Autophagy is a crucial biological process of eukaryotes, which is involved in cell growth, survival and energy metabolism, while the premise of the autophagy function is activated autophagic flux. It has been confirmed that impaired autophagic flux promotes pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases, especially cancer, neurodegenerative disease and tissue fibrosis, therefore the analysis of autophagic flux state is important for revealing autophagy function and the mechanism of autophagy related diseases. Given that autophagy is a dynamic process with multiple steps, it is very hard to observe the real state of autophagic flux. Summarized here is the novel concept and current approach to detect autophagic flux. This knowledge is crucial for the researching of the biological function of autophagy, and may provide some strategies for developing autophagy-related drug.

Objective To evaluate the cause and treatment of complication of percutaneous intra-arterial femoral port-catherter system(PCS) implatation. Methods Two hundreds and two patients with malignant tumors in the thorax, abdomen, pelvis and limbs were treated by using chemotherapy and lipiodol embolization via PCS. The related complications rate was 17.3%(35/202). Results The complication included incision infection delayed healing, and wound dehiscence 17.1%(6/35); local hemorrhage 5.7%(2/35); falling down and detachment of catheter of PCS 5.71%(2/35) and 2.86%(1/35) respectively loosening 2.86%(1/35) and changing direction 2.86%(1/35). The indwelling catheter blockage was 31.4%(11/35) and migrating of catheter tip was 28.6%(10/35). Most of these cases were recovered after appropriate management without any fatal and serious outcomes. Conclusions The Technique of percutaneous intra-arterial femoral port-catheter system implantation is safe and reliable. The related complication is slight and easy for management.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Xuesaitong injection on related indexes of patients with acute ST segment el-evation myocardial infarction(STEMI)before percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). METHODS:112 STEMI patients under-went PCI were analyzed retrospectively and divided into control group (48 cases) and observation group (64 cases) according to different treatment methods. Control group was given Clopidogrel sulfate tablets 300 mg and Aspirin enteric-coated tablets 300 mg orally before PCI;given conventional treatment according to patients'condition after surgery. Observation group additionally re-ceived intravenous push of Xuesaitong injection 8 mL before surgery,and Xuesaitong injection 8 mL added into Sodium chloride 250 mL intravenously,once a day after surgery,on the basis of control group. Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 14 d. TIMI level,MPG level,the serum levels of cTnT,CKMB were observed in 2 groups before surgery,24 h after surgery;serum level of PTX-3,hs-CRP were observed before surgery,one week after surgery;LVEF,LVEDD,serum level of BNP were observed before surgery and one month after surgery;the occurrence of ADR was observed to. RESULTS:Before surgery,there was no statistical significance in TIMI level,MPG level,the serum levels of cTnT,CKMB,PTX-3 and hs-CRP,LVEF,LVEDD,serum level of BNP between 2 groups (P>0.05). 24 h after surgery,TIMI level and MPG level of 2 groups were significantly higher than be-fore,and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group;the serum levels of cTnT and CKMB in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical sig-nificance(P<0.05). One week after surgery,the serum levels of PTX-3 and hs-CRP in 2 groups were significantly lower than be-fore surgery,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). One month after surgery,the level of LVEF in 2 groups were significantly higher than before surgery,and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group;LVEDD and se-rum level of BNP in 2 groups were significantly lower than be-fore surgery,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on convention-al treatment,Xuesaitong injection can effectively improve myocardial blood supply before PCI,decrease the level of inflammatory factor,relieve myocardial injury,improve cardiac function without increasing the incidence of ADR.

Objective To investigate the improvement role of clotrimazole suppositories and fluconazole combined therapy in sex life of patients with candidal vaginitis.MethodsThe clinical data of 80 cases of patients with candidal vaginitis in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, these patients were divided into clotrimazole suppositories and fluconazole combined therapy group (combined treatment group, n=40) and fluconazole single therapy group (single treatment group, n=40) according to the treatment methods, the clinical effects, main clinical symptoms and signs improvement time, quality of life of the two groups were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe total treatment efficiency of the combined treatment group 100.0% (40/40) was significantly higher than the single treatment group 87.5% (35/40) (P<0.05), the vaginal itching, pain, burning sensation, abnormal leucorrhea, abnormal discharge improvement time were significantly shorter than the single treatment group (P<0.05), the sexual desire, sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm and sexual satisfaction scores were significantly higher than the single treatment group (P<0.05), the pain score was significantly lower than the single treatment group (P<0.05).ConclusionClotrimazole suppositories and fluconazole combined therapy can more effectively improve the sex life of patients with candidal vaginitis than fluconazole single therapy.

Objective To assess the role of superficial vein and calf perforating vein in chronic venous insufficiency of lower limbs. Methods Consecutive seventy-five cases (78 limbs) of slight PDVI ( I? -Ⅱ?) were evaluated. Venous hemodynamics were detected by color duplex, color Doppler velocity profile technology and APG preoperatively, in the first month, the third month and the first year postoperatively. Data were statistically analyzed. Results Symptoms and signs disappeared in 88. 5% (69/78) limbs. The ulcer-healing rate was 92. 8% ( 13/14). The postoperative VFI at each check-point significantly decreased than that before operation (P0.01). Conclusions Superficial venous reflux can be effectively broken up by the operations. Venous stasis on calf effectively decreased by subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS). But neither of the two procedures greatly improve the hemodynamic status of deep vein.

Objective To sum up clinical experience on subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) for the treatment of severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of the lower extremities. Methods Fifty-one patients (64 limbs) with severe CVI received SEPS from Nov. 1999 to Aug.2002. CEAP classification, scoring of venous dysfunction (SVD), Color Doppler, Color Doppler velocity profile (CDVP), venography and air plethysmography (APG) were applied to assess the status of the affected limbs before and after operation. Results The postoperative follow-up was made from 3 to 35 months with the follow-up rate of 90.6% (58/64 limbs). No limbs suffered from recurrent superficial varicose. Venous ulcer was healed in 40 limbs (97.6%) and the ulcer ameliorated significantly in one limb. Ulcer healing time ranged from 9 to 91 days with the average time of (32?5) days. The average SVD was (13.9?1.7) preoperatively , while (6.4?0.8)postoperatively ( P

DEDD is a member of the death-effector domain protein family. DEDD inhibits the Smad3 mediated transcriptional activity and participates in the regulation of apoptosis. In this study, how the death-effector domain of DEDD participates in the regulation of Smad3 activity and apoptosis has been further investigated. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation had been used to detect the effects of the full length DEDD and its two truncated mutants, N-DEDD and C-DEDD on Smad3 subcellular distribution, phosphorylation, and interaction between Smad4. The effects of the full length DEDD and its two truncated mutants on cell apoptosis and proliferation had also been explored by flow cytometry and MTT assay. It showed that DEDD and N-DEDD inhibit TGF-beta1 induced Smad3 nuclear translocation and the formation of Smad3-Samd4 complex. DEDD and its two mutants can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. These results suggested that DEDD inhibits the activity of Smad3 through its death-effector domain. Both the two truncated mutants of DEDD participate in the regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation.

TLR2 activity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, tumor carcinogenesis and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. To establish a TLR2 receptor-based cell screening model, NF-kappaB promoter-driven luciferase reporter plasmids were transfected into human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) stably expressing human TLR2 and co-receptors CD14, TLR1 and TLR6. Single clones were then isolated and characterized. Using this screening system, a human TLR2-binding peptide C8 was obtained from the Ph.D.-7 Phage Display Peptide Library through biopanning and rapid analysis of selective interactive ligands (BRASIL). The binding characteristic of C8 with human TLR2 was evaluated by ELISA, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The NF-kappaB luciferase activity assay showed that C8 could activate the TLR2/TLR1 signaling pathway and induce the production of cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6. In conclusion, the TLR2 receptor-based cell screening system is successfully established and a new TLR2-binding peptide is identified by using this system.

A hybridoma cell line(B10)was established by fusing spleen cells of BALB/c mou- se immunized with human thyroglobulin(HTG) with SP2/0 myeloma cells. An averagefusing rate of 6.3% and antibody-secreting positive well rate of 58.3% were obtained.During the first two months, the supernatant of B10 culture had a titer of 1/128 to1/2048 measured by hemagglutination method, and the ascites was positive at 1/64000-128000 and 1/320000 respectively as measured by hemagglutination and radioimmunoass-ay.The B10 cell line is very stable and has very high activity to produce anti-HTGmonoclonal antibodies. After several times of preservation in liquid nitrogen andpassage in culture for one year,a recent determination shows that cell culture super-natant and ascites still have very high titer,being 1/4096 and 1/1048576 respectively asmeasured by hemagglutination method. The chromosome number of the B10 hybridomacell is 99.5?7.4.The success of the establishment of this cell line is briefly discussed.Attempt to establish diagnostic kit with this monoclonal antibody is being undertaken.

Objective: This study aimed to discriminate between Eupatorii Herba and its adulterants in order to guarantee the quality and clinical curative effect of this medicinal material. Methods: Genomic DNA extracted from Eupatorii Herba was used as templates. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA was amplified. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed by CodonCode Aligner. The intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances of Eupatorii Herba and its adulterants were computed by MEGA5 and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. Results: The length of ITS2 sequence of Eupatorii Herba was 218 bp. The maximum intraspecific genetic distance (K2P distance) of Eupatorii Herba was 0.0092. The minimum interspecific genetic distance of Eupatorii Herba and its adulterants was 0.024. The NJ trees showed that the ITS2 sequence would be used to identify Eupatorii Herba and its adulterants. Con-clusion: ITS2 sequence was able to identify Eupatorii Herba and its adulterants correctly and it provided a new technique to ensure clinical safety in utilization of traditional Chinese medicines.