ObjectiveTo investigate the level of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) among preschool children (aged 3‒6 years) and primary and secondary school students in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination, and to provide a basis for hepatitis B prevention and control in the region. MethodsAs part of the 2023 Tonglu County Urban and Rural Residents Health Examination Program, blood samples were collected during health check-ups. Fingertip blood samples were obtained from preschool children, while venous blood samples were collected from primary and secondary school children. The anti-HBs levels in blood (positive + / negative -) were qualitatively tested using hepatitis B surface antibody test kits (latex method). The differences in anti-HBs positivity rates among different age groups were analyzed. ResultsBetween April 1, 2023 and June 30, 2023, a total of 52 919 individuals were surveyed, including 11 973 preschool children and 40 946 primary and secondary school students. The overall anti-HBs positivity rate was 39.74%, with the highest positivity rate observed among preschool children (60.20%). Age was negatively correlated with the anti-HBs positivity rate (P<0.001). No significant gender differences in anti-HBs positivity rates were observed. The anti-HBs positive rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, with statistically significant differences across school grade groups (primary grades 1‒3, grades 4‒6, middle school, and high school) (P<0.001). ConclusionThe anti-HBs positivity rate among preschool and school-age children in Tonglu County decreases with age and remains relatively low. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of hepatitis B antibody levels and promote health education among preschool and school-age children. Children who have not completed the full hepatitis B vaccination should receive timely catch-up vaccination.

Infectious keratitis (IK) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, primarily resulting from improper contact lens use, trauma, and a compromised immune response. The pathogenic microorganisms responsible for IK include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and Acanthamoeba. This review examines standard therapeutic agents for treating IK, including broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics for bacterial keratitis (BK), antifungals such as voriconazole and natamycin for fungal infections, and antiviral nucleoside analogues for viral keratitis (VK). Additionally, this review discusses therapeutic agents, such as polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). The review also addresses emerging drugs and the challenges associated with their clinical application, including anti-biofilm agents that combat drug resistance and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway-targeted therapies to mitigate inflammation. Furthermore, methods of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (PDAT) are explored. This review underscores the importance of integrating novel and traditional therapies to tackle drug resistance and enhance drug delivery, with the goal of advancing treatment strategies for IK.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.

The clinical efficacy advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound prescriptions have always been inadequately characterized in experimental research，which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of TCM pharmacology and even the progress of TCM. The concept of simultaneous treatment/regulation，guided by the theory of mutual generation and restriction of five zang-organs，has guiding significance in the clinical practice of TCM throughout history and is still widely used in the current clinical practice. However，this unique and clinically valuable diagnostic and therapeutic medication system based on the syndrome differentiation has been completely ignored in the modern research of TCM pharmacology，which might be one of the key factors restricting the pharmacological characterization of the therapeutic advantages of TCM compound prescriptions. On the basis of systematically summarizing the phased progress and achievements of the efficacy evaluation of TCM compound prescriptions，this article explores the path of exploring the pharmacological advantages of TCM compound prescriptions on simultaneous treatment/regulation on the basis of the correlation patterns of five zang-organs，from the theory of Zangxiang，the core concept of five zang-organs，and the TCM disease recognition based on the theory of mutual generation and restriction of five zang-organs. With the heart-lung correlation as a breakthrough point，this study explored a new characterization method for the pharmacological advantages of TCM，aiming to provide new ideas for evaluating the efficacy of TCM compound prescriptions.

ObjectiveThis study explores the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of Wujiwan in rats with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） from the perspectives of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） signaling pathway and T-cell immunity， providing reference for the treatment of IBD with traditional Chinese medicine. MethodThe study involved administering 2，4，6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid （TNBS） enemas to 35 rats to induce acute IBD. After 24 hours， the animals were divided into the following groups： normal group， model group， Wujiwan treatment group， and positive drug control group. Each group received gastric gavage for 8 consecutive days before the rats were dissected to compare the disease activity index （DAI） of the rat colon tissue， the colon mucosal damage index （CMDI）， and the spleen index. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of T-bet （T-box expressed in T cells） and Gata3 （Gata-binding protein-3） in the colon tissue. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the protein expression levels of PPARγ， T-bet， and nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65） in the rat colon. ResultThe rat model of IBD was successfully established. Compared with the model group， the Wujiwan treatment group showed reduced DAI， CMDI， and spleen index， decreased content of TNF-α in the serum（P<0.01）， significantly increased content of IL-10（P<0.01）， and elevated mRNA content of T-bet and Gata3（P<0.05） in the colon tissue. The expression of PPARγ protein was augmented（P<0.05）， and the expression of T-bet and NF-κB p65 protein was decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionWujiwan activates or upregulates PPARγ expression in IBD rats to inhibit the generation of pro-inflammatory factors， participates in the inflammatory immune process， and alleviates inflammatory reactions. Its mechanism may involve regulating the NF-κB pathway through PPARγ， enhancing Th2 cell transcription expression， and reducing Th1 cell transcription.

Dementia in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） mainly presents amnesia and dullness. Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia belong to the category of dementia in TCM. These progressive neurological diseases have a complex etiology and a long course， and the drugs that can reverse the disease course remain to be developed. Therefore， early intervention plays a vital role in delaying the disease progression. Apathy refers to a lack of motivation that leads to the attenuation or disappearance of goal-directed behaviors， cognitive functions， and emotional responses. Clinical studies have suggested that apathy exists in the early stage of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases， being one of the key symptoms to the early diagnosis of dementia. The severity of apathy is related to the severity of dementia. Therefore， early diagnosis and treatment of apathy are of great significance to the prevention and treatment of dementia. The preclinical research on apathy in dementia is still in its infancy， and the systematic evaluation method has not been prescribed. The clinical diagnosis and treatment are also in the exploratory stage， and the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of apathy and dementia development have not been fully elucidated. This article reviews the research progress of apathy in dementia， the apathetic behaviors of dementia animal models， the behaviors of patients with apathy， and the treatment methods in recent years and summarizes the research status of apathy in dementia. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the behavior of apathy in dementia and conducting preclinical research and evaluation of the pathogenesis and to lay a foundation for the treatment of apathy in dementia.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history of application in China and has consistently played a vital role in treating diseases and saving lives. TCM prescriptions （compounds） constitute the primary form of clinical TCM treatment and significantly differ from western medicine （chemicals） due to the diverse composition and chemical constituents of TCM （compounds）. Nevertheless， the potential multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway action characteristics of TCM prescriptions also demonstrate their possible （complementary） therapeutic advantages when compared with single-component chemical drugs. Therefore， driven by the development of modern science and technology and the demands of the modernization and internationalization of TCM， modern theories regarding the complexity of TCM prescription effects have been continuously proposed： Different from the abstract language of traditional prescription theory， the modern TCM prescription theory is more inclined to illustrate the connotation of prescription compatibility concretely and vividly from an experimental and scientific perspective. In this paper， new theories on the complexity of TCM prescriptions proposed in recent years are summarized to provide research references and ideas for the greater role of TCM prescriptions and a better scientific understanding.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.

Objective:To grasp the degree of coordinated development and spatial distribution characteristics of medical service prices,medical service capacity and regional economic level,so as to promote the benign and coordinated development of medical service prices and various systems.Methods:The entropy value method is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and the coupling coordination degree model is used to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between medical service price,medical service capacity and regional economic level in the sample provinces,and carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:The price of medical services was moderately coupled to the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy,and there was moderate dependence between the systems;the price of medical services was poorly coordinated with the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy;the coordination between the current price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and the level of the regional economy did not have a spatial aggregation and radiation effect in space.Conclusion:Coordination between the price of medical services in China and the capacity of medical services and regional economic level needed to be strengthened urgently.Suggestion:The capacity of medical services should be quantitatively evaluated and the formation of medical service prices should be guided,the coordination and linkage between medical service prices and macroeconomic levels should be strengthened,and efforts should be made to enhance the regional equilibrium of China's medical service price policy.