Objective To understand drug resistance in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)after antiretroviral therapy(ART).Methods Articles about drug resistance in HIV/AIDS patients after ART were retrieved from Wangfang data,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and PubMed. Meta analysis were performed.Results 15 articles (1 English and 14 Chinese) were extracted,quality score of 3,4,and 8 articles was 6,7,and 8 respectively. Heterogeneity of the included stud-ies showed the difference was significant (Q= 45.98,P<0.001),there was heterogeneity,random-effects models was conducted for Meta analysis,which revealed that the overall drug resistance rate in HIV/AIDS patients in China was 4% (4% -5% );Begg's test showed that P= 0.012,there was publication bias. After articles were excluded through sensitivity analysis,the combined effect was still 4% (4% -5% ).Conclusion The overall drug resistance rate in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients after ART is not high.

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Objective To establish a HPLC method for determining the content of Paeonol in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.. Methods Ultrasound and reflux methods were used to extract Paeonol in Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and then the content of Paeonol was determined by HPLC. It was performed on Agilent column ZORBAX SB-C18 (Stable Bond Analytical 4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m), mobile phase was methanol-water (45∶55), flow rate was 1 mL/min, column temperature was 25 ℃, and detection wavelength was 274 nm. Results The regression equation was Y=1.01?105X-9.84?102, r=0.999 9 (n=5). The standard curve was linear within the range of 0.104～0.52 ?g for Paeonol. Conclusion The method is simple and accurate with good reproducibility. It is suitable for determining the content of Paeonol in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. and control the quality control of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in process.

Childhood cancers are malignancies occured during childhood,which consist of blood-lymphatic system disorders and solid tumor,usually under the age of 15 years old.Among cancers of childhood,solid tumors account for the mainly proportion and most neoplasms are embryonic origin,which are distinctly different from the adult solid tumors.The pathogenesis of children with an oncologic disease,except from the 2 major elements heredity and environment,some experts consider that there are intense correlations between various carcinogenic environment exposure during pregnancy even progestation and childhood cancers.The placenta is a combination of embryo and the maternal tissues,while is a material exchanged organ between 2 parts.One part has a same origin with fetus biological and genetics,and the other provides comprehensive guarantee for fetus normal development in utero.The research of the placental disease of childhood cancers may have a breakthrough in the study of the etiology of pediatric oncology.

Objective To probe into the current services and outcomes of township hospitals following their transformation, and their future positioning of functionality. Methods Pinpointing townships A, B and C as samples from a district in Beijing, in which field surveys were made in the township hospitals to learn their services, service provision methods and outcomes. Results Among the current services provided by these three hospitals, those of public health and primary healthcare nature in hospital A account for 50% each; those in hospital B account for 70% and 30% respectively; those in hospital C account for 60% and 40% respectively. Recommendable services provided in these hospitals include universal coverage of medical files, management of infectious diseases, public health emergency management, and immunization. Conclusion Township hospitals as the center of the 3-tier rural health service network, deserve a repositioning of their functionality to fit the health needs of residents at large.

Objective To investigate whether poly arginine as the carrier can carry foreign proteins to penetrate the cell membrane and even penetrate the eyeball barrier.Methods Poly-Args (R9) was used as a CPP in this study.R9-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GFP were constructed.In vitro,human lens epithelial cells were treated with these two proteins.Then,MTT assay were used to detect whether the protein could affect the proliferation of the cells.Flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy were used to detect the penetrability of CPPs on the cells.In vivo,eyes of mice were treated with protein in eye drops way for 7 days.Then total protein were extracted,ELISA were used to detect the penetrability of CPPs.Results The results of MTT,flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy showed that CPPs could carry protein into cells in a dose dependent manner without affecting cell proliferation.In vivo,slit lamp showed that the mice eyeballs had no any abnormal after treated by GFP,R9-GFP,and ELISA results also showed that R9 could effectively get foreign protein into the eyeball.Conelusion R9 can carry foreign protein into the cell membrane and eyeball barrier.This study provides the basis for the eye medication and dosing mode improvement.

Objective To explore the therapy efficacy for children with primary nocturnal enuresis by meta-analysis on the efficiency of alarm treatment versus desmopressin.Methods PubMed, Central, Elesvier, CNKI and some other databases were browsed to obtain all randomized controlled trails(RCT) and to compare the therapy between alarm treatment and desmopressin.Data extraction and quality evaluation were done by methods recommended by Cochrane center.The results of short-term and long-term efficacy and compliance were analyzed by Review Manager 5.0.Results Fifty-four RCT were retrieved and 11 RCT were included in the study.There was no statistical difference between alarm treatment and desmopressin when analyzing by no wetting episode,wetting no more than 1 night per month,wetting nights' decrease over 90％ or wetting nights decrease over 50％.By 3-month follow-up after treatment stopped,alarm treatment significantly reduced the wetting nights to over 50％ or less than 1 night per month than desmopressin.By 6-month follow-ups after treatment stopped, there was no difference between alarm treatment and desmopressin when analyzed by wetting no more than 1 night.The relapse rate of desmopressin was higher than that of alarm treatment (P =0.007).However, the withdrawal and abandonment rate of alarm treatment was higher than that of desmopressin(P ＜0.000 01).Severe adverse effects were not found in both of the treatment groups.Conclusions There is no statistical difference between alarm and desmopressin therapy in short-term treatment.The efficiency of alarm device is better than that of desmopressin in long-term treatment.The follow-up of alarm treatment lost more than that of desmopressin.Desmopressin is better than the alarm treatment in compliance but has higher recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the effect of apatinib on the proliferation,apoptosis and migration of pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 in vitro.Methods Pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells were treated by apatinib in different concentrations.Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry,and the effect of apatinib on cell migration ability was observed by wound healing assay.Results In control and 10,20,30,40 and 50umol/L apatinib treatment group,the inhibitory rates of AsPC-1 cells were 0,(1.45 ±0.68)％,(16.92±0.70)％,(23.84±0.84)％,(34.35±1.55)％ and (37.33± 0.81) ％,respectively.Cell proliferation was obviously inhibited by apatinib as the concentration increased,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).In control and 20,40 umol/L apatinib treatment group,the apoptotic rates were (9.44 ± 0.18) ％,(16.62 ± 0.19) ％ and (25.42 ± 0.41) ％,respectively.Number of apoptotic cells was obviously increased by apatinib as the concentration increased,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).In control and 20,40 umol/L apatinib treatment group,the migration ability was (29.5 ± 0.7) ％,(17.4 ± 0.9) ％ and (6.6 ± 0.5) ％,which was greatly decreased as the concentration increased,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Apatinib can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells and induce apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of PTEN and VEGF gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their clinical significance. METHODS The expression of PTEN and VEGF gene were examined by using immunohistochemical S-P staining method in 10 cases of normal tissues, 20 cases of para-tumor tissues and 60 cases of LSCC. RESULTS The positive rates of PTEN in normal tissues, para-tumor tissues and LSCC were 100.0 %, 95.0 %, and 70.0 % respectively (P＜0.05),and VEGF protein showed positive expression of 20.0 %,50.0 %,73.3% in normal, para-tumor and LSCC tissues with statistical significance(P＜0.05), In LSCC, the expression of PTEN and VEGF was positively correlated with TNM stage, differentiation of tumor, cervical and distant metastasis of lymph node, 3-year survive rate of patients(P＜0.05),No significant association was observed in expression of PTEN and VEGF with tumor location,patient's age and sex(P＞0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that PTEN was negatively correlated with VEGF expression(?=-0.3948, P=0.0018). CONCLUSION The aberrant expression of PTEN and VEGF may play a role in occurrence, progression and metastasis of LSCC.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss by studying the current status of hearing loss, risk factors of hearing loss, exposure level of noise, and everyday habit of hearing in a group of university students, so as to provide information for hearing loss prevention in university students. METHOD: According to the purposive sampling method, 642 freshmen students participated in the study. Pure tone audiometry, and exposure level of noise scale were performed in all participants. RESULT: (1) According to the hearing loss criterion of WHO/PDH97.3, high frequency hearing loss, and noise induced threshold shifts, the hearing loss prevalence was 0.36%, 20.91% and 6.73%, respectively. (2) Multivariant Logistic regression analysis of high-frequency hearing loss indicated that traffic noise exposure and ear infection were risk factor of high frequency hearing loss. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of high frequency hearing loss in university students (20.91%), which was high related with traffic noise exposure and ear infection.
Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hearing Loss, High-Frequency ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Students ; Universities