AIM:To investigate the dissolvability of thundergodvine extract(Tripterygium wilfordii) and triptolide in different dissolvent in transdermal drug delivery system and to study the relationship among dissolvability of extract,and its active component and mean diameters of suspension. METHODS:To determine dissolvability of extract,dissolvability of active component and mean diameters by precipitation method,dissolvability of active component method and mean diameters method. RESULTS:① solvents in sequence of dissolvability of extract,alcohol,isopropanol,ethyl,IPM,water,glycerol;② solvents in sequence of dissolvability of active component alcohol,isopropanol,ethyl,IPM,water,glycerol;③ mean diameters of suspension in sequence:IPM,ethyl,alcohol,isopropanol. CONCLUSION:① The change in dissolvability between extract and active component is identical;② The relationship between the changes in mean diameters and the dissolvent of active component is negative correlation on the whole.

To study the enrichment regulation of anammox bacteria during the whole start-up process of anammox reaction, two reactors with addition of carries of Spherical Plastic (SP) and Bamboo Charcoal (BC) and one without carrier (CK) were used to start anammox reaction. Then FISH and q-PCR analyses for the growth of all anammox bacteria were conducted during the operational process. The results indicate that the number of anammox bacteria in all reactors increased with time during the whole start-up process, which was consistent with the removal rate of ammonium and nitrite. On day 123 of stable phase, the percent of anammox cells in the sludge of CK, SP and BC accounted for 23.3%, 32.6% and 43.7%, respectively. The number of anammox bacteria 16S rRNA gene copies was (25.64 +/- 2.76) x 10(7), (47.12 +/- 2.76) x 10(7) and (577.99 +/- 27.25) x 10(7) copies g(-1) VSS in the sludge of CK, SP and BC, respectively. Carrier addition could dramatically increase enrichment of anammox bacteria. BC addition significantly increased the anammox bacteria number in the UASB reactor which resulted in the acceleration of the anammox start-up process. In addition, the max specific growth rate and the minimum doubling time were 0.064 d(-1) and 10.8 d in BC reactor. The max specific growth rate of anammox bacteria in BC reactor was 1.78 times and 1.88 times greater than that in CK and SP reactor, respectively. Therefore, the FISH and q-PCR analyses were suitable for determining the enrichment regulation of anammox bacteria during the start-up time, while a bit of differences in results existed between the two analytical methods due to the difference in analysis targets.
Ammonia ; metabolism ; Bacteria ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Bioreactors ; Industrial Microbiology ; Nitrites ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sewage ; microbiology

In order to simultaneously remove carbon and nitrogen from organic-rich wastewater, we used an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed/blanket (UASB) reactor that was started up with anammox with high concentration of carbon and nitrogen by gradually raising the organic loading of influent. We optimized the removal of nitrogen and carbon when the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration varied from 172 to 620 mg/L. During the entire experiment, the ammonium and total nitrogen removal efficiency was higher than 85%, while the average COD removal efficiency was 56.6%. The high concentration of organic matter did not restrain the activity of anammox bacteria. Based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and tapping sequencing analyses, the Planctomycete, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi bacteria are detected in the UASB reactor, which indicated complex removal pathway of carbon and nitrogen coexisted in the reactor. However, a part of Planctomycete which referred to anammox bacteria could tolerate a high content of organic carbon, and it provided help for high performance of nitrogen removal in UASB reactor.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ; Bioreactors ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Sewage ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Waste Water ; chemistry

Objective To explore the current status of job satisfaction of clinical medical staff and factors that influence the job satisfaction,and to put forward coping strategies and suggestions for improving the job satisfaction of clinical medical staff,so as to maintain workforce stability.Methods The paper will investigate the job satisfaction of clinical medical staff by sending questionnaires to all doctors and nurses working in a hospital,and use descriptive analysis and T test statistic method to analyze the current status of job satisfaction of questionnaire receivers as well as different dimensions of job satisfaction among different population groups.Results More than 85％ of questionnaire receivers think that the job they are doing is at higher risk.Over 80％ feel stressed out by their jobs.Less than 35％ are satisfied with their occupations,social status,working status,job security,and promotion opportunities.Less than 15％ feel respected by their jobs.Conclusions Generally,questionnaire receivers' job satisfaction is low.Heavy workload and poor quality of life are leading factors that contribute to their low job satisfaction.In this sense,we should adopt various measures to give attention to these key population groups.

Objective To evaluate the role of serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) signaling pathway in isoflurane preconditioning-induced inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore protein (mPTP) opening during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C);I/R group;isoflurane preconditioning group (group IPC);Akt inhibitor MK-2206 group (group MK).Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion.In group IPC,1.5％ isoflurane was inhaled for 30 min followed by 45 min washout,and then the model of myocardial I/R injury was established.In group MK,MK-2206 300 μg/kg (in dimethyl sulfoxide) was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before isoflurane inhalation.At 2 h of reperfusion,8 rats were selected and sacrificed,and the hearts were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size.At 2 h of reperfusion,8 rats were selected,and blood samples were collected from the right internal jugular vein for determination of serum cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed,and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of the expression of phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) in cytoplasm and mitochondria (by Western blot) and co-expression of p-GSK-3β with adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT),voltage-dependent anion channel or cyclophilin D in myocardial tissues (using co-immunoprecipitation).At 2 h of reperfusion,8 rats were selected and sacrificed,myocardial cells were obtained,and the opening time of mPTP was determined with a laser scanning confocal microscope.Results Compared with group C,the myocardial infarct size and serum cTnI concentrations were significantly increased,and the expression of p-GSK-3β in cytoplasm and mitochondria was up-regulated in I/R and IPC groups,the co-expression of p-GSK-3β with ANT was significantly down-regulated,and the opening time of mPTP was shortened in group I/R,and the co-expression of p-GSK-3β with ANT was significantly up-regulated,and the opening time of mPTP was prolonged in group IPC (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the myocardial infarct size and serum cTnI concentrations were significantly decreased,the expression of p-GSK-3β in cytoplasm and mitochondria was up-regulated,the co-expression of p-GSK-3β with ANT was significantly up-regulated,and the opening time of mPTP was prolonged in group IPC,and the opening time of mPTP was significantly prolonged (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the other parameters in group MK (P＞0.05).Compared with group IPC,the myocardial infarct size and serum cTnI concentrations were significantly increased,the expression of p-GSK-3β in cytoplasm and mitochondria was up-regulated,the co-expression of p-GSK-3β with ANT was significantly down-regulated,and the opening time of mPTP was shortened in group MK (P＜0.05).No co-expression of p-GSK-3β with voltage-dependent anion channel or cyclophilin D was found in myocardial tissues.Conclusion The mechanism by which isoflurane preconditioning inhibits mPTP opening during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion is partially related to activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression among the patients with diabetic foot and analyze the influence factors. Methods One hundred and ten patients with diabetic foot were inquired and assessed with patient health questionnaire for self-administered measurement (PHQ-9), meanwhile, the demo-graphic data, metabolic data and diabetes behaviors were also investigated. Results Prevalence of depression was 47.3%. Logistic regression analysis showed that alternation of diarrhea and astriction (OR = 6.901, P =0.017) and formication (OR = 23.401, P = 0.009) were risk factors, and medical insurance (OR = 0.217, P =0.007) was a protective factor. Conclusions Depression is a frequent mental disorder in patients with diabet-ic foot and its influence factors include alternation of diarrhea and astriction , formication and medical insur-ance .

Objective Through the network informatization management, postoperative pain assessment, nursing records, process the results into the network electronic medical records, more standardized postoperative pain management, improve the effectiveness of postoperative analgesia. Methods A total of 3 680 patients after the operation from November to December in 2015 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the operation time. In November for the traditional postoperative pain management in control group (1 850 cases), in December as observation group (1 830 cases), with Hospital Information System and Anesthesia Information System, all of the records in the postoperative pain management content network electronic information management, according to the degree of pain and analgesia method to select a different form, data sharing, wrong alarm to remind, handle in time. To establish a network of WeChat public platform to perform health education and information communication. The analgesia effect and patient′s satisfaction were compared between two groups. Results The incidence of incomplete pain was 12.5%(231/1 850) in control group and 4.2%(77/1 830) in observation group, and there was significant difference between two groups(c2= 82.22, P<0.01). The satisfaction score was (5.9 ± 3.7) points in observation group and (4.4 ± 2.6) points in control group, and there was significant difference between two groups(t = 2.10, P<0.05). Conclusions Postoperative pain management network informatization can effectively improve the effect of postoperative analgesia, improve work efficiency.

Pelvic inflammatory disease sequela (chronic pelvic inflammation) is one of the diseases that affect women's health conditions, and leads to large economic burden. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) plays an impor-tant role in treating pelvic inflammatory disease sequela (chronic pelvic inflammatory). However, due to the lack of Evidence-based Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Technical Essentials of CMM in Treatment of Pelvic Inflamma-tory Disease Sequela (Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory), non-standard phenomenon often appears in the research liter-ature, such as the selection of research methods, viewpoint of research, determination of cost, effect and utility. Thus, the publish of Evidence-based Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Technical Essentials of CMM in Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Sequela (Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory) is essential for the pharmacoeconomic evalua-tion of CMM in treating pelvic inflammatory disease sequela (chronic pelvic inflammatory).

Objective To evaluate the impact of fish oil (ω-3 fatty acids) parenteral nutrition (PN) on outcomes for non-ICU postoperative patients.Methods PubMed,Embase,Cochrane,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Database etc.were searched to retrieve the eligible studies published from January 2010 to June 2016.The studies included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of supplementation of fish oil (Omegawen) in PN regimens for postoperative patients on clinical outcomes.The methodological quality assessment was based on Jadad scale and Schulz allocation concealment tool.Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software.Results 19 RCTs,1 170 surgical patients,were included.Meta-analysis indicated that short-term fish oil supplementation significantly reduced the incidence of infectious complications [RR =0.44,95％ CI (0.31,0.64),P ＜0.000 1] and shortened the length of hospital stay [MD =-0.85,95％ CI (-1.67,-0.03),P=0.04],while with no significant effect on mortality [RR =0.42,95％ CI (0.07,2.63),P =0.36] and total expenditure of hospitalization [MD =-216.60,95％ CI (-718.94,285.75),P =0.40].Sensitivity analysis showed similar results.Conclusion According to existing evidence,fish oil in PN for surgical patients could reduce the incidence of postoperative infectious com-plications and shorten the length of hospital stay.

Objective To explore whether paraquat (PQ) can induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in human peripheral blood.Methods Neutrophils were isolated from healthy human peripheral blood,and the cells were identified by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) strain.The cells were treated with different concentrations of PQ [0 (as control),200,400,600,800,1 000 and 1 200 μmol/L],and the cell viability was measured by cell proliferation and CCK-8 cytotoxicity detection kit,and the median lethal concentration of PQ was selected.The cells were treated with the median lethal concentration of PQ (PQ poisoning group),and the untreated cells were served as the control.Immunofluorescence staining was adopted to evaluate NETs formation.PicoGreen dye was used to determine the quantitative content of circulating free DNA.Western Blot was used to determine the expressions of citrullinated histone 3(H3Cit) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the supernatant.Results The purity of neutrophils was about 95％ by HE staining.The cells were treated with different concentrations of PQ,and the result showed that the viability of cells was (58 ± 2)％ with 800 μmol/L PQ for treatment.The immunofluorescence showed that there were few expressions of H3Cit and MPO in neutrophils in the control group,and there was no NETs formation,which was composed of DNA,H3Cit and MPO.Compared with the control group,a large amount of NETs was generated from neutrophils stimulated by 800 μmol/L of PQ.Meanwhile,quantitative result showed that the content of cell free DNA in the supernatant was significantly increased in PQ poisoning group as compared with that of control group (μg/L:2 235 ± 462 vs.561 ± 87,P ＜ 0.01).The protein expressions of H3Cit and MPO in the supernatant were also significantly increased as compared with those of control group [H3Cit protein expression (gray value):0.23 ± 0.03 vs.0.11 ± 0.01,MPO protein expression (gray value):0.47 ± 0.05 vs.0.21 ± 0.04,both P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion 800 μmol/L of PQ can induce the formation of NETs in human peripheral blood.