There are many subjects related to anesthesiology and the band between anesthesiology and clinical practicevery is close. So students can not be proficient in anesthesiology by traditional teaching methods. The use of three-dimensional case teaching method in anaesthesiology teaching is a good attemptment. three-dimensional case teaching method integrate case method, multimedia technology and clinical case. It can help medical students analyze and solve clinical problems, improvetheir academic performance and enhance their clinical basic skills.

0.05);the difference on d3 with that on d9 was significant(P0.05);the difference on d3 with that on d7 and d9 was significant(P

As an important member of tool enzymes, exonuclease is a kind of hydrolytic enzymes without strict base sequence dependent. In recent years, by taking advantage of different hydrolysis ways of exonuclease and nanotechnology, cycle effect of enzyme digestion, aptamer, non Watson-Crick base pairing system by metal ions, fluorescent nucleic acid probes, electrochemical methods etc. , a series of exonuclease-assisted signal amplification strategies have been developed, which played a very key role in improving the sensitivity of detection methods. Therefore, exonuclease has been widely used in high sensitive detection of nucleic acids, proteins, ions, small molecules and so on. To understand it better and apply it well in the future, the application progress of exonuclease-assisted signal amplification strategies in biochemical analysis has been summarized in this review.

Abstract A novel luminol electrochemiluminescence strategy based on titanium dioxide/carbon nanotubes ( TiO2/CNTs) nanocomposites for detection of glucose was developed. First, the TiO2/CNTs nanocomposites were prepared by a sol-gel method and modified on the glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemiluminescence ( ECL) signal could be greatly enhanced when the electrode was established by the nanocomposites, which finally resulted in the increased sensitivity. Glucose oxidase calalyzed the oxidation of glucose to form H2 O2 , and the H2 O2 reacted with luminol to produce the ECL signal. Thus the above system was proved to be efficient for glucose detection. The modified electrode exhibited excellent ECL signals and a good linear range of 1. 0í10-7-5. 0í10-6 mol/L with a detection limit of 5. 2í10-8 mol/L towards glucose detection. This strategy was successfully demonstrated as a sensitive, rapid, simple and cost-effective method to detect glucose. Meanwhile, the TiO2/CNTs nanocomposites offered a novel material for the signal enhancement in electrochemiluminescence sensor.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine ( DEX) on the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein ( CHOP) pathway during lung ischemia-reperfusion ( I/R) in mice.METHODS:C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into sham operation group ( sham group) , lung ischemia/reperfusion group ( I/R group) , ischemia/reperfusion +normal saline group ( I/R+NS group ) and ischemia/reperfusion+dexmedetomidine group ( I/R+DEX group) .Dexmedetomidine was infused intraperitoneally with 25 μg/kg for 30 min prior to the ischemia period in I/R+DEX group, the normal saline was administrated with the same volume of dexmedetomidine in I/R+NS group.After fini-shed the 3 h-reperfusion period , the left lung tissues were harvested to determine lung wet/dry weight ( W/D) , the total lung water content ( TLW) , and index of quantitative evaluation for alveolar damage ( IQA) .Morphological observation and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling ( TUNEL) were applied to evaluate the structure changes and the apoptosis index (AI) of the lung tissues.The expression of CHOP and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) at mRNA and protein levels in the lung tissues was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.RESULTS:Compared with sham group, the W/D, TLW, IQA, AI, the mRNA and protein expression of CHOP and GRP78 obviously increased, and the left lung tissues structure were damaged more obviously both in I/R group and I/R+NS group.Compared with I/R group, the W/D, TLW, IQA, AI and the protein and mRNA expression of CHOP in I/R+DEX group decreased, the injury of the left lung tissue structures induced by I/R in I/R+DEX group were also alleviated .CONCLUSION:DEX alleviates the
lung I/R injury, which may be related to inhibition of apoptosis mediated by CHOP pathway.

Purpose To study the malignant transformation after treating rat oval cell line ( WB-F344 ) with chemical carcinogen N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine ( MNNG) . Methods WB-F344 cells were cultured with MNNG for severe times. The biological characteristics of induced cells were detected through the following methods:to check proliferation activity by flow cytometry analysis, to examine malignant transformation degree of induced cells by soft agar assay and tumor formation in NOD/SCID mice, and to investi-gate the transcriptional and protein levels of hepatocellular carcinoma marker GGT, GST-P by real time-PCR. Results Oval cells in-duced by MNNG showed changes in biological characteristics and malignant molecular markers. Conclusion Hepatic oval cells model is successfully established, which can be confirmed by tumor formation in NOD/SCID mice.

AIM: To investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor 10 ( FGF10 ) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-induced microglial activation .METHODS:Mouse BV2 microglial cells were maintained in DMEM in a humidified incubator with 95%/5%( V/V) mixture of air and CO 2 at 37℃.The medium was changed every 1 or 2 d.The cells were digested and passaged every 4 or 5 d.The BV2 microglial cells were first pretreated with FGF 10 (1 mg/L) for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS (500 μg/L).The medium and the cells were collected at different time points .The morphologi-cal changes of microglia were visualized under microscope .To evaluate the microglial activation , the transcription and pro-duction of proinflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.RESULTS:The morphology of control BV2 microglia showed circular or oval shape .After exposure to LPS for 24 h, the microglia revealed spindle shaped or multipolar morphology , and the percentage of activated cells was significantly increased compared with control group.Pretreatment with FGF10 successfully inhibited the morphological change from normal to activated shape .LPS sti-mulation for 6 h significantly increased the transcription of TNF-α, while FGF10 pretreatment remarkably reversed the effect.In addition, the production of TNF-αincreased in the presence of LPS stimulation for 24 h compared with control group.Pretreatment with FGF10 suppressed LPS-induced TNF-αexpression.CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with FGF10 inhibits the morphological change from normal to activated shape , and remarkably suppressed the transcription and produc-tion of TNF-α.FGF10 successfully suppresses LPS-induced BV2 microglial activation , indicating that FGF10 is a therapeu-tic agent for the treatment of glia-mediated neuroinflammatory diseases .

Objective:To determine the immunological effects of a new type adjuvant CTA 1-DD/IgG.Methods:Intranasal im-munization of BALB/c mice with OVA in combination with adjuvant CTA 1-DD or CTA1-DD/IgG.Blood samples were subjected to OVA-specific IgG Abs detection and IgG subclass profiles assessment using ELISA.Splenic plasma cells secreting anti-OVA Abs were detected by ELISPOT.Results:CTA1-DD/IgG showed stronger activity in inducing OVA-specific IgG Abs and splenic Abs-secreting cells compared with CTA1-DD.The enhancement of IgG1,IgG2a and IgG2b Abs were observed,and the ratio IgG2a/IgG1 were >1 in both groups.Conclusion: CTA1-DD/IgG can exert enhanced adjuvant effects compared with CTA 1-DD.Mixed IgG subclasses are induced,indicating a more balanced Th1/Th2 response.

The study introduced the general evaluation indicator system for community health services in Shanghai and its characteristics,analyzing the results of the comprehensive evaluation from the aspects of regions and institutions.From six aspects of financial input,human resource construction, operation mechanism,family doctor system,information system construction and the application of the comprehensive evaluation results,the paper recommended on deepening the reform of community health services.

Objective To evaluate the measurement uncertainty of flavonoids in loquat honey by UV spectrophotometry. Methods Through analyzing the whole process of the total flavonoids in loquat honey by UV spectrophotometry detection,the mathematical model was established,the uncertainty factors were determined,and each uncertainty was evaluated.Then the combined uncertainty was calculated and the expanded uncertainty of the measurement results at the 95％ confidence interval was given. Results The measurement uncertainty of the totle flavonoids content in loquat honey by UV spectrophotometry was (38.497±5. 674) μg?g-1 . Conclusion The uncertainty evaluation method is suitable for determination of the total flavonoids in loquat honey by UV method,and the uncertainty is mainly introduced by preparation of reference stock solution and standard curve fitting.