Objective To investigate the serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as explore the relevance of its clinical significance AOPP and COPD.Methods Fifty-four patients with mild/moderate COPD (COPD group) were enrolled in this study,who were treated in the No.100th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from Apr.2011 to Nov.2013.Thirty healthy volunteers (control group) at same period were selected as control group and the general condition of two groups were matched.AOPP,superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured.Results The serum AOPP,MDA and SOD in control group were (45.78 ± 12.54) μmol/L,(2.96 ± 0.55) μmol/L and (78.40 ± 8.37) kU/L respectively.And its were (68.93 ± 10.62) μmol/L,(6.07 ± 2.44) μmol/L and (53.66 ± 5.99) kU/L respectively in COPD group.The differences were statistically significant (t =-8.57,-9.14,14.38 ; All P values were less than 0.01).The serum AOPP,MDA and SOD in mild COPD group were (65.56 ±9.65) μmol/L,(4.21 ± 1.83) μmol/L and (62.97 ± 6.28) kU/L respectively,and (71.79 ± 11.37) μmol/L,(7.43 ± 3.12) μmol/L and (41.25 ± 5.89) kU/L respectively in moderate CODP group.The differences were statistically significant (t =-2.17,-4.80,13.00; P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The increased levels of serum AOPP is important pathological changes in patients with COPD,which may be involved in the occurrence and development of COPD,and is the reaction of oxidative stress injury in patients with COPD early sensitive indicator.

Objective To evaluated the HCV genotyping results which obtained by genotype diagnostic kit in Shenzhen area. Methods 158 samples which ELISA test of anti-HCV were positive were collected from voluntary blood donors from 2014 to 2015,and were tested by PCR fluorescence probe method for viral load.The samples which viral load were greater than 1.0 ×103 IU/mL were then tested by HCV RNA genotype diagnostic kit.To analysis the proportion of different genotypes and the correla-tion between genotypes with vrial load.Results 54 HCV RNA reactive sample were quantity by PCR fluorescence probe method from 158 anti-HCV positive samples.The genotyping data for 45 cases which vrial load greater than 1.0×103 IU/mL were obtained by HCV RNA genotype diagnostic kit.The frequencies HCV genotype 1b,2,3 and 6 were 57.78%(26/45),6.67%(3/45),8.89%(4/45)and 26.67%(12/45),respectively.One-way ANOVA analysis showed that significant difference in viral loads was found be-tween different HCV genotype 1b and 2(F =2.861,P <0.05),and there was a significant difference in viral loads and anti-HCV S/CO by sex(P <0.05).Fisher′s exact test showed the significance difference between age and genotypes(P <0.05 ).Conclusion HCV 1b and 6 were the most predominant genotypes due to the higher viral load than the other subtypes among volunteer blood do-nors in Shenzhen,while the proportion of HCV 2,3 declined.

Objective:To explore the relationships between the gut microbiota in patients with cervical and endometrial cancers and the severity of radiation enteritis they suffered during radiotherapy.Methods:Feces samples were collected from 37 patients with cervical or endometrial cancer who received radical radiotherapy (RR) and postoperative radiotherapy (PR). Symptoms were recorded according to the grades of diarrhea and proctitis stated in CTCAE 5.0. The grade of symptoms was considered a high grade (HG) in the case of ≥ 2 and a low grade (LG). The 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used for DNA analysis of the samples.Results:The α diversity of gut microbiota was significantly higher in patients with LG symptoms (LG group) than that in patients with HG symptoms (HG group, P<0.05) and the β diversity also differed between the two groups (stress<0.2) before radiotherapy. Meanwhile, the Ruminococcus gnavus was significantly higher in the HG group than that in the LG group before radiotherapy ( P<0.05), and thus it may serve as a biomarker for the prediction of the severity of radiation enteritis in the patients before radiotherapy. The gut microbiota in the LG and HG groups showed different changes after three weeks of radiotherapy. In addition, RR patients showed higher gut microbiota diversity and less severe radiation enteritis than PR patients. Meanwhile, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was significantly higher in RR patients than that in PR patients before radiotherapy ( P<0.05), which may correlate negatively with radiation toxicity. Conclusions:The characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with cervical and endometrial cancers were closely related to the severity of radiation enteritis they suffered during radiotherapy. Furthermore, prior treatment such as surgery might reduce radiation tolerance of the patients.

Clinical features of and genetic mutations in two cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ⅰ a(PHP Ⅰ a) with early-onset skin nodules were analyzed.Both of the two patients were males,and their ages at onset were 2 and 3 months respectively.They both presented with early-onset skin nodules as the main clinical manifestation,and were clinically characterized by a round face,short neck and early obesity.Histopathological examination of skin lesions showed subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis in both patients.The first patient had low blood calcium,high blood phosphorus,high parathyroid hormone (PTH),and gene sequencing showed a heterozygous mutation c.399delT causing a T base deletion at position 399 in exon 5 of the GNAS gene.The second patient had normal blood calcium and phosphorus levels as well as normal PTH levels at early stage,and gene sequencing showed a heterozygous mutation c.939delT causing a T base deletion at position 939 in exon 9 of the GNAS gene.The blood PTH level was found to increase in the second patient after 1-year follow-up.Both the patients were confirmedly diagnosed with PHP Ⅰa.After treatment with vitamin D3,no new skin nodules occurred,and the blood calcium and phosphorus levels returned to normal.

People as third-party observers, without direct self-interest, may punish norm violators to maintain social norms. However, third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame (i.e., verbally describe) a norm violation. We conducted a behavioral and a neuroimaging experiment to investigate the above phenomenon, which we call the "third-party framing effect". In these experiments, participants observed an anonymous perpetrator deciding whether to keep her/his economic benefit while exposing a victim to a risk of physical pain (described as "harming others" in one condition and "not helping others" in the other condition), then they had a chance to punish that perpetrator at their own cost. Our results showed that the participants were more willing to execute third-party punishment under the harm frame compared to the help frame, manifesting a framing effect. Self-reported anger toward perpetrators mediated the relationship between empathy toward victims and the framing effect. Meanwhile, activation of the insula mediated the relationship between mid-cingulate cortex activation and the framing effect; the functional connectivity between these regions significantly predicted the size of the framing effect. These findings shed light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of the third-party framing effect.
Empathy ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Neuroimaging ; Pain ; Punishment/psychology*