Objective:To explore the cognitive modes and behavioral reply modes in order to adopt available psychotherapy to school phobia patients.Methods:Integrative psychotherapy and consulting technology were used to treat 32 patients with school phobia regularly more than 12 times.Their cognitive modes and behavioral reply error modes were induced.Results:The cognitive modes and behavioral reply modes of patients with school phobia were distinct from students that did not have school phobia.Conclusion:Error cognitive modes and passive defensive behavioral modes are the psychopathological features of school phobia.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the curative effect of Zhenggu qutong tincture on acute soft tissue injury. METHODS:140 cases of acute soft tissue injury were treated with Zhenggu qutong tincture (treatment group) and Xiaoshangtong linimentum (control group) for 6 times each day (interval of 2 h) with cure course of seven days. The total effective rate and obvious effective rate were observed while the improvement of symptoms such as pain, tenderness, swelling, dysfunction and ecchymosis were also determined. RESULTS: The total effective rates were 94.29% for treatment group and 77.14% for control group while obvious effective rates were 74.28% and 37.14% respectively with significant difference (P

Objective:To describe the prevalence of depression of internal and Chinese traditional medicine outpatient departments in different levels of general hospitals in Shenyang.Methods:Stratified multi-stage cluster randomization was used to identify 23 general hospitals for investigation, a total 7448 outpatients above 15 years of age in internal and Chinese traditional medicine outpatient departments have been investigated.Investigator used expanded version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) as a screen instrument to identify subgroups of the sample at high, moderate and low risk, then psychiatrists determined their diagnosis by using structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition(SCID-I/P) for 100% of high-risk and 40% of moderate-risk and 10% of low-risk subjects.Results:At the internal department, the overall current rate of any depressive disorders was 11.01%(95%CI: 10.05%-12.06%), and at the Chinese tradition medicine department, the overall current rate of any depression was higher (16.22%, 95%CI: 13.23%-19.87%).Conclusion:The prevalence of depression of outpatients in the Chinese tradition medicine departments of general hospitals was higher than that of outpatients in the internal medicine department.We should pay attention to depressive disorder in Chinese tradition medicine department than internal medicine department.

BACKGROUND:Individuals with different vertical facial types have different chin morphologies. For the individuals with different vertical facial types, what is the most beautiful chin morphology?
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of vertical facial types and chin morphology on facial profile attractiveness.
METHODS:Three beautiful females were selected, including one with high mandibular angle, one with average angle and one with low angle. Their facial profile photographs were taken. A series of new pictures were generated by the smal scale (2 mm per unit) modification of soft tissue chin in the sagittal direction and vertical direction. Raters consisting of 17 orthodontists and 35 laypersons were selected for aesthetic ratings, in order to evaluate the facial profile attractiveness of the individuals with different vertical facial types.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no esthetic difference of vertical change in female with high angle;while slightly protrude chin was perceived to be more beautiful than retruded chin. For the female with average angle, lower chin was more attractive than higher chin;slightly protruded chin was beautiful than excessive protruded chin and retruded chin. For the individual with low angle, higher chin was preferred by raters;slightly protruded chin was more beautiful than excessive protruded chin and retruded chin.The results indicate that the effects of vertical facial types and chin morphology to facial profile attractiveness are different. In clinical orthodontic, vertical facial types should be taking into consideration to change the chin morphology of the patents, in order to obtain better profile attractiveness.

Objective To explore the relationship between the cognitive disorders in the first episode of schizophrenia and P300 components.Methods P300 components were measured by using an auditory oddball paradigm with a Denmark KeyPoint Evoked Potentials instrument in 60 cases of schizophrenia and 3 cases of schizophreniform disorder,whose psychopathological status was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Forty healthy subjects were used as control.Results The principal component analysis of the PANSS items revealed five factors:cognitive disorder,negative symptoms,depressive disorder,hostility/excitement and delusion/hallucination.The patients had lower amplitude of P300 at Fz,Cz,Pz,T3 and T4 than the normal controls(P

In the present study, the genomic sequence characteristics of HN-JY40 strains of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from pigs in Henan Province, China, were analyzed and the evolutionary relationship between HN-JY40 and other sequenced strains examined. The whole genome of HN-JY40 was sequenced and analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3' RACE) and 5' RACE. Bioinformatic analyses were carried out with Megalign, Expasy, clustal x, and MEGA 4 software. The genome of HN-JY40 was 7 223 bp in size upon removal of polyA sequences. Sizes were 9 bp and 69 bp at 5' and 3' noncoding regions, respectively. The genome of HN-JY40 was predicted to contain three open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 (5 124 bp) encoding 1 707 amino acids; ORF2 (2 025 bp) encoding 674 amino acids; ORF3 (345 bp) encoding 114 amino acids. Phylogenetic-tree analyses indicated that HN-JY40 is a typical type-IV virus that belongs to a new subgenotype of HEV genotype 4. We sequenced and analyzed the whole genome of HN-JY40. This strategy elicited the genomic characteristics of the HEV isolated from pigs in Henan Province as well as the evolutionary relationships between HN- JY40 and other HEV isolates from pigs. We revealed that the ORF1 of HN-JY40 (153-432 nt) and human HK 104-2004 had high similarity, which offers molecular evidence for uncovering the interspecies transmission of the HEV.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis E ; veterinary ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; virology

Objective To investigate the application value of virtual touch tissue image technology (VTI) and virtual touch tissue quantification technique (VTQ) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes. Methods Fifty superficial lymph nodes were obtained, including 23 for nonspecific inflammatory, 2 for tuberculosis, 5 for lymphoma and 20 for metastasis. All lymph nodes were confirmed by biopsy pathology or follow-up after anti-inflammatory treatments and scanned by traditional ultrasound, VTI and VTQ before resections or treatments. Receiver operating characteristic curve of traditional ultrasound, VTI and VTQ was made to determine the optional cut-off point in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes and calculate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Final diagnosis was defined as the golden standard. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated by the combined application of traditional ultrasound with VTI and VTQ technology. Results Nine (evaluation value) was taken as the critical value which was scanned by both two-dimensional ultrasound and color Doppler. The ROC curve indicated that the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of conventional two-dimensional ultrasound of benign and malignant lymph nodes were 76.0%, 84.0%, 80.0%, 82.6%, and 77.8%. Taking three (critical value) as the cut-off point, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of VTI in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes were 88.0%, 64.0%, 76.0%, 71.0%and 84.2%. Taking 2.755 m/s (shear wave velocity) as the cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of VTQ in the differentiation of benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes were 80%, 92.0%, 86.0%, 90.9%and 82.1%. Defined“traditional ultrasound +VTI+VTQ series method” as using conventional ultrasound, VTI, VTQ simultaneously, superficial lymph nodes could be diagnosed with malignant or benign if each method confirmed the same diagnosis. Defined“traditional ultrasound+VTI+VTQ parallel method”as using conventional ultrasound, VTI, VTQ simultaneously, superficial lymph nodes could be diagnosed with malignant if any one method indicated malignancy, otherwise benign. Specificity of‘traditional ultrasound+VTI+VTQ series method’ was consistent with VTQ, which was 92.0%, while the sensitivity and accuracy decreased significantly, which was 64.0%and 78.0%, respectively;the sensitivity and negative predictive value increased significantly by using “traditional ultrasound +VTI+VTQ parallel method” when compared with traditional ultrasound, VTI or VTQ, almost near 100%, but declined significantly in specificity and accuracy, which was 64.0%and 82.0%, respectively. Conclusions Traditional ultrasound, VTI and VTQ have certain clinical value for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes. Combined application of traditional ultrasound, VTI and VTQ can improve the accuracy in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes effectively.

The present study aims to predict the action targets of antidepressant active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan to understand the "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" mechanism. Using network pharmacology, the reported antidepressant active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan (saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and pachymic acid), were used to predict the targets of main active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan according to reversed pharmacophore matching method. The prediction was made via screening of the antidepressive drug targets approved by FDA in the DrugBank database and annotating the information of targets with the aid of MAS 3.0 biological molecular function software. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the Xiaoyaosan ingredients-targets-pathways network. The network analysis indicates that the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan involve 25 targets in the energy metabolism-immune-signal transmutation relevant biological processes. The antidepressant effect of Xiaoyaosan reflects the features of traditional Chinese medicine in multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. This research provides a scientific basis for elucidation of the antidepressant pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of Astragalous Injection on oxidative stress and micro-inflammatory status in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS: Sixty MHD patients were included and randomized into treatment group and control group, with another 10 healthy volunteers as normal control. The patients in the treatment group were treated with Astragalous Injection and the patients in the control group were treated with normal saline for 12 weeks. A spectrophotometric method was used for the measurement of plasma concentrations of oxidative parameters including advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E (Vit E). The content of C-reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the plasma levels of AGEs, AOPP, MDA and CRP were significantly increased, while plasma level of Vit E was significantly decreased in MHD patients ( P<0.01). After Astragalous Injection treatment, the plasma levels of AGEs, AOPP, MDA and CRP were decreased as compared with the control group ( P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in plasma Vit E level between the treatment group and control group. CONCLUSION: There exist oxidative stress and micro-inflammation in MHD patients. Astragalous Injection can ameliorate the accumulation of oxidative products and micro-inflammatory status, but it has no significant effect on plasma Vit E level.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of breast neoplasms on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) and its clinical value.Methods Two hundred and twenty-five patients with breast masses unable to be diagnosed by conventional ultrasonography were examined with CEUS.The characteristics of these masses on CEUS were analyzed and compared with the results of pathology examination.Results The typical features of breast cancers on CEUS were enlarged maximum diameter of the lesions on CEUS compared to pre-contrast ( P ＜0.05),irregular shapes,heterogeneous distribution of contrast enhancement with perfusion defect or local retention of contrast signals,tortuous,massive or penetrating vessels rapidly entering and exporting from the lesions.The sensitivity and specificity of perfusion defect for breast cancer on CEUS were 89.0％ and 91.8％,respectively; the sensitivity and specificity of local retention of contrast signals for breast cancer on CEUS were 93.4％ and 92.5％,respectively.Conclusions It is valuable for CEUS in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast neoplasms clinically.