clinical data of 130 sTBI patients underwent unilateral LDC were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into DTICH group (n=42)and non-DTICH group (n=88)according to whether the DTICH occurred after operation.The risk factors of DTICH and its influence were contrastively analyzed.Results:The analysis results of the clinical data of patients in two groups showed that preoperative GCS,time from trauma to operation,skull fracture,midline shift > 1 cm, basal cistern disappear,activated partial prothrombin time (APTT),fibrinogen (FIB),and thrombin time (TT) were significantly correlated with the appearance of DTICH (P<0.05).Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the time from trauma to operation, skull fracture, basal cistern disappearing and FIB were the independent risk factors of DTICH (P<0.05).The analysis results of GOS 3 months after operation of the patients in two groups showed that the prognosis of the patients in DTICH group was significantly worse than that in non-DTICH group (P<0.01 ).Conclusion:For those patients who accompanied with shorter time from trauma to operation,skull fracture,basal cistern disappearing and FIB decrease,the appearance of DTICH should be paid attention.DTICH can affect the prognosis of patients;prevention and early diagnosis are crucial to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum uric acid level and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2017 to July 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. They were divided into 4 groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to the sex-specific serum uric acid quartiles. The demographic data, baseline clinical data, laboratory indicators and HRV recorded by 24-h dynamic electrocardiogram in each group were compared. The independent correlation between HRV time domain parameters RR (normal-to-normal, NN) interval standard deviation (standard deviation of the NN intervals, SDNN), RR interval mean standard deviation (standard deviation of the average NN intervals, SDANN) and serum uric acid level was analyzed through multiple linear regression model.Results:A total of 141 patients were enrolled in the study, including 100 males (70.92%), aged 61.55±12.92 years. The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 2 (interquartile range: 1-4), and the serum uric acid level was 302.87±73.48 μmol/L. There were significant differences in the NIHSS score ( P<0.034), the proportion of patients with hypertension ( P=0.015), the estimated glomerular filtration rate ( P<0.001), and the HRV time domain parameters (all P<0.001) between each quartile group. The proportion of patients with low HRV (SDNN <100 ms) in the lowest serum uric acid level quartile group was significantly higher than that in other quartile groups ( P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum uric acid levels were significantly and positively correlated with SDNN (standardized β=0.321, P<0.001) and SDANN (standardized β=0.266, P=0.001). Conclusions:The low level of serum uric acid in patients with acute ischemic stroke indicates that HRV is low, which may suggest that the mechanism of oxidative stress is involved in the decrease of HRV in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective:To investigate the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations and plasma D-dimer in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) patients with headache as the first symptom.Methods:CVST inpatients with headache as the first symptom admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2012 to December 2019 were enrolled retrospectively as case group. In the same period, patients with similar headache symptoms and healthy subjects were included consecutively as control group. The differences of demographic data, biochemical indexes, blood routine indexes and plasma D-dimer were compared among the three groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent correlation between NLR and plasma D-dimer and CVST with headache as the first symptom. According to the median NLR, patients with CVST were divided into low NLR group and high NLR group, and the differences in clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations and plasma D-dimer were compared between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the independent correlation between the reciprocal of NLR and plasma D-dimer and clinical features. Results:A total of 51 CVST inpatients with headache as the first symptom, 54 headache controls and 53 healthy controls were included in the study. There were significant differences in triglyceride ( P=0.002), fasting blood glucose ( P=0.044), serum albumin ( P=0.013), uric acid ( P=0.010), plasma D-dimer ( P<0.001), proportion of D-dimer negative patients ( P<0.001), mean corpuscular volume ( P=0.015), white blood cell count ( P<0.001), neutrophil count ( P<0.001), lymphocyte count ( P=0.005), monocyte count ( P=0.004), mean platelet volume ( P=0.010), platelet distribution width ( P=0.029), NLR ( P<0.001) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio ( P<0.001) among the three groups. Post-hoc analysis showed that plasma D-dimer and NLR in the case group were significantly higher than those in the two control groups (all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis with the headache control group and the healthy control group as references showed that NLR and plasma D-dimer were significantly and independently correlated with CVST with headache as the first symptom (all P<0.05). According to the median NLR (4.817 6), the case group was divided into low NLR group and high NLR group. The comparison showed that the onset time ( P=0.041), the proportion of patients with headache as the only symptom ( P=0.016) and the proportion of plasma D-dimer negative patients ( P=0.002) in the low NLR group were significantly higher than those of the high NLR group, and the proportion of patients with headache complicated with disturbance of consciousness ( P=0.032), plasma D-dimer ( P<0.001) and fasting blood glucose ( P<0.001) were significantly lower than those in the high NLR group. With the reciprocal of NLR as the dependent variable, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the reciprocal of NLR was independently negatively correlated with plasma D-dimer ( R=-0.521, P<0.001), and independently positively correlated with headache as the only symptom ( R=0.280, P=0.049). Conclusions:NLR was significantly increased in CVST patients with headache as the first symptom. It might help early diagnosis and clinical feature prediction of CVST patients.

Objective:To analyze the body composition of breast cancer patients and the changes with age; to compare the incidence of obesity in breast cancer patients with different diagnostic criteria; To understand the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body composition; to investigate the incidence of sarcopenia and its relationship with obesity in breast cancer patients.Methods:The bioelectrical impedance technique was used to analyze the body composition of 1 187 female breast cancer patients before surgery.Results:There was a statistically significant difference between different age groups of breast cancer patients with various body composition indicators ( F values were 3.767-32.627, P < 0.01), and the incidence of obesity and sarcopenia was different in different age groups ( χ2 value was 20.819, P < 0.01). The obesity detection rate of different diagnostic methods was different. The obesity rate diagnosed by body fat percentage (PBF) was the highest. 28.14% (334/1 187) of breast cancer patients were diagnosed as "invisible obesity", which refers to normal or low BMI but excessive PBF. BMI was positively correlated with all body composition indicators ( r values were 0.137-0.954, P < 0.01), and moderately correlated with PBF and skeletal muscle mass ( r values were 0.761, 0.534, P < 0.01). The incidence of sarcopenia in breast cancer patients was 8.26% (98/1 187). 8.78% (64/1 187) of the patients with normal BMI were diagnosed as Sarcopenia. Among patients with excess PBF and excess visceral fat area, 6.70% (47/1 187) and 5.98% (15/1 187) were diagnosed with sarcopenia, respectively. Conclusion:The incidence of PBF obesity in breast cancer patients is high, and some patients have sarcopenia, which is not good for prognosis. Bioelectrical impedance technology can accurately assess the body composition of patients, and can find "invisible obesity" and sarcopenia that cannot be diagnosed by BMI, which is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo understand the current research status, research hotspots and development trends of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in the field of rehabilitation. MethodsThe relevant articles of CIMT in rehabilitation from January, 2000 to October, 2022 in CNKI and Web of Science were retrieved. The authors, institutions, countries, keywords and burst words were extracted with CiteSpace 6.1.R3 to draw knowledge mapping. ResultsA total of 1 165 articles were included, 359 articles in Chinese and 806 in English. The trend of annual publications was generally consistent, and after a period of rapid growth, the current annual publications showed a fluctuating trend. There was more cooperation among the institutions in English articles, with geographical limitation. The institutions in Chinese articles had the problem of insufficient cooperation. The researches mainly focused on the application of CIMT in different diseases, the improvement of motor function by CIMT, the application of CIMT in combination with other therapies, and the study of the related mechanisms of CIMT. In recent years, Chinese burst keywords included modified constraint-induced movement therapy, stroke hemiparesis, clinical efficacy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; English burst keywords included transcranial direct current stimulation, non-invasive brain stimulation, and unilateral cerebral palsy. ConclusionResearch on CIMT in the field of rehabilitation is in a period of steady development, and CIMT combined with non-invasive brain stimulation is likely to be a hotspot in future research.

Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) have fostered rapid developments in the field of microbiome research, and massive microbiome datasets are now being generated. However, the diversity of software tools and the complexity of analysis pipelines make it difficult to access this field. Here, we systematically summarize the advantages and limitations of microbiome methods. Then, we recommend specific pipelines for amplicon and metagenomic analyses, and describe commonly-used software and databases, to help researchers select the appropriate tools. Furthermore, we introduce statistical and visualization methods suitable for microbiome analysis, including alpha- and beta-diversity, taxonomic composition, difference comparisons, correlation, networks, machine learning, evolution, source tracing, and common visualization styles to help researchers make informed choices. Finally, a step-by-step reproducible analysis guide is introduced. We hope this review will allow researchers to carry out data analysis more effectively and to quickly select the appropriate tools in order to efficiently mine the biological significance behind the data.