Objective·Giving the ovariectomized (OVX) mice exogenous estrogen replace therapy (ERT) so as to explore the inflammatory mechanism of estrogen in the pain modulation of OVX mice.Methods·Twenty-four 12-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomized into three groups:sham group (S),ovariectomy+placebo group (P),ovariectomy+estrogen group (E).The ERT began from one week after OVX and last for four weeks.Paw withdraw threshold (PWT) and paw withdraw latency (PWL) were measured at one day before OVX,and three days,one week,two weeks,three weeks,four weeks and five weeks after OVX.Concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in serum were measured at three days and five weeks postoperatively.Five weeks after operation,the lumbar intumescentia of spinal cord was taken and the expression of p38 was analyzed by Western blotting.Results·All the OVX mice's PWTs or PWLs were decreased after operation compared with non-operation mice;PWTs and PWLs were significantly different from group S separately from one week and three days after OVX (P＜0.01).The inflammatory cytokines of OVX mice were significantly higher than group S (both P＜0.01) at three days after OVX.Western blotting results showed that the p38 of group P was significantly higher than that of group S after five weeks postoperatively (P＜0.01).By receiving ERT,both PWTs and PWLs of group E increased slightly and were significantly different from group S (P＜0.01) at four and five weeks after OVX.At five weeks after OVX,inflammatory cytokines of group E were significantly lower than group P (P＜0.01) but still much higher than group S (P＜0.01).Meanwhile the content of p38 in group E was less than that in group P (P＜0.01).The p38 in group E was still more than group S,however it was no longer significantly different from group S (P＞0.05).Conclusion·Estrogen may reduce concentrations of inflammatory cytokines through the p38 MAPK pathway and plays an important role in the pain modulation of OVX mice.

Objective To construct and identify adenovirag (Ad-RUNEP) carrying human B-endorphin(B-EP) genes which can be regulated by mifepfistone (RU486)-inducible system and to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of RU486 on the transgene expression in adenovirus in vitro.Methods The shuttle plagmid pDC312一RUNEP carrying B-EP genes which can be regulated by RU486-inducible system was constructed and was combined with adenovims to form a recombinant Ad-RUNEP using AdMAXTM system.The recombinant Ad.RUNEP was then amplified and purified.The titers of the adenovirus were determined and the adenovirus vector was checked.After being infected by Ad-RUNEP for 24 h,A431 cell line was incubated in liquid culture media containing RU4860,10-10,10-9,10-8,10-7,and 10-6 mol/L respectively(group R0-5) for 48h,and Was then transferred to liquid culture media containing no RU486.The liquid culture media were obtained on 1st.2nd and 4th day of incubation and centrifuged.The supematant Was collected for determination of B-EP concentration by ELISA.Results The analysis of enzyme-incision demonstrated that RU486 regulating system and B-EP were cloned directly into pDC312-RUNEP.The titer of Ad-RUNEP was 2.25×1010 pfuml.The expression of B-EP was significantly higher in group R1-s than in group R0 and was significantly lower in group R1-3 than in group R4 (P

Objective: To study the effects of genistein on the proliferation and cell cycle progression of human gastric carcinoma cells. Methods: 3H TdR incorporation test was used to investigate the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle arrest. Immunocytochemistry technique and Western blotting were used to observe the cyclin B and P21 waf1/cip1 protein expression. Results: Genistein inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells significantly, arrested cell cycle progression at G 2/M phase, and enhanced cyclin B and P21 waf1/cip1 protein expression in dose dependent manner. Conclusion:Proliferatory inhibition and G 2/M arrest of human gastric carcinoma cells after treated with genistein may be due to increased stability of cyclin B protein and the expression of P21 waf1/cip1 .

Objective To analyze the clinical presentation of functional dyspepsia in Chinese ado lescents.Methods A stratified,randomized study by cluster sampling was employed,which recruited 51 956 students from high and primary schools in six provinces and two cities.All students were requested to fill in a questionnaire.Functional dyspepsia was diagnosed according to Rome Ⅱ criteria.Results Among 51 956 students,10 174 were diagnosed as functional dyspepsia(accounted for 19.58%).Heart burn,hiccup and air swallowing to terminate hiccup were major symptoms of functional dyspepsia.The upper abdominal distention,epigastric pain,anorexia and insomnia were common in boys than girls with no significance(P＞0.05).The belching,early satiety,fatigue and anxiety were significantly higher in girls than boys.Conclusions Functional dyspepsia is a common disorder among the adolescents.Educa-tion and psychotherapy are important in the treatment of students with functional dyspepsia.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Jianpi-Yishen Decoction in treating sarcopenia aged patients with syndrome of spleen-kidney deficiency and cold-dampness. Methods:Eighty-two sarcopenia aged patients admitted to Beijing Longfu hospital from January of 2018 to May of 2019 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group with 41 patients in each group according to the random number table. Patients in the control group were given routine western treatment such as nutritional support. In the observation group, the patients were given Jianpi-Yishen Decoction based on the control group. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Before and after the treatment, the upper limb muscle strength, scores of symptoms of syndrome of spleen-kidney deficiency and cold-dampness, the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, and serum level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were compared between the two groups. Results:During the treatment, one patient in the control group was dropped out. The total effective rate was 95.1% (39/41) in the observation group and 72.5% (29/40) in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=6.103, P=0.013). After the treatment, the scores of languid limbs, cold limbs, weak waist and knee, clear urine and loose stool in the observation group were obviously lower than those of the control group ( t values were 9.964, 12.510, 14.103, 13.415, 14.599, respectively, all Ps<0.01). The left hand grip strength (52.75±7.91 kg vs. 46.10 ± 7.22 kg, t=3.954) and the right hand grip strength (53.93 ± 8.09 kg vs. 48.55 ± 7.17 kg, t=3.169) were both higher than those of the control group ( P<0.01). Serum level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (23.90 ± 3.34 ng/L vs. 19.44 ± 3.15 ng/L, t=6.184) were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Jianpi-Yishen Decoction in treating sarcopenia aged patients with syndrome of spleen-kidney deficiency and cold-dampness can effectively relieve the symptoms, up-regulate serum level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with clinical efficacy.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) after thoracic surgery and its characteristic. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing major thoracic surgeries between July 2016 and March 2017 at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were enrolled in this study. Besides the routine examination, all patients were screened for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) by using noninvasive duplex lower-extremity ultrasonography after surgery. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was carried out if patients had one of the following conditions including typical symptoms of PE, high Caprini score (>9 points) or new diagnosed postoperative DVT. Caprini risk assessment model was used to detect high risk patients. No patients received any prophylaxis of VTE before surgery. Further data was analyzed for identifying the incidence of postoperative VTE. The t-test, χ² test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to analyze the quantitative data and classification data, respectively. Results: Totally 345 patients who undergoing major thoracic surgery were enrolled in this study including 145 benign diseases and 200 malignant diseases.There were 207 male and 138 female, aging from 15 to 85 years. Surgery procedures included 285 lung surgeries, 27 esophagectomies, 22 mediastinal surgeries and 11 other procedures. The overall incidence of VTE was 13.9% (48 of 345) after major thoracic surgery including 39 patients with newly diagnosed DVT (81.2%), 1 patient with PE (2.1%) and 8 patients with DVT+ PE (16.7%). The median time of VTE detected was 4.5 days postoperative. There were 89.6% (43/48) VTE cases diagnosed in 1 week. The incidence of VTE was 9.0% in patients with benign diseases, while 17.5% in malignant diseases (χ²=5.112, P<0.05). The incidence of VTE in patients with pulmonary diseases was 12.6%, among that, in patients with lung cancer and benign lung diseases was 16.4% and 7.5 % (χ²=4.946, P<0.05), respectively. Regarding to Caprini risk assessment model, the incidence of VTE in low risk patients, moderate risk patients (Caprini score 5 to 8 points)and high risk patients(≥9 points)were 0(0/77), 15.2%(33/217) and 29.4%(15/51), respectively(Z=-12.166, P<0.05). In patients with lung cancer, 98.2% of patients were moderate risk or high risk; only 3 cases scored low risk. The incidence of VTE in moderate risk and high risk patients was 13.4%(18/134) and 32.1%(9/28), respectively, while it was 0(0/3) in low risk patients. Conclusion s The overall incidence of VTE after major thoracic surgeries is 13.9%, and the incidence of VTE after lung cancer surgeries was 16.4%. Most of the VTE cases occurr within one week after the surgery. Caprini risk assessment model can identify high risk patients effectively.

Objective To analyze the aminoglycoside ( AG ) antibiotics resistance rate of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ( CRKP ) and its molecular mechanisms.Methods One hundred and four strains of CRKP isolated from 4 hospitals in Zhejiang Province from January 2013 to June 2014 were collected, including 56 strains from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine ( S hospital ), 22 from the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine ( Z hospital), 13 from Yiwu TCM Hospitals (Y Hospital) and 13 from Fuyang First People's Hospital (F Hospital).VITEK 2 Compact method and K-B disk method were used to detect the susceptibility of commonly used antibiotics including three kinds of AGs (kanamycin, gentamycin and amikacin ).PCR and sequencing techniques were used to screen the aminoglycoside resistance -related 16S rRNA methylation genes (rmtA, rmtB and armA) and the aminoglycoside modified enzyme resistance gene [aac(6′)Ⅰb].The relationship between drug resistance and carrier status of drug resistance genes was analyzed .Homologous analysis of rmtB-positive strains was performed using PFGE to examine the epidemic spread of strains in each hospital.Results All 104 CRKP strains were multi-drug resistant and had high resistance to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones ( ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin ) and nitrofurantoin.The resistance rates to gentamicin, kanamycin and amikacin were 73.1%(76/104), 64.4%(67/104) and 56.7%(59/104), respectively.The carrying rates of aminoglycoside-resistance genes were: rmtB 56.7%( 59/104 ), aac (6′)Ⅰb 17.3%(18/104), armA 1.9%(2/104); while no rmtA was detected.Thirty-seven strains did not carry the screened genes.Amikacin-resistant strains were resistant to both kanamycin and gentamicin, and both were rmtB-positive strains.The PFGE classification results showed that 104 strains were divided into 11 clonal populations, and there were scattered non-population clones in each hospital. There were seven major clonal populations (Ⅰ-Ⅶ) carrying rmtB genes, of which typeⅠ, typeⅢand typeⅤwere prevalent in S hospital ; typeⅡ, typeⅥand TypeⅦwere popular in Z hospital ; the distribution of strains in Y hospital was scattered ; F hospital had one independent clone type Ⅳ(3 strains).Conclusion AGs still have certain sensitivity to CRKP strains.The main mechanism of strain resistance to AGs is the rmtB gene-mediated 16S rRNA methylase.

Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on myocardial remodeling in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy and related mechanisms.Methods:Between January and December 2021, 60 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were chosen for the study, 40 were used to establish a diabetic cardiomyopathy model and the model was established in 28 mice, of whom, 14 were assigned to a non-intervention group and 14 to a dapagliflozin treatment group(intervention group).The rest of the 20 mice were in the control group.The mice in the intervention group were treated with dapagliflozin via oral gavage for 12 weeks.Cardiac structure and function were measured by ultrasound, the degree of myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by histology and electron microscopy, the concentrations of inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, apoptosis of myocardial cells was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL), and the level of myocardial oxidative stress was evaluated by dihydroethidium fluorescence.Results:At the end of the experiments, the body weight and fasting blood glucose in the intervention group were slightly lower than in the non-intervention group, but the difference was not statistically significant, while values from cardiac function parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction were more favorable than in the non-intervention group[(61.07±4.66)% vs.(45.8±4.80)%, t=-5.24, P<0.05].Compared with the non-intervention group, the intervention group had alleviated myocardial hypertrophy, less myocardial disarray, and reduced collagen volume fraction[(18.4±1.9)% vs.(31.8±3.7)%, t=-12.0, P<0.05].Furthermore, the concentrations of inflammatory factors in the intervention group were lower than in the control group[interleukin-6: (82.19±10.90)ng/L vs.(291.02±31.02)ng/L, t=23.8, P<0.05; tumor necrosis factor-α: (70.45±12.13)ng/L vs.(201.31±27.10)ng/L( t=16.5), P<0.05; perforin 3: (13.05±2.04)μg/L vs.(42.40±1.26)μg/L( t=45.8), P<0.05; the index of myocardial apoptosis: 1.736±0.247 vs.0.864±0.129, t=11.7, P<0.05].The level of myocardial oxidative stress in the non-intervention group was higher than in the intervention group(2.655±0.252 vs.1.274±0.298, t=-13.3, P<0.05). Conclusions:Dapagliflozin can reduce myocardial hypertrophy and inhibit myocardial fibrosis through mitigating myocardial oxidative stress and inflammatory response, thus suppressing myocardial remodeling and ultimately protecting cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy mice.

The occurrence of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)was related to disrupted sex steroid hormones,and metformin(Met)had a clinical response to sex steroid hormone-related gynaecological disease.How-ever,whether Met exerts an antiproliferative effect on BPH via sex steroid hormones remains unclear.Here,our clinical study showed that along with prostatic epithelial cell(PEC)proliferation,sex steroid hormones were dysregulated in the serum and prostate of BPH patients.As the major contributor to dysregulated sex steroid hormones,elevated dihydrotestosterone(DHT)had a significant positive rela-tionship with the clinical characteristics of BPH patients.Activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)by Met restored dysregulated sex steroid hormone homeostasis and exerted antiproliferative effects against DHT-induced proliferation by inhibiting the formation of androgen receptor(AR)-mediated Yes-associated protein(YAP1)-TEA domain transcription factor(TEAD4)heterodimers.Met's anti-proliferative effects were blocked by AMPK inhibitor or YAP1 over-expression in DHT-cultured BPH-1 cells.Our findings indicated that Met would be a promising clinical therapeutic approach for BPH by inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormone-induced PEC proliferation.

【Objective】 To clarify the hematological characteristics and current situation of chronic mountain sickness among Tibetan residents in extreme high altitude area (more than 5 000 m above the sea level) of Ali district based on the analysis of physical examination and blood test results. 【Methods】 Totally 250 Tibetan residents were selected by convenient sampling for blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and blood routine examination. Chronic mountain sickness was determined according to the hemoglobin (Hb) level and SpO2. 【Results】 The red blood cell (RBC), Hb and hematocrit (HCT) of the Tibetan residents at 5 200-meter altitude were all higher than the normal physiological reference range of China. Mean red blood cell volume (MCV), mean red blood cell hemoglobin content (MCH), mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) were in the upper limit of the reference value. The RBC, Hb, HCT and MCHC of male Tibetan residents were higher than those of females, while PLT was lower than that of females, with significant differences. There were no statistical differences in MCV, MCH or WBC among different genders of Tibetan residents. The SpO2 of the Tibetan residents was about 85% of the normal value, and the males had higher SpO2 than the females in the same age group, and the difference was statistically significant, but the heart rate did not differ significantly. The prevalence rate of chronic mountain sickness in this area was as high as 16.4%, and the prevalence rate of heavy manual workers was significantly higher than that of light manual workers, with significant differences. 【Conclusion】 The high-altitude anoxic environment causes the changes in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation of local residents, and the prevalence of chronic mountain sickness increases significantly. Labor intensity is one of the risk factors for chronic mountain sickness in high-altitude areas.