OBJECTIVE:To learn the way to improve innovation efficiency of technological development and achievement transformation stages in pharmaceutical industry in China. METHODS:The input and output data of pharmaceutical industry in 28 provinces(regions,cities)of China from 2001-2013 were estimated by using stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)so as to obtain in-novation efficiency of two stages. According to average efficiency of two stages,pharmaceutical industry of 28 provinces(regions, cities)were divided into 4 categories for further analysis. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The innovation efficiency of pharmaceuti-cal industry in China was 0.626 2 at technology development stage and 0.567 8 at transformation stage,indicating they were not high either and the transformation efficiency was lagged behind the development efficiency. The coefficient of variation of innova-tion efficiency at transformation stage(0.274 2)was higher than development stage(0.194 5),indicating the difference degree of innovation efficiency at transformation stage was larger than at development stage. The areas with higher efficiency in both stages were in Eastern and economically developed regions,and the Western region with rich natural resources had higher efficiency at technological development stage,indicating region economic level or resource advantages created the conditions for the pharmaceuti-cal industry to enhance the innovation efficiency. It is suggested to further strengthen scientific achievement communication between pharmaceutical enterprises and pharmaceutical research institutions,and pay more attention to develop national medicine and tradi-tional Chinese medicine in Western region.

Objectives To investigate the serum lipid profiles in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD).Methods Serum lipid levels were cross-sectional and prospective investigated in patients with CAPD.Results Compared with those in normal controls,serum TG and apoB increased while HDL,HDL 2,apo A1/apoB and LCAT activity decreased significantly in CAPD patients.TC,LDL-ch and Lp(a) also increased in CAPD patients.Serum Lp(a),LDL-ch,apoB and apoE increased significantly following the CAPD therapy.Conclusions Hyperlipidemia is quite common in CAPD patients and serum lipid levels may change with the time on CAPD.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of occult poisoning caused by long-acting anticoagulant rodenticides.Method:Records of 12 patients from July 2008 to April 2011 diagnosed as anticoagulant rodenticide occult poisoning,who had been misdiagnosed initially at other hospitals were analyzed retrospectively.Elements from the records included clinical symptoms and signs,laboratory findings for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial prothrombin time (APTT),and initial misdiagnosis and treatment outcome at our hospital.Results:The clinical presentations of patients were insidious and serious,often presented as skin ecchymose,hematuria,menorrhagia and gastrointestine bleeding.Laboratory examinations showed prolonged PT and APTT; bleeding was controlled effectively by administoring vitamin K1 daily.There were statistical difference between PT and APTT before and after the treatment (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Coagulation disorders might be caused by the reduced acquisition in vitamin K dependent coagulation factors,which tends to be neglected due to a hidden medical history,delayed signs of poisoning,and various organs involved.A detailed patient history and systematic review may improve the diagnostic accuracy.Once diagnosed is made,vitamin K1 should be given as soon as possible.

Objective To understand the awareness and attitude about no smoking among citizens in Public Places for Olympic game.Methods 20 spots were selected at random in Qinhuangdao city,and with convenience nonrandom sampling methods,the 30 earlier encountered citizens in every spots were investigated with questionnaire in the morning(6:30-7:30),noon(11:00-12:00) and the afternoon(16:00-17:00) during October 15 to 21,2007.600 pieces of questionnaires were distributed while 528 of them were received.The data were analyzed by Chi Square Test with the software EXCEL.Results The awareness rate of the non-smoking in the Public Places was 93.70% among citizens in core area,87.34% in sub-core area,and 72.93% in the peripheral area(?2=1276.07,P

Objective To survey the status of clinical isolates multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae produ-cing KPC carbapenemase in Huizhou city of Guangdong Province .Methods 81 strains of multi-drug resistant Enter-obacteriaceae were collectded from 2009 to 2011 in Huizhou region.Modified Hodge test(MHT) was used to screen stains which may produce carbapenemase , modified three-dimensional test was used to detect ESBLs , AmpC and MBLs.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing methods were performed to confirm KPC genotypes . Results Of 81 strains multi-drug resistant enterobacteriaceae ,13 of which had passitive results were screened by modified Hodge test ,including 7 strains of Enterobacter cloacae ,4 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia and 2 strains of Escherichia coli;By modified three-dimensional test ,9 strains produced MBLs ,2 strains produced ESBLs ,1 strain pro-duced AmpC ,1 strain produced ESBLs and AmpC at the same time .KPC was amplified from a strain of Klebsiella pneumonia which produce ESBLs by PCR ,KPC-2 genetype was identified by gene sequencing .Conclusion Klebsiel-la pneumonia with KPC–2 carbapenemase has emerged in huizhou city ,but the production of metallo-beta-lactamase is the main cause that Enterobacteriaceae resist to carbapenemase drugs .

Objective: To construct effective short hairpin RNA (shRNA) recombinant plasmids targeting humanDystrophin Dp71 gene, and evaluate their interference effciency. Methods: hTree pairs of siRNA sequences targeting human Dp71 gene and one pair of control siRNA sequence were designed, synthesized, and then inserted into the pRNAT-U6.1/Neo vector. hTe shRNA recombinant vectors were evaluated by enzyme digestion and sequencing. Dp71-shRNA and control shRNA plasmids were transfected into human normal gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) and humanbronchial epithelium (HBE). Western blot was used to evaluate its interfering effciency. Results: Restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing showed that the Dp71-shRNA vectors were successfully constructed. Western blot displayed that Dp71 protein expression was reduced to a signiifcant degree atfer transfection with the 3 Dp71-shRNA plasmids, and Dp71-shRNA2 plasmid inhibit the Dp71 expression most effciently. Conclusion: Dp71-shRNA vectors have been successfully constructed. The 3 Dp71-shRNA plasmids can inhibit Dp71 expression in GES-1 and HBEC, with Dp71-shRNA2 plasmid displaying the highest inhibition effciency.

Objective To investigate the effects of edaravone on sympathetic remodeling and ventricular arrhythmias in rats myocardial infarction model. Methods A total of 65 rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (n=15), model control group(n=25),and edaravone group(n=25).Myocardial infarction model was established by ligation of the left ante-rior descending coronary artery.The edaravone group was injected intraperitoneally with edaravone (3 mg·kg-1·d-1), while the model control group and sham groups were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride soution.7 days after operation,the hemodynamics were detected and then ventricular arrhythmia at the peri-infarct zones was induced.After these studies,the expression of the signa-ling pathway NF-κB/p65, IκBα, p-IкBα at the peri-infarct zones were examined by western blotting, while the expression of GAP43 and TH were examined by immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with the sham group,the inducibility of ven-tricular arrhythmia after MI was increased,the expression of GAP43 and TH were increased significantly(P<0.05),the signaling pathway of NF-κB was activated,while compared with the model control group,all of the above were suppressed by edaravone(P<0.05). Conclusion Edaravone inhibits sympathetic remodeling and ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction, the effects of which may be partly related to the inhibition of NF-κB pathway,(P<0.05).

AIM:To study the effect of adventitia removal on vascular structure and function in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).METHODS: Thirteen-week-old male SHR(n=8) were removed their right carotid artery adventitia(SHR control group),8 age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto rats were selected as normal control group(WKY group).With all rats,the right carotid artery adventitia was removed by mechanical and chemical means,and the left carotid artery adventitia was conducted with fake operation for control.After 4 weeks,the velocity of carotid artery was detected by electromagnetic rheometer.Plasma and carotid artery angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.Lumen cross section area(LA),intraelastic layer area(IELA) and extraelastic layer area(EELA) were measured by computed video processing.The ratio of(IELA-LA)/(EELA-IELA) was calculated.The expression of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE2),extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2) and protein kinase C-?(PKC-?) protein were determined by immunohistochemistry method.The expression of ACE2 mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS:(1) The hyperplasia of intima in adventitia removal was more significantly exacerbated than that in adventitia integrity(P

AIM: To observe the short-term curative effect of Suxiao Jiuxin Pill on coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina pectoris. METHODS: 187 patients were divided into two groups at random:the treatment group with 105 cases and the control group with 82 cases. The treatment group was given Suxiao Jiuxin Pill 6 pills tid and the control group was given Compound Danshen Dripping Pill 6 pills tid orally. The treating period was 2 weeks. Before and after treatment angina pectoris was observed and electrocardiogram was determined. RESULTS: Suxiao Jiuxin Pill could significantly alleviate syndrome of CHD in patients, lessen electrocardiogram and decrease dosage of nitroglycerin. The total effective rate on angina pectoris and the effective rate in improving electrocardiogram was higher in treatment group than that in control group (P

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)symptoms in middle school students after Wenchuan earthquake.Methods:The PTSD Checklist-Civilian version( PCL-C),which included three symptom groups(A,B,and C),was used to assess the PTSD symptoms in 1960 middle school students in the disaster region through self-questionnaire.Results:(1)The general positive rate of PTSD symptoms was 78.3%,and that of B group was the highest(68.9%).(2)The rates of general PTSD and three symptom groups of PTSD were higher in girls,high grade students,minority groups,rural students,injured in earthquake and those who lost family property than in boys,low grade students,the Han nationality,urban students,not injured in earthquake and those who did not lost family property[such as,the general positive rate of PTSD symptoms:girls 82.2%,boys 73.9%,P<0.05].(3)The rates of severe PTSD symptoms in girls and rural students were higher than that in boys and urban students(27.9% vs.19.9%,26.7% vs.21.4%,Ps<0.05).Conclusions:PTSD symptoms are common among middle school students in earthquake region.Targeted measures should be taken to protect middle school students from PTSD in earthquake region.