Optic nerve is a part of the central nerve system,therefore,it can not regenerate after injury.In recent years,more attentions have been focused on optic nerve regeneration research.The primary pathological basis of optic nerve injury is loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and irreversible visual dysfunction.A certain number of RGCs survival and/or rescue allow the recovery of visual function.So gene therapy for optic nerve regeneration becomes a hotspot in recent years.Genetic therapy alters the expression of DNA or RNA in the target cells and thus achieves the purpose of treating disease.Whether genetic therapeutic is successful or not depends on the characteristics of gene vectors,tissue microenvironment and transfection technology.This review summarized recent studies and aimed at a better understanding to gene therapy vectors and methods in rescuing optic nerve injury.

Epilepsies associated with KCNQ2 are a spectrum of disorders,and KCNQ2 mutations lead to a variety of phenotypes from the severest to the mildest,from early onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) to benign familial neonatal convulsion (BFNC).The type and the position of KCNQ2 mutations may be associated with phenotypes,and provide a clue for assessing prognosis.KCNQ2 mutations lead to the reduced protein expression,abnormal distribution of potassium channels or decreased currents of potassium channels.It is the potential mechanism that KCNQ2 mutations cause different phenotypes.Recent studies have also found that KCNQ2 mutations may trigger seizures by enhancing potassium channel currents;however it needs further studies to verify.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sirolimus on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.Methods Thirty male Wistar rats,aged 3 months,weighing 200-250 g,were equally randomized into 3 groups:normal saline group (NS group),scopolamine group (SC group) and scopolamine + sirolimus group (SS group).Normal saline,scopolamine 0.8 mg/kg and sirolimus 3.5 mg/kg + scopolamine 0.8 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally in groups NS,SC and SS,respectively,and the injection was continued for 14 consecutive days.The cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze test on 15th day.After behavior test,the rats were sacrificed and the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were harvested for determination of amyloid β protein (Aβ) and Tau protein expression.Results Compared with NS group,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the ratio of time spent in the target quadrant was decreased,Aβ expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was upregulated and Tau protein expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was down-regulated in group SC (P ＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with SC group,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the ratio of time spent in the target quadrant was increased,Aβ expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was down-regulated and Tau protein expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was up-regulated in group SS (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Sirolimus can significantly improve scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats and the changes in the expression of Aβ and Tau protein in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may be involved in the mechanism.

To select the most effective parameters of electroacupuncture (EA) at Hegu (LI4) and Sanyinjiao (SP6), a traditional acupuncture formula that induces labor, by comparing its effects on uterine contraction in late-stage pregnant rats, so as to improve the effects of acupuncture on induction of labor and its clinical maneuverability and provide the basis for further mechanism research.

Objective To solve the problem that the rat retina paraffin sections are easily exfoliated from the slides and each layer are easily separation and fracture,we need to find a way to improve the retina paraffin section method and evaluate the tissue fixation. Methods We used 4 fixation liquids including 10%paraformaldehyde,4%paraformaldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde and 95% alcohol and glacial acetic acid mixed liquid (FAA fixatiue solution ) combined with paraformaldehyde to fix the retinal tissue, and observed the fixation efficacy under microscope after HE staining. Results The effects of 10%paraformaldehyde and 4%paraformaldehyde fixed samples showed moderate separation and fracture of retina,but the HE staining retinal slices pre-treated by the FAA fixafive solution had bright and uniform color,although occasionally some parts of the retina were exfoliated from the slide, but it was not easy to take off,and had complete structure without separation and rupture. Conclusion The retina paraffin section fixed by FAA ixafive solution with 4% paraformaldehyde is superior to pure paraformaldehyde, and the paraformaldehyde concentration has no obviously influence on HE staining results.

From November 2015 to January 2016, two patients with multiple maxillofacial fractures were chosen to undergo CT scanning and maxillofacial three-dimensional (3D) imaging reconstruction. The data were input to 3D printer in order to yield rapid prototyping model with the same size of patients′ maxillofacial regions. Simulated fracture surgery and reconstruction of the Ti-palate were performed on the models. The operations were conducted with the guidance of navigation system. The consistency of simulated model and real fractures was compared. The results show the complex maxillofacial fracture could make the operation more accurate and shorten the operation time. Moreover, the facial features and masticatory function of both patients were improved. The 3D printing technique combined with computer-assisted navigation could be applied to complex maxillofacial fractures surgery, in order to improve the surgical accuracy and achieve effective reconstruction.

Objective:To explore the relationships between the gut microbiota in patients with cervical and endometrial cancers and the severity of radiation enteritis they suffered during radiotherapy.Methods:Feces samples were collected from 37 patients with cervical or endometrial cancer who received radical radiotherapy (RR) and postoperative radiotherapy (PR). Symptoms were recorded according to the grades of diarrhea and proctitis stated in CTCAE 5.0. The grade of symptoms was considered a high grade (HG) in the case of ≥ 2 and a low grade (LG). The 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used for DNA analysis of the samples.Results:The α diversity of gut microbiota was significantly higher in patients with LG symptoms (LG group) than that in patients with HG symptoms (HG group, P<0.05) and the β diversity also differed between the two groups (stress<0.2) before radiotherapy. Meanwhile, the Ruminococcus gnavus was significantly higher in the HG group than that in the LG group before radiotherapy ( P<0.05), and thus it may serve as a biomarker for the prediction of the severity of radiation enteritis in the patients before radiotherapy. The gut microbiota in the LG and HG groups showed different changes after three weeks of radiotherapy. In addition, RR patients showed higher gut microbiota diversity and less severe radiation enteritis than PR patients. Meanwhile, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was significantly higher in RR patients than that in PR patients before radiotherapy ( P<0.05), which may correlate negatively with radiation toxicity. Conclusions:The characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with cervical and endometrial cancers were closely related to the severity of radiation enteritis they suffered during radiotherapy. Furthermore, prior treatment such as surgery might reduce radiation tolerance of the patients.

Objective:To assess the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical intervention on improving sleep quality in pregnant women by network Meta-analysis.Methods:Randomized controlled clinical trials on non-pharmaceutical intervention to improve sleep quality in pregnant women were searched on Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China Biology Medicine disc, CNKI and Wanfang Database by computer, and the search time limit was from the establishment of databases to December 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. Stata 14.0 software was used to conduct a network meta-analysis.Results:Finally, a total of 26 randomized controlled trial were included, including 2 363 patients and 7 non-pharmaceutical intervention measures. The best probability ranking results of network meta-analysis showed that in terms of total score evaluation of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, relaxation intervention, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, psychological intervention, exercise intervention, music therapy, sleep health education and routine nursing were ranked from high to low. In terms of dimensional evaluation of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, relaxation intervention, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, psychological intervention and music therapy had better effects.Conclusions:Current evidence suggests that relaxation intervention, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, psychological intervention and music therapy may be more effective interventions in improving the sleep quality of pregnant women.

Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) can reduce the cesarean section rate and has many benefits for both mother and infant. Decision-making aids can promote communication between doctors and patients regarding childbirth methods and increase pregnant women's informed consent and decision-making participation in VBAC, thereby supporting pregnant women in making choices and improving the quality of childbirth decisions. This article summarizes the content of VBAC decision-making aids, evaluation of different VBAC decision-making aids, application of VBAC decision-making aids, and obstacles to the application of VBAC decision-making aids in China to provide reference for the development and application of domestic childbirth decision-making aids.

Objective:To conduct systematic review of mother-infant attachment measurement tools based on Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines.Methods:The researches on mother-infant attachment measurement tools in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data and VIP was searched by computer, and the search period was from establishment of the databases to October 30, 2023. Two reviewers trained in evidence-based methodology independently screened the literature, extracted and summarized the data, and systematically evaluated the attributes of the measurement tools using the COSMIN guideline bias risk list and good measurement attribute standards.Results:A total of 35 studies were included, including seven maternal-infant attachment measurement tools. Among them, the content validity quality of the Maternal-fetal Attachment Tool was sufficient (evidence quality was advanced), the structural validity quality was uncertain (evidence quality was intermediate), the internal consistency quality was sufficient (evidence quality was advanced) and the hypothesis testing quality was sufficient (evidence quality was advanced), which was recommended at level A.Conclusions:This study systematically evaluates seven measurement tools for maternal-infant attachment, among which the Maternal-fetal Attachment Tool is class A tool and is recommended for use.