Objective To investigate the relationship of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway with the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and its role in radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis.Methods HSC was treated with 6 MV X-ray irradiation (IR) together with the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.The cells were divided into inhibitor group,10 Gy IR group,10 Gy + inhibitor group,20 Gy IR group,an 20 Gy + inhibitor group and blank control group.Then cell apoptosis rate was detected,the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in cell supernatant and the mRNA expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and phosphorylation protein kinase B (p-Akt) were measured.Results Compared with the control group,the apoptosis rate of 10 and 20 Gy IR group increased with irradiation dose (t =8.43,11.63,P ＜0.05) but they were reduced by the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt (t =8.09,4.88,P ＜0.05).The expressions of TGF-β1,α-SMA,and p-Akt also increased with irradiation dose (t =6.91,7.80,9.28,P＜0.05) but they were declined by this inhibitor for both 10 Gy IR (t =6.17,15.11,10.34,P＜0.05) and 20 Gy IR (t =10.04,6.85,23.84,P＜0.05).Conclusions X-ray irradiation could activate HSC through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which may further result in hepatic fibrosis.

Exosomes are vesicles released into extracellular cells by fusion of intracellular polyvesicles and cell membranes. Exosomes are secreted by a variety of cells and exist in a variety of body fluids. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which can participate in the information exchange between cells. Exosomes secreted by CNS cells are involved in the occurrence and development of CNS diseases. Recent studies have shown that exosomes can not only serve as early diagnostic markers for CNS diseases, but also have therapeutic potential for CNS diseases. In this paper, the development, diagnosis and treatment of CSF exosomes in CNS diseases were reviewed.

Lactoferrin in milk is a multifunctional protein. In addition, lactoferrin has antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity. In this study, the N-terminus from porcine lactoferrin (PLF-N) was designed to express the antimicrobial action of recombinant porcine lactoferrin. We cloned a 1077 bp fragment of the PLF gene from mammary gland tissue of the lactating sow at the third day. Comparing nucleotide sequence with four strains of PLF gene published on GenBank, the homology was more than 99%. With the reference template of the cloned fragment of PLF-N and optimizing codon bias, we synthesized the gene of N-terminus encoding porcine lactoferrin (PLF-NS). The high expression gene of PLF-NS was cloned into the fusion expression vector pET30b and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). After induced with Isopropyl beta-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), the target fusion protein was successfully expressed and identified in inclusion bodies by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The protein had a molecular weight of 42 kDa and accounted for 32% of the total cellular protein. After purification and renaturation, the purity of the expressed protein was 98%. The expressed PLF-NS protein showed obviously antibacterial activity. This method provides an excellent way for high expression of antimicrobial proteins when optimizing codon bias.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Lactoferrin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Swine

Objective:Under the background of "new medical science", to construct a whole-process education path with "education as the driving force - moral cultivation as the core", and to provide a decision-making basis for the reform, innovation, and development of humanistic quality education in medical colleges.Methods:Five-year clinical medical students (freshman to fifth graders) from Qiqihar Medical University were selected as the research objects. The evaluation model and questionnaire of humanistic quality of clinical medical students were constructed by literature analysis. The Questionnaire Star platform was used to investigate and collect data by random sampling of clinical medical undergraduates, and the data results were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 to explore the path of building the whole-process education.Results:The empirical research on the cultivation of humanistic quality of medical students showed that the average humanistic attitude score of medical students was (3.47±0.75) points. From the perspective of gender, the scores of humanistic cognition, attitude, and behavior of male students were 2.81, 3.68, and 3.22 points, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those of female students (2.52, 3.22, and 2.95 points, respectively) ( P<0.05). The data from freshmen to the fifth graders showed that humanistic cognition, attitude, and behavior scores all presented an increasing trend with the grade. Using the "Knowledge, Attitude/Belief, Practice" model, it was found that the cognitive rate of humanistic quality of medical students was relatively ideal, and the awareness rate of medical students in different grades was different. The cross analysis showed that the effect of ideological morality and political literacy education on medical students in medical colleges had a significant cross-relationship with multiple choice questions. Conclusion:The humanistic quality of clinical medical students needs to be improved, and the cultivation of medical humanistic quality should run through the whole process from the first year to the fifth year, so as to improve the comprehensive training of professional ability and promote the all-round development of medical students.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the risk of increase in total cholesterol （TC） and the risk of cholelithiasis by using bidirectional Mendelian randomization （MR）. MethodsThe open gwas public database was used to obtain the single nucleotide polymorphism data associated with TC and cholelithiasis， and a secondary data analysis was performed for all summary data of genome-wide association studies. The genetic loci closely associated with TC or cholelithiasis were selected as exposure or outcome variables， and the bidirectional MR analysis was performed using the methods such as Egger regression， Weighted median， IVW random effects model， and IVW fixed effects model， with odds ratio （OR） values for evaluating the causal relationship between TC and cholelithiasis. ResultsWith TC as the exposure and cholelithiasis as the outcome， TC-cholelithiasis had an overall OR value of 0.91 （95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.85‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.97） before elimination of heterogeneity and 0.93 （95%CI： 0.89‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.97） after elimination of heterogeneity. With cholelithiasis as the exposure and TC as the outcome， TC-cholelithiasis had an overall OR value of 0.20 （95%CI： 0.06‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.65） before elimination of heterogeneity and 0.28 （95%CI： 0.10‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.83） after elimination of heterogeneity. There was a bidirectional causal relationship between genetically predicted TC and cholelithiasis. ConclusionThis study confirms the bidirectional causal relationship between TC and cholelithiasis. The risk of cholelithiasis decreases with the increase in alleles associated with the elevation of TC level； on the contrary， the risk of elevated TC level decreases with the increase in alleles associated with the onset of cholelithiasis.

Objective To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and newly named "metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)" and the value of HP infection combined with traditional risk factors in predicting MAFLD. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 350 patients who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities and underwent carbon-13 urea breath test from January 2017 to December 2021, and according to whether fatty liver disease was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound, they were divided into MAFLD group with 190 patients and non-fatty liver disease group with 160 patients. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for MAFLD. Results Compared with the non-fatty liver disease group, the MAFLD group had significantly higher body mass index ( t =8.73, P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure ( Z =-3.67, P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure ( Z =-3.62, P < 0.05), triglyceride ( Z =-8.93, P < 0.05), fasting blood glucose ( Z =-9.13, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase ( Z =-2.03, P < 0.05), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( Z =-8.56, P < 0.05), proportion of male patients ( χ 2 =12.09, P < 0.05), and proportion of patients with hypertension ( χ 2 =37.91, P < 0.05), diabetes ( χ 2 =73.62, P < 0.05), overweight/obesity ( χ 2 =42.82, P < 0.05), hypertriglyceridemia ( χ 2 =59.12, P < 0.05), or HP infection ( χ 2 =4.53, P < 0.05), as well as a significantly lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( Z =-6.81, P < 0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose (odds ratio [ OR ]=1.255, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.091-1.445, P < 0.05), HP infection ( OR =1.899, 95% CI : 1.048-3.440, P < 0.05), hypertension ( OR =2.589, 95% CI : 1.468-4.567, P < 0.05), diabetes ( OR =2.202, 95% CI : 1.123-4.315, P < 0.05), overweight/obesity ( OR =4.571, 95% CI : 2.308-9.052, P < 0.05), and hypertriglyceridemia ( OR =4.187, 95% CI : 2.411-7.271, P < 0.05) were risk factors for MAFLD, and it also showed that HP infection combined with traditional risk factors significantly increased the risk of MAFLD in subjects with diabetes, overweight/obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension ( OR =12.267, 14.005, 7.911, and 7.364, all P < 0.05). Conclusion HP infection is associated with an increased risk of MAFLD, and its combination with traditional risk factors may further increase the risk of MAFLD.