CpG motifs are unmethylated oligodeoxynucleotides,and its core sequences are composed of unmethylated cytosine and unmethylated guanine.CpG motifs can induce the immune response by activating a variety of immune cells against diseases.The changes of CpG structure will increase the biological activities of CpG,and then enhance the therapeutic effect of CpG as the immuno adjuvant and the sensitizer of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment

Objective To investigate the level of illness uncertainty among family members of patients in surgical intensive care unit (ICU) and analyze its potential influencing factors based on Mishel′s theory. Methods A sample of 260 family members were recruited from the surgical ICU during the period from September 2014 to June 2015. Illness uncertainty was assessed by the Mishel Uncertainty of Illness Scale-Family Member. General variables questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were also examined to explore the influencing factors. Results The score of illness uncertainty was ( 96.75 ± 13.90 ) points in family member of patients in surgical ICU, at a high level. Multiply liner regression showed that social support (P=0.011), positive coping style (P=0.027) and average family income (P=0.033) were significant influencing factors of illness uncertainty. Conclusions The level of illness uncertainty is high among family members of patients in surgical ICU. There is a need for nurses to provide accessible social support and psychological intervention, help them cope with illness uncertainty positively.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic value of embolization in severe hemorrhagic cystitis(HC) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Methods Six patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation developed severe HC with a median onset time of 33 days after transplantation.All these patients had been resistant to conservative managements and received the treatment of selective embolization of bilateral internal iliac arteries.Results Eight times of embolizations were performed for 6 patients.The HC was cured in 4 patients and the HC improved in 1 patient,yielding a response rate of 83 %.One patient didn't respond to this measure.For the patients with response,macroscopic hematuria disappeared 7 to 10 days after the treatments and microscopic hematuria vanished 20 to 30 days after the intervention therapy.Both procedures were tolerated well and no severe adverse effects were observed.Conclusions Selective embolization of internal iliac arteries seems to be a safe and effective treatment for severe HC.This measure can be proposed for patients undergoing refractory and persistent severe HC.

Objective To observe the application of modified perfusion device pre-flushing method in double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) treatment and nursing care effect on patients with liver failure. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted; 56 patients with liver failure who were consistent with the enrolled standard and admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital fromJune 2014 to December 2016 were the objects of the study and their clinical data were collected. Ten patients involving the results of 17 case times from June 2014 to April 2015 were selected as the control group by using the traditional method of pre-flushing, and 46 patients involving the results of 68 case times from May 2015 to December 2016 were chosen as the observation group by using the modified perfusion device pre-flushing method. Both groups adopted effective nursing care cooperation: such as closely observe the changes of symptoms and signs of patients during the peri-treatment period, strengthen psychological care, maintain pipeline properly, and carry out the preventive management of anticoagulation and potential complications. The changes of symptoms and signs in the patients of two groups were observed, the DPMAS pre-flushing time and single time effective treatment time of the two groups were compared, before and 3 days after DPMAS treatment, the changes of serum total bilirubin (TBil), total bile acid (TBA) and its clearance rate, the changes of electrolytes, liver and kidney functions, blood routine and blood coagulation function were observed and compared between the two groups to evaluate and analyze the therapeutic effect of DPMAS.Results In the two groups, there were 56 patients involving 85 case times of DPMAS treatment all successfully completed, and the patients' symptoms and signs were improved significantly. The pre-flushing time of the observation group was obviously shorter than that in the control group (minutes: 29.5±13.1 vs. 38.9±14.7), and the single effective treatment time was obviously longer than that in the control group (minutes: 6.7±1.1 vs. 3.4±0.9,P < 0.05). After treatment, the TBil, TBA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin (ALB) in two groups were decreased significantly compared with those before treatment, the prothrombin time (PT) was markedly prolonged compared with that before treatment (allP < 0.05), and the degrees of improvement in the observation group were more obvious than those of the control group (butP > 0.05), and urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), Na+ and K+ had no significant changes compared with those before treatment (allP > 0.05). The TBil clearance rate [(42.5±15.5)% vs. (32.9±13)%] and TBA clearance rate [(27±8.9)% vs. (17.1±5.8)%] in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (allP < 0.05). There were no adverse events such as electrolyte disturbance, errhysis or bleeding found in the two groups during the treatment. In the study, there were 8 case times with self feeling of skin itching, 8 case times of skin rash, 6 case times of nausea and vomiting, 6 case times of chest tightness, 5 case times of blood pressure dropping phenomena and 4 case times of fever symptoms, and after the symptomatic treatments and nursing intervention, all the above symptoms were relieved or disappeared.Conclusion The modified perfusion device pre-flushing method can effectively elevate the pre-flushing effect and therapeutic effect, it is simple, time-saving, can reduce the economic burden of the patients, thus it is worthy to be used widely in clinic, during the therapeutic process, reasonable and effective nursing measures are practiced, that is the key to guarantee the successful treatment of patients.

The vectors play an important role in gene therapy by transporting the therapy genes into target tumor cells. At present there are mainly two kinds of gene vectors, including biological and non-biological vectors. Biological vectors, including virus, bacteria and stem cells, have good target activity and can efficiently delivery the genes into target tumor cells, but have potential genetic hazards.However, non-biological vectors, including liposomes and nanoparticles, can be simplely prepared with high genetic safety, but they can not transport the genes efficiently. Therefore, establishing safe and effective malignant glioma gene treatment system and finding gene vectors with good target activity become the research focus.

Objective:To study whether caspase-6 was activated during resveratrol(Res)- induced apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE-2Z. Methods:The cleavage of pro-caspase-6 was analyzed by Western-blot. TTie changes of caspase-6 mKNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The changes of caspase-6 activity was determined by colorimetric assay. Results: After CNE-2Z cells were treated with 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, 200 pmol/L Res for 24 h, respectively, the expression of pro-caspase-6 was decreased with concentration increasing. Caspase-6 active fragment P20(20 kD) appeared at 100 fjtmol/L and was increased at 200 (junol/L.The expression of caspase-6 mR-NA was increased in a concentration-dependent manner ( P

Objective To investigate the effects of Free fatty acids (FFAs) on extracellular matrix(ECM) mRNA expression and secretion.Methods Rat glomerular mesangial cells(HBZY-1 cells) were cultured in vitro and stimulated with OA in different concentration.The expression of collagen Ⅳ(Col Ⅳ) and fibronectin (FN) and transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-?_1) mRNA were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.The levels of Col Ⅳ and FN in cultured supernatant were determined by ELISA.Results The mRNA expression of Col Ⅳ, FN and TGF-?_1 of 25、100、400 ?mol/L stimulated OA groups were 0.94?0.17、1.16?0.15、1.28?0.19 and 0.82?0.11、0.97?0.07、1.09?0.08 and 1.15? 0.07、1.24?0.06、1.36?0.05 respectively , which increased significantly compared with their control group(0.73?0.16、0.53?0.09、 0.96?0.11 P

Objective To improve the recognition of aggressive natural killer-cell leukemia(ANKL)complicating muhiple organ failure(MOF).Methods A Fare case of ANKL was reported,and the related literatures were reviewed. Results One case of ANKL was diagnosed by bone marrow morphology and immunophenotypes of CD2,CD16,CD56,who developed multiple organ failure involving in liver,kidney,heart,lung,severe metabolic acidosis,tumour lysis syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)in course of the disease and chemotherapy.VP regimen and symptomatic treatment were performed,and the disease could be stable shortly but died of the failure of lung and heart soon. Conclusion ANKL has a fulminant clinical course and diffuse infihration of tumor cells resulted in multiple organ failure with poor response to treatment and unfavorable prognosis.

Chicken embryo fibroblasts(CEFs)are among the most commonly used cells for the study of interactions between chicken hosts and H5N1 avian influenza virus(AIV).In this study,the expression of eleven housekeeping genes typically used for the normalization of quantitative real-time PCR(QPCR)analysis in mammals were compared in CEFs infected with H5N1 AIV to determine the most reliable reference genes in this system.CEFs cultured from 10-day-old SPF chicken embryos were infected with 100 TCID50 of H5N1 AIV and harvested at 3,12,24 and 30 hours post-infection.The expression levels of the eleven reference genes in infected and uninfected CEFs were determined by real-time PCR.Based on expression stability and expression levels,our data suggest that the ribosomal protein L4(RPL4)and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta polypeptide(YWHAZ)are the best reference genes to use in the study of host cell response to H5N1 AIV infection.However,for the study of replication levels of H5N1 AIV in CEFs,the β-actin gene(ACTB)and the ribosomal protein L4(RPL4)gene are the best references.