Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a critical disease in clinical practice and has a mortality rate as high as 80％.At present,there are still no ideal therapeutic measures for ACLF.Stem cell transplantation has unique advantages in the treatment of ACLF;however,there are still some issues regarding the research on stem cell transplantation,which limit its clinical application.This article elaborates on conventional treatment methods,source of stem cells,transplantation approach,and related issues,in order to provide help for further studies.

Pelvic inflammatory disease sequela (chronic pelvic inflammation) is one of the diseases that affect women's health conditions, and leads to large economic burden. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) plays an impor-tant role in treating pelvic inflammatory disease sequela (chronic pelvic inflammatory). However, due to the lack of Evidence-based Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Technical Essentials of CMM in Treatment of Pelvic Inflamma-tory Disease Sequela (Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory), non-standard phenomenon often appears in the research liter-ature, such as the selection of research methods, viewpoint of research, determination of cost, effect and utility. Thus, the publish of Evidence-based Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Technical Essentials of CMM in Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Sequela (Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory) is essential for the pharmacoeconomic evalua-tion of CMM in treating pelvic inflammatory disease sequela (chronic pelvic inflammatory).

Objective To investigate the relationship between level of serum tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) and the antitumor effects of cantharidin sodium vitamin B6.Methods Forty advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients aged 30 to 80 were divided into experimental groups [paclitaxel + cisplatin (TP program) and sodium cantharidate vitamin B6] and control group (only TP program).Peripheral blood was drawn in the day of admission and the seventh day,the level of serum TNF-α and IL-12 were detected by method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),the results were analyzed.The World Health Organization (WHO) anticancer drugs in acute and subacute toxicity grading criteria were used to grade the chemotherapy side effects.Results The level of serum TNF-α and IL-12 were no significant difference on admission.After chemotherapy,serum TNF-α and IL-12 of experimental group was significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.000 and P ＜ 0.037,respectively).The serum TNF-α and IL-12 of experimental group had upward trend after chemotherapy.After 3 months of treatment,the remission rate was 85.7％ in experimental group,significantly higher than 57.8％ in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).White blood cells,and platelets decrease in the experimental group were significantly reduced than the control group (P ＜ 0.001 and P ＜ 0.009,respectively),and there are no significant difference in nausea and vomiting reaction between experimental and control groups.Conclusions The antitumor effects of cantharidin sodium vitamin B6 might be related to the high level of serum TNF-α and IL-12,cantharidin sodium vitamin B6 in combination with chemotherapy in patients can reduce white blood cell and platelet decline after chemotherapy.

Objective: To examine the causal relationship between endometrial cancer and breast cancer using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Genetic association data of endometrial cancer were collected through a meta analysis, including 54 884 participants and 9 464 330 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and genetic association data of breast cancer were collected through the Breast Cancer Society Consortium, with 228 951 participants and 10 680 257 SNPs. A forward MR analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method with 8 endometrial cancer-associated SNPs as instrumental variables and breast cancer as the study outcome, and a reverse MR analysis was performed with 112 breast cancer-associated SNPs as instrumental variables and endometrial cancer as the study outcome. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran's Q test, the horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using the MR-PRESSO test and MR-Egger regression, and the robustness of the results was verified with the leave-one-out. Results: Forward MR analysis results showed that patients with genetically predicted endometrial cancer had an increased risk of breast cancer compared to those without endometrial cancer (OR=1.083, 95%CI: 1.037-1.132). Reverse MR analysis showed that patients with genetically predicted breast cancer had an increased risk of endometrial cancer compared to those without breast cancer (OR=1.070, 95%CI: 1.010-1.134). Cochran's Q test detected no heterogeneity (P>0.05), and neither the MR-PRESSO test nor the MR-Egger regression revealed horizontal pleiotropy of instrumental variables (both P>0.05). Leave-one-out analysis showed robustness of the MR analysis results. Conclusion There are bidirectional causal relationship between endometrial cancer and breast cancer.

Objective To investigate genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N.gonorrhoeae) isolates from Guangzhou city in 2014,and to analyze the relationship of N.gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NGMAST) sequence types (STs) with ciprofloxacin resistance.Methods An agar dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin in 97 N.gonorrhoeae isolates from Guangzhou city.PCR was performed to amplify the gyrA,parC,porB and tbpB genes from these isolates,followed by gene sequencing and determination of NG-MAST STs.Results Of the 97 N.gonorrhoeae isolates,95 (97.9％) were resistant to ciprofloxacin,including 41 high-level (MIC ≥ 16 mg/L) and 54 low-level (1 mg/L ≤ MIC ＜ 16 mg/L) resistant strains.Mutations were detected at codons 91 and 95 encoding serine in the gyrA gene of all the 95 ciprofloxacin-resistant strains,and in the parC gene of 93 resistant strains.The frequency of the mutation at codon 87 in the parC gene was 85.4％ (35/41) in high-level resistant strains,significantly higher than that in low-level resistant strains (59.3％[32/54],x2 =7.64,P ＜ 0.05).MAST STs were successfully determined for all the 97 N.gonorrhoeae isolates except 1 isolate with incorrect PCR amplicons.Of the 96 genotyped isolates,50 were assigned to 35 known STs by using the NG-MAST website (www.ngmast.net),among which,10 STs each contained 2 to 4 isolates.The most common ST was ST5309.Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the 96 genotyped N.gonorrhoeae isolates could be classified into 2 groups,and the proportion of isolates with MIC ≥ 16 mg/L is 46.4％ (39/84) in group 1,but only 1/12 in group 2 (x2 =6.27,P=0.012).Conclusions High-level resistance of N.gonorrhoeae to ciprofloxacin may be mainly associated with the mutation at codon 87 in the parC gene.NG-MAST STs may be related to the degree of ciprofloxacin resistance.

Objective To investigate associations of UC with the polymorphisms of TRAIL receptors.Methods From January 2008 to December 2012, 380 consecutive UC patients [215 males and 165 females, the average age was (42.63 ±14.61) years] as well as 539 sex-and age-matched healthy individuals [290 males and 249 females, the average age was (41.29 ±15.86) years] were recruited from four large scale comprehensive hospitals in Wenzhou city.Five single nucleotide polymorphisms of DR4 (rs20575, rs13278062), DR5(rs1047266), DcR2(rs1133782) and OPG (rs3102735) were detected by a SNaPshot technique.Distributions of mutant alleles and genotypes for targeted polymorphisms in TRAIL receptors were analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. By means of unconditional Logistic regression analysis, it evaluated associations between the polymorphisms and the risk of UC attack as well as the clinical features of UC patients.Furthermore, an unconditional Logistic multiple regression analysis was employed to investigate the independent risk factors of UC and their multiplicative interaction effects on UC.Results The frequencies of mutant allele (G) and genotype (CG+GG) of DR4(rs20575) were higher in UC patients than those in the controls (3.55%vs 1.95%,χ2 =4.512, P=0.034;6.58%vs 3.71%,χ2=3.938, P=0.047, respectively).However, the frequeucies of mutant allele ( A) and genotype ( GA+AA) of DcR2(rs1133782) were decreased in UC patients compared to the controls(6.18%vs 9.09%,χ2=5.183, P=0.023; 11.32% vs 17.44%, χ2 =6.589, P=0.010, respectively).The frequencies of mutant allele (T) and homozygote (TT) of OPG(rs3102735) were significantly higher in UC patients than in the controls (86.32% vs 81.54%, χ2 =7.385, P=0.007;75.26% vs 66.98%, χ2 =7.346, P=0.007, respectively) .Furthermore, the genotype (GG) of DcR2 (rs1133782) was found to be the independent risk factor for UC attack (OR=4.937, 95%CI:2.320-10.504, P<0.001).Moreover, the (GG) of DcR2(rs1133782) and (CC) of DR4(rs20575) had an interactive effect on UC (OR=0.322, 95%CI:0.164-0.633, P=0.001).The same conclusion was drawn for the ( GG) of DR4( rs20575) and (TT) of OPG(rs3102735) (OR=1.580, 95%CI:1.165-2.144, P=0.003).Conclusions The genetic polymorphisms of DR4 ( rs20575 ) , DcR2 ( rs1133782 ) and OPG ( rs3102735 ) were associated with UC. The mutation of DcR2(rs1133782) might play a protective role in UC.Moreover, the DcR2(rs1133782) and DR4(rs20575) gene had a collaborative effect on UC.So did the DR4(rs20575) and OPG(rs3102735) genes.

Objective: To study the efficacy of relieving the postoperation pain by using mesh to stuture and fixate tissue during transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty (TAPP) in inguinal hernia patients. Metholds: A retrospective analysis of 156 patients with inguinal hernia who underwent TAPP in Nanhai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University from January 2016 to January 2017 was conducted, they were males, the average age was 50.84 years and the age range was from 33 to 62 years. Patients were divided into sacral nail group (n=120) and absorbable line group (n=36) according to the different methods of fixation of the iliac crest. Among them, the patients in the sacral nail group were fixed with iliac screws, and the patients in the absorbable line group were sutured with absorbable sutures. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) was used to compare the extent of postoperative pain in both groups. After the operation, through the outpatient review and telephone follow-up for 1 year, observed the recurrence of inguinal hernia in both groups. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Mean±SD), t-test was used for comparison between groups; the Chi-square test was used to compare the count data between the two groups. Results: Among them, 19 patients with moderate pain after operation in the nail group had an incidence of 15.8%. Two patients with moderate pain in the absorbable line group had an incidence of 5.6%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ²=2.511, P=0.013). The pain VAS of the patients in the sacral nail group was (3.08±1.36), and the absorbable line group was (2.50±0.91), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=2.973, P=0.001). All patients had no recurrence after outpatient review and telephone follow-up for 1 year. Conclusion In TAPP, the application of absorbable suture fixed patch can effectively reduce postoperative pain.

Objective To investigate the correlation between decoy receptor (DcR) 1,DcR2,osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of Crohn's disease (CD) in Han population in Zhejiang province.Methods From April 2008 to July 2017,at the Department of Gastroenterology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Central Hospital of Wenzhou and Renmin Hospital of Wenzhou,285 patients diagnosed as having CD were enrolled,and during the same period 572 healthy individuals who received health checkup at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were collected as healthy control.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of DcR1 (rs12549481),DcR2 (rs1133782) and OPG (rs3102735) were examined by SNaPshot technique.An unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the differences in each SNP mutation alleles and genotype frequencies between CD group and control group.Furthermore,their correlation with clinicopathological features of CD and the efficacy of corticosteroid and infliximab was also evaluated.Results The frequencies of mutant allele A and genotype GA + AA of DcR2 (rs1133782) of CD group were 11.93％ (68/570) and 22.81％ (65/285),respectively,which were higher than those of healthy control group (8.22％,94/1 144;and 15.91％,91/572;odds ratio (OR) =1.513,95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.088 to 2.104,P =0.013;OR =1.562,95％ CI 1.094 to 2.230,P =0.014).However there was no statistically significant difference in the mutant allele and genotype frequencies of DcR1 (rs12549481) and OPG (rs3102735) between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The frequencies of mutant allele C and genotype TC + CC of DcR1 (rs12549481) in patients with stricturing CD were 13.89％ (25/180)and 27.78％ (25/90),respectively,which were lower than those of patients with non-stricturing,non-penetrating CD (27.68％,62/224 and 48.21％,54/112),and the differences were statistically significant (OR =0.421,95％ CI 0.252 to 0.705,P =0.001;OR =0.413,95％ CI 0.229 to 0.747,P =0.003).Besides,the frequencies of mutant allele A and genotypes GA + AA of DcR2 in patients with penetrating CD were 7.23％ (12/166) and 13.25％ (11/83),which were lower than those of patients with non-stricturing,non-penetrating CD (15.62％,35/224 and 30.36％,34/112),and the differences were statistically significant (OR =0.407,95％ CI 0.205 to 0.809,P =0.009;OR =0.350,95％ CI 0.165 to 0.743,P =0.005).In addition,there was no statistically significant difference in the frequencies of mutant allele and genotypes of OPG (rs3102735) among subtypes of CD with different features (all P ＞ 0.012 5).Moreover,the DcR1 (rs12549481),DcR2 (rs1133782) and OPG (rs3102735) polymorphisms were not correlated with the efficacy of corticosteroid and infliximab (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions DcR1 (rs12549481) mutation may be correlated with stricturing CD.DcR2 (rs1133782) mutation may be correlated with CD,especially with penetrating CD.However,the gene polymorphism of OPG (rs3102735) is not correlated with the risk of CD susceptibility.And the above gene SNP may be independent of the efficacy of corticosteroid and infliximab.

Objective To detect the changes in the immune function of opioid-dependent subjects during the withdrawal stage through the administration of Jitai tablet.Methods Subjects were treated as Jitai tablet alone,Jitai tablet plus buprenorphine and placebo,in a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial.Before and after the 14th day of withdrawal,levels of immunoglobulin (IgM,IgA,IgG),T cell subsets (CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4,IFN-γ/IL-4) were detected.Results Compared with healthy people,immunity function before withdrawal among the opioid abusers showed higher levels of IgM,IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4 and lower level of CD3+ T,as (1.67 ± 0.87) g/L,(14.44 ± 13.50)％,(20.23 ± 15.10)％,(1.97 ± 1.59)％,(47.01 ± 13.62)％,respectively,with difference statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no big difference of other immunity indicators between the two groups (P＞0.05).At the 14th day of withdrawal in placebo group,levels of IL-4 returned to normal while IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio increased by 3.43 times (P＜0.05).Levels of IgA,IgG,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio fluctuated within normal range.There were no significant changes in other immunity indicators (P＞0.05).Compared with placebo group,fluctuation of IgG and IgM decreased in Jitai group during withdrawal period,together with a normal level of IgM at the 14th day.Level of IL-4 abnormally rose up by 0.54 times in Jitai tablet plus buprenorphine group,while IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio been switched back at the 14th day of withdrawal.Other immune indicators were not affected by medical interventions.Conclusion We noticed that certain impairment of the immune function might be restored by Jitai tablet during the withdrawal period.

Objective:To evaluate the effect and safety of monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor (CGRP-mAbs) on migraine.Methods:Database of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, Wangfang digital journals were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CGRP-mAbs in treatment of migraine. Quality of enrolled literature was assessed by the software of Review Manager 5.3 and software of StataMP14 was employed to conduct meta analysis.Results:A total of 13 RCTs were included, including 6 218 adult migraine patients (experimental group: 2 679 patients, placebo group: 3 539 patients). Meta analysis suggested that CGRP-mAbs for preventive treatment of migraine significantly reduced the monthly migraine days from baseline (standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.35, 95% CI-0.4--0.3) and monthly acute migraine-specific medication consumption from baseline (SMD=-0.38, 95% CI-0.43--0.32), as compared with placebo group. CGRP-mAbs for preventive treatment of migraine significantly increased the ≥50% reduction from baseline in migraine days per month ( RR=1.65, 95% CI 1.54-1.76). The adverse events were similar between the CGRP-mAbs group and placebo group ( RR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.10). Conclusion:CGRP-mAbs are effective and safe for preventive treatment of migraine.