OBJECTIVE:To learn the way to improve innovation efficiency of technological development and achievement transformation stages in pharmaceutical industry in China. METHODS:The input and output data of pharmaceutical industry in 28 provinces(regions,cities)of China from 2001-2013 were estimated by using stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)so as to obtain in-novation efficiency of two stages. According to average efficiency of two stages,pharmaceutical industry of 28 provinces(regions, cities)were divided into 4 categories for further analysis. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The innovation efficiency of pharmaceuti-cal industry in China was 0.626 2 at technology development stage and 0.567 8 at transformation stage,indicating they were not high either and the transformation efficiency was lagged behind the development efficiency. The coefficient of variation of innova-tion efficiency at transformation stage(0.274 2)was higher than development stage(0.194 5),indicating the difference degree of innovation efficiency at transformation stage was larger than at development stage. The areas with higher efficiency in both stages were in Eastern and economically developed regions,and the Western region with rich natural resources had higher efficiency at technological development stage,indicating region economic level or resource advantages created the conditions for the pharmaceuti-cal industry to enhance the innovation efficiency. It is suggested to further strengthen scientific achievement communication between pharmaceutical enterprises and pharmaceutical research institutions,and pay more attention to develop national medicine and tradi-tional Chinese medicine in Western region.

Objective To discuss the relationship among Big Five-Personality, Resilience and General Health of the new recruits in a certain troop. Methods 205 new recruits completed the questionnaires, which include NEO Five-Factor Inventory ( NEO-FFI) , Connor-Davidso Resilience Meter (Chinese version) , and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results The neuroticism trait of personality positively correlated to General Health( r = 0.50, P<0.001) and significantly predicted mental disease (β =0.4, P<0.01). The self-strengthening dimension of resilience was negatively related to general health ( r = - 0. 51 , P<0. 01 ). Furthermore, self-strengthening played partial mediating role between neuroticism and general health ( Sobel Z =2. 92, P<0. 01). Conclusion The neuroticism trait of personality is a risk factor for new recruits'mental health, while self-strengthening is a protective factor for it.

Objective To investigate the clinic features and risk factors for central nervous system (CNS) infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods Clinical data of 18 cases of hospitalized lupus patients with CNS infection were analyzed retrospectively.Thirty-three lupus patients without CNS infection were selected as control. Results There were significant differences between the CNS infection group and control group in the dosage of corticosteroid used for pulse therapy (22% vs 3%, P<0.05), the aver-age dosage of corticosteroid used within one year (35±18 vs 24±17, P<0.05), peripheral blood leukocyte count (4.4±3.4 vs 6.7±2.9, P<0.05) and lymphocyte count (0.7±0.6 vs 1.5±0.7, P<0.01), and clinical outcome (mortality rate was 22% vs 0, P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical manifestations of CNS infection may be atypical. Large-dosage corticosteroid therapy, higher daily dosage of corticosteroid used, decreased peripheral lymphocytes and leucocytes counts are risk factors of central nervous system infection in lupus patients.

Objective To study the brain development in infants of diabetic mother. Methods The development of cerebral grey matters and white matters was evaluated in 64 infants of pregnant diabetic mother by echoencephalography and medical image analysis system. The parameters were compared with 101 infants of non-diabetic mother. The early brain response function of newborns was assessed. The neurodevelopment after neonatal period was also evaluated. Results The brain in infants of diabetic mathers was immature.The average values of grey density in thalami (76.92?6.60) were significantly lower in full term infants of diabetic mathers than that of the infants of non-diabetic mathers (84.72?6.35). These were also obvious in white matters of frontal lobe [(62.68?5.21) vs (67.60?4.09)] and occipital lobe [(73.39?5.67) vs (78.61?2.95)] (P

Objective To understand Present condition of separation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its drug-resistant tendercy in patients with lower respiratory trace infection in our hospital.Methods To make a statistical analysis of durg sensitive tests of 182 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa form thos samples of patients with lower respiratory trace infection detected from October 2005 to August 2007.Results 1031 strains of pathogenic bacteria were separated from 1409 sample of lower respiratory trace tract,and pseudomonas aeruginosa 182 strains and 17.65% of them are PA,results of drug sensitive test indicate that Paare resistant to gentamycin CN SMZ CTX GAT etc.Conclusion The infection and drug resistance of pare wery severe now,it isbeneficial to rational use of drugs to keep abreast of current drug-resistant condition.

Objective To study the hypoglycemic effect of total flavonoids from stems and leaves of scatellaria baicalensis (SSTF)on diabetic mice and to explore the therapeutic mechanism.Methods Diabetic mice models were established by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan(200 mg/kg),and the changes of mice blood glucose ,superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdelyde content were observed after preventive or curative treatment with SSTF.Results Preventive treat- ment with SSTF can obviously inhibit the increase of mice blood glucose induced by alloxan ,and the therapeutic treat- ment with SSTF can lower the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice.Both preventive and therapeutic treatment groups can increase serum superoxide dismutase activity and decrease malondialdelyde content.Conclusion SSTF have significant preventive and therapeutic effects on diabetic mice,and the mechanism is related to the anti-oxidation activity.

Objective To investigate the release and intracellular localization of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1(HMGBl)in the peripheral blood monocytes of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients and the inhibitive effect of thaiidomide.Methods 19 RA patients and 20 healthy controls were included in the study.Monocytes were separated from peripheral blood with Ficoll density gradient centrifugation.Monocytes were treated with 100 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor α(TNFa)or 100 ng/ml TNFα plus 40 μg/ml thalidomide and grown in an incubator at 37℃ with 5%CO,for 24 hours.The cuIture supernatants of the monocytes were collected.HMGB1 level in the culture medium was detected with Western blot.In addition,the intraceUular localization of HMGB1 in the fflonocytes was investigated with immunocytochemical analysis. Results Without stimulation. the release of HMGBl protein was significantly increased in the culture supernatants of peripheral blood monocytes from RA patients as compared with that from healthy controls(P<0.05).TNFα(100 ng/ml)did not further increase the release of HMGBl in the monocytes from the patients with RA.Thalidomide(40 μg/ml)could inhibit the release of HMGB1 in the monocytes from RA patients stimulated with TNFα(P<0.05).In the monocytes from RA patients,HMGBl was mainly localized in the nucleus.Treatment with TNFOL(100 ng/ml)for 24 hour resulted in a cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1,which was inhibited significantly by thalidomide. Conclusion TNFα induces the release and cytoplasmic translocation of HMGBI in the peTipheral blood monocytes of RA patients and thalidomide inhibits the release and translocation of HMGB1.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of anti-β2 glycoprotein Ⅰ(anti-β2GP Ⅰ)antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and to assess their association with lupus thrombocytopenia.Methods Anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibodies were tested in 108 SLE patients(including 37thrombocytopenia patients),30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and 30 healthy individuals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The clinical features and laboratory findings were collected,and the associations of anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibody with laboratory findings and disease activity were analyzed.Results Sensitivities of anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibody were 19.44%(21/108)in SLE and 10%(3/30)in RA,respectively.The specificity of anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibody was 95.0% in SLE.The anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibody titers of the SLE group were significantly higher than normal group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant correlation between anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibodies and thrombocytopenia(r =-0.028,P ＞0.05).Anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibody was positively correlated to anticardiolipin antibody(r = 0.566,P ＜ 0.01).No associations were found between anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibody and other clinical and laboratory features.There was no statistical correlation between the level of anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibody and SLEDAI scores.Conclusions Anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibody had high specificity in SLE.There was no significant correlation between anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibodies and lupus thrombocytopenia.

Objective To investigate the possible roles of Langerhans cells(LCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)in the pathogenesis of condyloma acuminatum(CA). Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 23 patients with CA and from perilesional normal skin of 13 of the 23 patients. The expressions and distribution of CD1a, CD2AP and CD123 were analyzed using the streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical method. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the density and percentage of CD1a + LCs, CD2AP + pDCs and CD123 +pDCs between lesional skin and perilesional normal skin. Results Most CD1a + LCs were observed in the prickle cell layer of the epidermis, and a few in the papillary layer of the dermis. There was no significant difference in the density or percentage of CD1a+ LCs in the epidermis or dermis between the lesional and perilesional skin specimens (all P > 0.05). CD2AP + pDCs and CD123 + pDCs were distributed mainly in the papillary layer of the dermis, and their density and percentage were significantly higher in the lesional than in the perilesional skin specimens (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Human papillomavirus infection may affect the quantity of pDCs but not LCs in local mucous membranes.

BACKGROUND:There are some controversies on the choice of immediate or delayed weight-bearing schemes of implants.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the weight bearing scheme for Bego implants based on implant stability quotient (ISQ) measured by Osstel, and to analyze the factors which influence implants’ stability.
METHODS:Seventy-four single Bego implants with ISQ≥ 50 in 62 patients were selected and randomly
divided into test group (36 single Bego implants in 31 patients) and control group (38 single Bego implants in 31 patients). Patients in the test group were given immediate loading, and patients in control group were given
delayed loading. Two groups’ ISQ of Bego implants after loading (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks) were compared, and factors which influence implants’ stability were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The lowest ISQ for immediate loading of the test group appeared in 2-3 weeks after loading, and that of the control group appeared in 3-4 weeks. There was no statistical difference between two groups on ISQ of Bego implants after bearing (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks) (P > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the factors including age, types of osseous substance and implant length were positively related with stability of Bego implants, yet oral hygiene was negatively related with stability of Bego implants. Immediate loading and delayed loading have similar stability to single Bego implants with ISQ≥ 50 measured by Osstel, so individualized weight bearing scheme may be selected according to patient’s own condition under the guidance of Osstel, further to improve implants’ success rate after loading.