Objective To compare the performance of fourth generation HIV antigen/antibody combined detection reagents for HIV early infection samples,international HIV seroconversion panel samples and routine clinical screening samples.Methods Thirty seven early HIV infected samples from the followup gays in Shen Yang between 2009 and 2011,66 seroconversion panel samples from BBI company (U.S.A),NABI company(U.S.A) and NIBSC company(U.K) and 703 routine HIV screening samples in the first hospital of China medical university in October 2010 were collected.All kinds of samples were tested by three diagnostic reagents based on chemiluminescence assay (CLIA),electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively.The detection sensitivity and specificity of these assays were analyzed.Results For 59 early infected and seroconversion samples,the sensitivities of both ECLIA and CLIA reagent were 96.61％ (95％ CI 91.5％-100.0％),higher than that of the ELISA kit (95％ CI 75.0％-92.9％) (x2 =5.341,P ＜ 0.05),which is 83.93％ ; Comparison among the three reagents for different subtypes of the antibody seroconversion samples showed that ECLIA had the highest sensitivity while CLIA was the lowest ; Detection sensitivity of the three reagents for the P24 antigen is CLIA ＞ ECLIA ＞ ELISA; With detection of 703 clinical routine screening samples,the specificities of three reagents were 100％ (CLIA),99.86％ (ECLIA) and 99.71％ (ELISA) respectively.Conclusions For the sensitivity of the fourth HIV diagnostic reagents CLIA and ECLIA are better than ELISA.The former two reagents are more suitable for identifying earlier HIV infection in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the detectability of HIV antigen-antibody in the window period of acute infection by three HIV antigen-antibody assays.Methods Twenty-two samples of HIV seroconversion serum panels and thirty-seven HIV acute infected plasm samples from our laboratory collected from cohort study of men who have sex with men between 2009 and 2011,were assayed by ECLIA,CLIA and ELISA methods.All assays were evaluated for the ability to detect HIV in the window period,and the sensitivity of each assay for acute samples was analyzed.Chi square test was used for statistical analysis.Results The ability of detecting HIV in the window period of each assay was different.For HIV seroconversion serum panels,the results of ECLIA and CLIA assays were consistent,and the window period was shortened at least 1 to 5 days compared with ELISA assay.For HIV acute samples,all were HIV positive by ECLIA or CLIA assay,but for ELISA assay,94.6％ was positive.For samples before seroconversion,ECLIA and CLIA assay had the same sensitivity (93.5％),which is superior to ELISA assay (71.0％) (x2 =5.14,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The ability of detecting HIV in the window period was different for each assay.The results of ECLIA and CLIA assay are consistent,superior to ELISA assay.

Objective:To test the expression of Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7(MCM7) protein in hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC) of different species including human, rat and tree shrew (tupaia) by cross-species oncogenomics approach, and to investigate the relationship between the expression of MCM7 and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. Methods:Western blot and Immunohistochemistry were applied to detect the expression levels of MCM7 protein in HCC tissues,corresponding HCC-adjacent liver tissues and normal liver tissues collected from different species including human, rat and tree shrew, respectively. The clinicopathologic factors were also analyzed with the results of Immunohistochemistry. Results:Western blot analysis showed that the expression of MCM7 protein in HCC tissues of human and rat were higher than that in corresponding HCC-ad-jacent liver tissues and normal liver tissues, respectively and significantly (P<0.05). However, the expression of MCM7 protein in HCC tissues of tree shrew were also higher than that in corresponding HCC-adjacent liver tissues and normal liver tissues, but no significant difference was found among three types of tissues (P>0.05).There was also no significant difference between HCC-adjacent liver tis-sues and normal liver tissues in three species (P>0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MCM7 protein was mainly ex-pressed in nucleus of HCC cells, and the positive rate of MCM7 protein in HCC tissues of human, rat and tree shrew were significantly higher than that in corresponding HCC-adjacent liver tissues and normal liver tissues, respectively (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between HCC-adjacent liver tissues and normal liver tissues (P>0.05). Moreover, the protein level of MCM7 was intimately related to patient's HCC stage, extrahepatic metastases and postoperative recurrence (P<0.05). Conclusion:MCM7 protein might play a pivotal role in hepatocarcinogenesis. In addition, it was probably related to patient's HCC stage, extrahepatic metastases and postoperative recurrence. It seems very likely that MCM7 may be applied as a new molecular target in HCC prevention and treat-ment.

Objective To explore the basic ingredients of the tree shrew’ s( Tupaia belangeri) milk and compare with the dairy ingredients of other milks.Methods We select ten seed tree shrews after delivery ( 1 ~21 ) d with lactation mother tree shrews, and use artificial passive breastfeeding method let the young tree shrews suck breast milk,we took the milk from the young tree shrews in the stomach, directly using aseptic operation with a syringe immediately, once every two days, for consecutive three to five times, and a total of 18 mL milk was taken from each seed tree shrew.Then the milk was detected according to the national standard method for component testing.Results The total solid content of the tree shrew’ s milk was 43.63%, including 26.01%of fat, 10.41%of protein, 0.45% of lactose and 0.99%of ash content.Compared with cow's milk, the tree shrew’ s milk contained 3.36 times of total solid contents, 1.24 times of ash, 2.74 times of protein, 6.67 times of fat, and 0.09 times of lactose.Compare with baby formula milk, the tree shrew’ s milk contained 1.44 times of total solid contents, 0.20 times of ash, 0.58 times of protein, 1.53 times of fat, and 0.06 times of lactose.The trace mineral composition of the tree shrew’ s milk showed that the calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and iron contents were 1.83 times, 2.73 times, 1.25 times, 1.93 times, 1.28 times, and 1.48 times higher than those in the cow's milk, and were 0.66 times, 0.85 times, 0.34 times, 0.26 times, 0.85 times, 0.24 times lower than those in baby formula milk.Conclusions The main nutrients of tree shrew’ s milk is of high fat, high protein and low sugar, and it can provide a basis for tree shrews artificial brood and breeding work.

Objective To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance black-blood thrombus imaging (BTI) of the stage of disease in intracranial venous and sinus thrombosis(CVT).Methods From June 2015 to October 2016,37 patients with CVT diagnosed with routine imaging examinations in Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled prospectively,and they also underwent BTI examination.The patients were randomly divided into either a acute group (≤14 d,n=23) or a chronic group (>15 d,n=14) according to the time from the onset of symptoms to BTI.Signal to noise ratio(SNR) and contrast to noise ratio(CNR) difference between acute and chronic CVT groups were compared.The magnetic resonance venography (MRV) examination was used as a reference to calculate the accuracy of BTI on per-segment level.Results (1) The SNR and CNR of thrombosis in the acute group and chronic group were 206±97 and 94±41,201±96 and 86±40,respectively.There was significant difference between two groups (t=4.9 and 5.0 respectively;all P<0.01).(2) In 37 patients with CVT,the thrombi in 159 cerebral veins and venous sinus segments were detected with MRV.BTI identified the thrombi accurately in 152 vascular segments,and the thrombi in 352 vascular segments were eliminated.The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 95.6% (152/159) and 98.0% (352/359) respectively.Conclusion Achieving direct angiography of cerebral venous thrombosis,BTI technique can accurately differentiate acute or chronic thrombus.It has higher accuracy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of serum containing Scutellaria Barbata extract (ESB) on apoptosis rate and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) of liver cancer cell line H22 from mice in vitro. METHODS: H22 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into 5 groups: blank control group, low-dose ESB group, medium-dose ESB group, high-dose ESB group and fluorouracil (5-Fu) group. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was utilized to determine the proliferation rates of H22 cells. Cellular morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope (EM). The rhodamine 123 was used as a fluorescence probe to label the H22 cells, and the fluorescence intensities were observed with a laser scanning confocal microscope. The fluorescence intensity of H22 cells indicated the MTP of H22 cells. RESULTS: The inhibition of serum containing ESB on the proliferation of H22 cells in vitro was observed in a time-dependent manner. The typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed after incubation with ESB-containing serum in high dose for 48h. The apoptosis rates of blank control group, 5-Fu group, low-dose ESB group, medium-dose ESB group and high-dose ESB group were (0.51+/-0.32)%, (11.26+/-2.97)%, (1.07+/-0.46)%, (3.15+/-1.12)%, (7.83+/-2.25)% respectively. ESB could reduce the MTP of H22 cells from mice as compared with the untreated group. The MTPs of the blank control group, 5-Fu group, and low-, medium- and high-dose ESB groups were (245.45+/-67.37), (127.42+/-41.35), (213.68+/-65.52), (186.34+/-56.37) and (142.65+/-39.44) respectively, which were negatively correlated with the apoptosis rates. CONCLUSION: ESB-containing serum effectively induces apoptosis, which may be related to the decrease of MTP in H22 cells.

Exosomes are vesicles released into extracellular cells by fusion of intracellular polyvesicles and cell membranes. Exosomes are secreted by a variety of cells and exist in a variety of body fluids. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which can participate in the information exchange between cells. Exosomes secreted by CNS cells are involved in the occurrence and development of CNS diseases. Recent studies have shown that exosomes can not only serve as early diagnostic markers for CNS diseases, but also have therapeutic potential for CNS diseases. In this paper, the development, diagnosis and treatment of CSF exosomes in CNS diseases were reviewed.

Objective:To observethe influence of electroacupuncture (EA) on histomorphologies of lacrimal glands, cornea and conjunctiva in experimental dry eye syndrome, and to explore the repair effects of EA on lacrimal glands and ocular surface damage. Methods:Twenty-four healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, an EA group and a medication group, 6 rabbits in each group. Experimental dry eye syndrome models were prepared in rabbits by using 0.1% benzalkonium chloride for eye drops. Tear secretion volume, break-up time of tear film (BUT) and corneal fluorescein staining score were observed before and after the treatment. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining method was used to observe the changes of conjunctival goblet cells in rabbits. After hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining, morphological changes of rabbit cornea, conjunctiva and lacrimal gland tissues were observed under light microscope. Results: Compared with the normal group, tear secretion volume and BUT were significantly reduced (bothP<0.01), while the corneal fluorescein staining score was significantly increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, tear secretion volume and BUT were significantly increased, while the corneal fluorescein staining score was significantly decreased in the EA group and the medication group (allP<0.01). Compared with the normal group, the number of conjunctival goblet cells in the model group was significantly reduced; compared with the model group, the numbers of conjunctival goblet cells were all relatively higher in the EA group and the medication group. Pathological lesions of cornea, conjunctiva and lacrimal glands all showed improvement by HE staining in the EA group and the medication group after the intervention. Conclusion:EA can improve tear secretion and tear film stability of rabbit dry eye syndrome, and repair the pathologic lesions of conjunctival goblet cells, corneal epithelia, cornea, conjunctiva and lacrimal glands.

Objective:To implement the teaching activities for cultivating the four characteristics (innovation, development, integration, and ecology) and the four abilities (political ability, learning ability, cross-border ability, and driving force), and to provide a reference for improving the capability of service-based education in basic teaching organizations.Methods:The basic teaching organization in School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical University, was selected for research, and the action research method and the focus group interview method were used to carry out characteristic teaching activities around the cultivation of the four characteristics and the four abilities. After the implementation of these activities, Sojump, a questionnaire platform, was used to conduct a survey among full-time and part-time teachers and teaching administrators, and the effect of each activity on the cultivation of the four characteristics and the four abilities was analyzed. The strategies to enhance abilities were improved based on the results of the above analyses. SPSS 25.0 software was used for data processing, and categorical data were expressed as frequency and percentage.Results:The data analysis showed that through cultivation of the four characteristics and the four abilities, each designed activity had a remarkable effect on improving the capability of service-based education in the basic teaching organization, with a mean value of 80.77%(63/78)- 91.03%(71/78), and only the activities centered on "integration" had a relatively low value of "obvious effect", which accounted for 64.10%(50/78).Conclusion:Under the guidance of the new concept of "New Medicine" and with the opportunity of capacity building, a series of teaching activities focusing on the four characteristics and the four abilities can effectively improve the capability of service-based education in basic teaching organizations in colleges and universities through targeted ability training.

Food additives are a kind of chemical substances added to food to enhance the taste,color and shelf life of food,and have become an indispensable part of the modern food industry.However,growing researches showed that synthetic chemicals used as food additives can be potentially harmful to health.Some food additives may be closely related to asthma,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,heart disease,cancer,obesity and other health problems.In addition,some food additives may also interfere with hormone secretion,affect growth and development,and affect the healthy growth of children.This study reviews the damage effects of various food additives,such as preservatives,antioxidants,and colorants on body,and proposes the need to improve the safety evaluation of food additives from the perspective of the combined action of chemicals,in order to provide a scientific basis for food safety supervision and consumer health protection.